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Engineering imaging probes and molecular machines for nanomedicine

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2012年第10期55卷 843-861页

作者： TONG Sheng CRADICK thomas j MA Yan DAI ZhiFei BAO Gang Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Nanomedicine is an emerging field that integrates nanotechnology, biomolecular engineering, life sciences and medicine; it is expected to produce major breakthroughs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Due to the size-compatibility of nano-scale structures and devices with proteins and nucleic acids, the design, synthesis and application of nanoprobes, nanocarders and nanomachines provide unprecedented opportunities for achieving a better control of biological processes, and drastic im- provements in disease detection, therapy, and prevention. Recent advances in nanomedicine include the development of func- tional nanoparticle based molecular imaging probes, nano-structured materials as drug/gene carders for in vivo delivery, and engineered molecular machines for treating single-gene disorders. This review focuses on the development of molecular imag- ing probes and engineered nucleases for nanomedicine, including quantum dot bioconjugates, quantum dot-fluorescent protein FRET probes, molecular beacons, magnetic and gold nanoparticle based imaging contrast agents, and the design and validation of zinc finger nucleases （ZFNs） and TAL effector nucleases （TALENs） for gene targeting. The challenges in translating nano- medicine approaches to clinical applications are discussed.

关键词： nanomedicine imaging probe contrast agent drug delivery designer nuclease

Transferring Western Management Knowledge to China： Perceptions of Graduates from an American Executive MBA Program

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2013年第1期7卷 82-105页

作者： Mahmood A. Zaidi thomas j. Norman Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA College of Business Administration and Public Policy California State University--Dominguez Hills Carson CA 90747 USA

As is well-known, China＇s rapid economic growth over the past decades has been impressive and this growth has driven the demand of qualified managers and professionals by both foreign and Chinese enterprises. This paper examines perceptions of the graduates of an American Executive MBA program, who experienced the transfer of Western management knowledge through team teaching and virtual student teams. The findings show that graduates are generally satisfied with their overall educational experience and its impact on their career in terms of promotions and compensation. Furthermore, the team teaching and global virtual student teams are viewed as valuable experiences.

关键词： EMBA graduate perceptions team teaching virtual internationalstudents teams

Recent result from the A2 real photon facility at MAMI

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1120-1126页

作者： Andreas thomas Institut fr Kernphysik University Mainz J.-J. Becherweg 45 D-55099 Mainz Germany

The upgraded MAMI C accelerator is delivering electrons with an energy of 1558 MeV routinely. The A2 collaboration is doing experiments with energy marked polarised real photons produced via ＂Bremsstrahlung＂. Recent results from the GDH-experiment using a longitudinal polarised frozen spin target in combination with the DAPHNE detector and from the Crystal Ball experiment at MAMI are presented.

关键词： photonuclear reactions polarization phenomena in reactions polarized and other targets leptoninduced reactions

Effects of monoculture-conditioned soils on common tallgrass prairie species productivity

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journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 474-484页

作者： thomas P.McKenna Brian j.Darby Kathryn A.Yurkonis Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas2101 Constant Ave.Takeru Higuchi HallLawrenceKS 66047USA Department of Biology University of North Dakota10 Cornell Street Stop 9019Grand ForksND 58202USA

Aims Within biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments,it is widely understood that yields of some species rapidly decline when planted in *** effect may arise due to decreased access to soil nutrients or an increase in detrimental soil patho-gens within monoculture *** determine whether or not soil conditioning affects tall grass prairie species biomass produc-tion,we conducted a field experiment to assess species growth in conspecifically and heterospecifically conditioned soils and a greenhouse experiment to elucidate how conspecific soil biota affected species *** To test for species-specific soil effects,seedlings of the legume Astragulus canadensis,the cool-season grass Elymus canaden-sis,the forb Helianthus maximiliani and the warm-season grass Panicum virgatum were grown in field plots that had either been conspecifically or heterospecifically conditioned over 2 *** growth was recorded over a single growing season,and soils were assessed for differences in their nematode(mesofauna)*** of these species were additionally grown over a 6-week period in conspecifically conditioned soil that was either untreated,heated to 60°C,sterilized(autoclaved at 120°C)or heated to 60°C and reinoculated with conspecific soil *** two heating treatments were used to compare growth responses between a low-and high-temperature soil *** reinoculation treatment was used to assess the effect of soil biota in light of any nutrient changes that may have occurred with soil *** Findings Elymus canadensis,*** and *** growth was improved in field plots conditioned by the legume *** com-pared with their growth in conspecifically conditioned(home)*** variation(grass versus nongrass)in their soil nematode com-munities,there was no evidence to suggest that these three species were inhibited by conspecific or functionally conspecific soil condi-tioning in the ***

