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World journal of Cardiology 2017年第5期9卷 407-415页

作者： thomas j cahill Rajesh K Kharbanda Oxford Heart Centre John Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX3 9DUUnited Kingdom

Myocardial infarction(MI) remains the most common cause of heart failure(HF) worldwide. For almost 50 years HF has been recognised as a determinant ofadverse prognosis after MI, but efforts to promote myocardial repair have failed to translate into clinical therapies. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI) has driven improved early survival after MI, but its impact on the incidence of downstream HF is debated. The effects of PPCI are confounded by the changing epidemiology of MI and HF, with an ageing patient demographic, an increasing proportion of non-STelevation myocardial infarction, and the recognition of HF with preserved ejection fraction. Herein we review the mechanisms of HF after MI and discuss contemporary data on its incidence and outcomes. We review current and emerging strategies for early detection of patients at risk of HF after MI, with a view to identification of patient cohorts for novel therapeutic agents.

关键词： Angioplasty Heart failure Myocardial infarction Percutaneous coronary intervention ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： thomas j.Algeo jun Shen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of Geosciences University of Cincinnati

Theory regarding the causation of mass extinctions is in need of systematization, which is the focus of this contribution. Every mass extinction has both an ultimate cause, i.e. the trigger that leads to various climato-environmental changes, and one or more proximate cause(s), i.e. the specific climato-environmental changes that result in elevated biotic mortality. With regard to ultimate causes, strong cases can be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impacts, large igneous province(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have each triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic Big Five mass extinctions, and that tectono-oceanic changes have triggered some second-order extinction events. Apart from bolide impacts, other astronomical triggers(*** flares, gamma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of speculation. With regard to proximate mechanisms, most extinctions are related to either carbon-release or carbon-burial processes, the former being associated with climatic warming, ocean acidification, reduced marine productivity and lower carbonate δ13C values, and the latter with climatic cooling, increased marine productivity and higher carbonate δ13C values. Environmental parameters such as marine redox conditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show consistent relationships with carbon-cycle *** this context, mass extinction causation can be usefully classified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate factors. Among the Big Five mass extinctions, the end-Cretaceous biocrisis is an example of a bolide-triggered carbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic biocrises are examples of LIP-triggered carbon-release events, and the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian biocrises are examples of bioevolution-triggered carbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impact and LIP-eruption mechanisms appear to invariably cause carbon release, bioevolutionary triggers can result in variable carbon-cycle changes, e.g. carbon burial durin

关键词： biocrisis ultimate cause proximate cause bolide large igneous province bioevolutionary event

EZH2 inhibitors promote β-like cell regeneration in young and adult type 1 diabetes donors

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 679-692页

作者： Keith Al-Hasani Safiya Naina Marikar Harikrishnan Kaipananickal Scott Maxwell jun Okabe Ishant Khurana thomas Karagiannis julia j.Liang Lina Mariana thomas Loudovaris thomas Kay Assam El-Osta Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute75 Commercial RoadMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia Department of Diabetes Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia School of Science STEM CollegeRMIT UniversityMelbourne 3001 VICAustralia Immunology and Diabetes Unit St Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy 3065 VICAustralia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building30-32-Ngan Shing StreetSha TinHong Kong SAR Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Biomedical Laboratory Science Department of TechnologyFaculty of HealthUniversity College CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

β-cells are a type of endocrine cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize,store and release *** type 1 diabetes(T1D),T-cells of the immune system selectively destroy the insulin-producingβ-*** of these cells leads to a lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration for ***,there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that stimulateβ-cell growth and induceβ-cell *** and others have shown that pancreatic ductal progenitor cells are a promising source for regeneratingβ-cells for T1D owing to their inherent differentiation *** transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reaction and tightly controls the regenerative potential by the EZH2 *** the present study,we show that transient stimulation of exocrine cells,derived from juvenile and adult T1D donors to the FDAapproved EZH2 inhibitors GSK126 and Tazemetostat(Taz)influence a phenotypic shift towards aβ-like cell *** transition from repressed to permissive chromatin states are dependent on bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 chromatin *** EZH2 is fundamental toβ-cell regenerative *** pancreatic ductal cells exhibit insulin production and secretion in response to a physiological glucose challenge ex *** pre-clinical studies underscore the potential of small molecule inhibitors as novel modulators of ductal progenitor differentiation and a promising new approach for the restoration ofβ-like cell function.

关键词： EZH2 struction inhibitors

Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of human diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1808-1840页

作者： jiang-Hui Wang Dominic j.Gessler Wei Zhan thomas L.Gallagher Guangping Gao Horae Gene Therapy Center University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Ophthalmology Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Department of Neurological Surgery University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Neurosurgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA

Adeno-associated virus(AAV)has emerged as a pivotal delivery tool in clinical gene therapy owing to its minimal pathogenicity and ability to establish long-term gene expression in different *** AAV(rAAV)has been engineered for enhanced specificity and developed as a tool for treating various ***,as rAAV is being more widely used as a therapy,the increased demand has created challenges for the existing manufacturing *** rAAV-based gene therapy products have received regulatory approval,but there continue to be concerns about safely using high-dose viral therapies in humans,including immune responses and adverse effects such as genotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,thrombotic microangiopathy,and *** this review,we explore AAV biology with an emphasis on current vector engineering strategies and manufacturing *** discuss how rAAVs are being employed in ongoing clinical trials for ocular,neurological,metabolic,hematological,neuromuscular,and cardiovascular diseases as well as *** outline immune responses triggered by rAAV,address associated side effects,and discuss strategies to mitigate these *** hope that discussing recent advancements and current challenges in the field will be a helpful guide for researchers and clinicians navigating the ever-evolving landscape of rAAV-based gene therapy.

关键词： diseases specificity approval

Examining the“revisability”benefit of hip resurfacing arthroplasty

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World journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 554-559页

作者： jose George Adam j Taylor thomas P Schmalzried Department of Orthopedics Harbor UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States

BACKGROUND Hip resurfacing arthroplasty(HRA)is an alternative to total hip arthroplasty(THA)that is typically reserved for young active patients because it preserves ***,the benefits of HRA only hold true if conversion THA after failed HRA provides acceptable *** To compare patient reported outcomes for conversion THA after HRA failure to primary *** A retrospective review of 36 patients(37 hips)that underwent conversion THA for failed HRA between October 2006 and May 2019 by a single surgeon was *** reported outcomes[modified Harris Hip Score(mHHS),University of California Los Angeles(UCLA)activity score]were obtained via an email-based responder-anonymous *** were compared to normative data of a primary THA cohort with similar *** analysis was performed comparing outcomes of conversion THA for adverse local tissue reaction(ALTR)vs all other causes for *** The study group had a lower mHHS than the control group(81.7±13.8 vs 90.2±11.6,P<0.01);however,both groups had similar UCLA activity levels(7.5±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,P=0.51).Patients that underwent conversion for non-ATLR causes had similar mHHS(85.2±11.5 vs 90.2±11.6,P=0.11)and higher UCLA activity levels(8.5±1.8 vs 7.2±1.6,P<0.01)compared to the control *** that underwent conversion for ATLR had worse mHHS(77.1±14.5 vs 90.2±11.6,P<0.01)and UCLA activity levels(6.1±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,P=0.05)when compared to the control *** Patient outcomes equivalent to primary THA can be achieved following HRA conversion to ***,inferior outcomes were demonstrated for ALTR-related HRA *** selection and perhaps further studies examining alternative HRA bearing surfaces should be considered.

关键词： Total hip arthroplasty Hip resurfacing arthroplasty Conversion total hip arthroplasty Adverse local tissue reaction Patient reported outcome measures

不确定事宜感染性心内膜炎发生风险患者在牙科操作前需要应用抗生素吗？

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英国医学杂志中文版 2018年第1期21卷 47-54页

作者： thomas j cahill Mark Dayer Martin Thornhill 梁平平仲琳杨军 Oxford Heart Centre Oxford UniversityHospitals NHSFoundation TrustOxford UK Department ofcardiology Tauntonand Somerset NHSFoundation TrustMusgrove ParkTaunton UK Department ofcardiology Guy's andSt Thomas' HospitalsNHS FoundationTrust London UK Department of oraland maxillofacialmedicine surgery &pathology Universityof Sheffield School of Clinical DentistrySheffield. UK 青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院心内科

研究表明感染性心内膜炎的年病死率可达30％，是一种能威胁生命安全的疾病。每10万人群中每年有3～10个人感染该病，也就是说全科医生平均每20年遇到1例该患者。细菌通过口腔、肠道或皮肤进入血液，并在心脏内繁殖形成“植被”，

关键词：不确定事宜感染性心内膜炎患者牙科

Influence of water evaporation on elastohydrodynamic lubrication with water-containing polyalkylene glycols

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Friction 2024年第10期12卷 2370-2388页

作者： Stefan HOFMANN thomas LOHNER Karsten STAHL Technical University of Munich School of Engineering and DesignDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringGear Research Center(FZG)Boltzmannstraße 1585748 Garching near MunichGermany

The reduction of frictional power losses in power transmitting gears takes a crucial role in the design of energy-and resource-efficient ***-containing lubricants like glycerol and polyalkylene glycols have shown great potential in achieving friction within the superlubricity regime with coefficients of friction lower than 0.01 under elastohydrodynamic ***,a bio-based production of the base stocks can lead to the development of green ***,one challenge associated with the application of water-containing lubricants to gearboxes is the evaporation of water and its impact on the lubricant *** this study,the influence of water evaporation on elastohydrodynamic friction and film thickness was investigated for three water-containing polyalkylene *** nominal water contents of 20 wt%and 40 wt%and two viscosities were *** results show that the friction increases continuously with higher evaporated water content,while the overall friction level remains low in nearly water-free states.A similar trend is observed for film thickness,where the strong increase in viscosity results in a notable increase in film ***,the sensitivity of friction and film thickness to water evaporation is low for small amounts of evaporated *** allows generous thresholds for permissible variations in water content.

关键词： friction superlubricity aqueous lubrication elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) evaporation polyalkylene glycol

Energy and blast performance of beryllium in a model thermobaric composition in comparison with aluminum and magnesium

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 13-19页

作者： thomas M.Klapotke Stanisław Cudziło Waldemar A.Trzcinski jozef Paszula Energetic Materials Research Department of ChemistryUniversity of Munich(LMU)Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D)81377MunichGermany Military University of Technology Faculty of Advanced Technologies and ChemistrySylwester Kaliski Str.200-908WarsawPoland

A direct comparison is made between the effectiveness of Al,Mg,and Be powders as additional fuels in model thermobaric compositions containing 20%fuel,20%ammonium perchlorate,and 60%RDX(1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane)passivated with *** determined calorimetric measurements of the heat of detonation,along with the overpressure histories in an explosion chamber filled with nitrogen,were used to determine the quasi-static pressure(QSP)under anaerobic *** measurements were also performed in a semi-closed bunker,and all blast wave parameters generated after the detonation of 500 g charges of the tested explosives were *** calorimetry results,QSP values,and blast wave parameters(pressure amplitude,specific and total impulses)clearly indicate that Be is much more effective as an additional fuel than either Al or Mg in both anaerobic post-detonation reactions as well as the subsequent aerobic *** heat of detonation of the RDXwax/AP/Be explosive mixture is over 40%and 50%higher than that of the mixture containing aluminum and magnesium instead of beryllium,***,the TNT equivalent of the Be-containing composition due to the overpressure in the nitrogen-filled explosion chamber is 1.66,while the equivalent calculated using an air shock wave-specific impulse at a distance of 2.5 m is equal to *** high values of these parameters confirm the high reactivity of beryllium in both the anaerobic and aerobic stages of the thermobaric explosion.

关键词： Thermobaric explosives Beryllium Heat of detonation Quasi-static overpressure Blast wave parameters

亚热带森林植物的叶片和根系功能性状部分耦合但具有不同的群落性状分布格局

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journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 94-110页

作者： Wenqi Luo Oscar j Valverde-Barrantes Monique Weemstra james F cahill jr Zi Wang Dong He Yongfa Chen Chengjin Chu Youshi Wang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences/School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China International Center for Tropical Botany Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of Ecology and the Environment Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变... 详细信息

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的CTD,其CTD和群落加权平均性状值(CWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的CWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

关键词：性状维度群落构建叶片性状根系性状植物经济谱群落性状结构亚热带森林

Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser-solid interactions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 40-53页

作者： Long Yang Martin Rehwald thomas Kluge Alejandro LasoGarcia Toma Toncian Karl Zeil Ulrich Schramm thomas E.Cowan Lingen Huang Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser *** particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 *** results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic *** targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression *** to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent ***,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion *** results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond j-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kj-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.

关键词： shock convergent return