关键词： Astragulus canadensis diversity Elymus canadensis Helianthus maximiliani monoculture overyielding Panicum virgatum productivity soil biota soil conditioning

Current role of palliative interventions in advanced pancreatic cancer

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018年第7期10卷 75-83页

作者： Chelsey C Ciambella Rachel E Beard thomas j Miner Department of Surgical Oncology Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Unfortunately, at diagnosis, most patients are not candidates for curative resection. Surgical palliation, a procedure performed with the intention of relieving symptoms or improving quality of life, comes to the forefront of management. This article reviews the palliative management of unresectable pancreatic cancer, including obstructive jaundice, duodenal obstruction and pain control with celiac plexus block. Although surgical bypasses for both biliary and duodenal obstructions usually achieve good technical success, they result in considerable perioperative morbidity and mortality, even when performed laparoscopically. The effectiveness of selfexpanding metal stents for biliary drainage is excellent with low morbidity. Surgical gastrojejunostomy for duodenal obstruction appears to be best for patients with a life expectancy of greater than 2 mo while endoscopic stenting has been shown to be feasible with good symptom relief in those with a shorter life expectancy. Regardless of the palliative procedure performed, all physicians involved must be adequately trained in end of life management to ensure the best possible care for patients.

关键词： Surgical palliation Duodenal obstruction Hepatojejunostomy Gastrojejunostomy Endoscopic stenting Malignant ascites Celiac block Palliative triangle Pancreatic cancer Obstructive jaundice

A new perspective on intervertebral disc calcification—from bench to bedside

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 50-61页

作者： Emanuel j.Novais Rajkishen Narayanan jose A.Canseco Koen van de Wetering Christopher K.Kepler Alan S.Hilibrand Alexander R.Vaccaro Makarand V.Risbud Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentejano Orthopedic DepartmentSantiago do CacémPortugal Rothman Orthopedic Institute at thomas jefferson University PhiladelphiaPAUSA

Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck ***,there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis,ectopic calcification,herniation,or mixed *** these phenotypes,disc calcification is the least *** calcification,by definition,is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues,widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature,skin,and ***,disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative *** is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular and morphological characteristics:hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upregulation;cell death;altered Pi and PPi homeostasis;and local *** studies in mouse models have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this *** is essential to recognize that the presentation and nature of mineralization differ between AF,NP,and EP ***,the combination of anatomic location,genetics,and environmental stressors,such as aging or trauma,govern the predisposition to ***,the systemic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis,along with disc cell death and differentiation *** there is limited understanding of this phenotype,understanding the molecular pathways governing local intervertebral disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying drugs and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.

关键词： degeneration metabolism intervertebral

Bounding species distribution models

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 642-647页

作者： thomas j. STOHLGREN Catherine S. jARNEVICH Wayne E. ESAIAS jeffrey T. MORISETTE Fort Collins Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 2150 Centre Avenue Fort Collins CO 80526USA Code 614.5. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Greenbelt MD 20771 USA

Species distribution models are increasing in popularity for mapping suitable habitat for species of management con- cern. Many investigators now recognize that extrapolations of these models with geographic information systems （GIS） might be sensitive to the environmental bounds of the data used in their development, yet there is no recommended best practice for ＂clamping＂ model extrapolations. We relied on two commonly used modeling approaches： classification and regression tree （CART） and maximum entropy （Maxent） models, and we tested a simple alteration of the model extrapolations, bounding ex- trapolations to the maximum and minimum values of primary environmental predictors, to provide a more realistic map of suit-able habitat of hybridized Africanized honey bees in the southwestern United States. Findings suggest that multiple models of bounding, and the most conservative bounding of species distribution models, like those presented here, should probably replace the unbounded or loosely bounded techniques currently used [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 642-647,2011].

关键词： Niche models Geographic information systems Extrapolation Clamping

A Five-stage Evolution of Earth's Phosphorus Cycle

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地质学报:英文版 2023年第5期97卷 1306-1317页

作者： jIAO Liangxuan Matthew SDODD thomas jALGEO LI Chao Key Laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation&Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China International Center for Sedimentary Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry Research Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China School of Earth Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Geosciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221U.S.A.

Phosphorus(P)is a key biological nutrient and probably the ultimate limiter of marine productivity during Earth *** recent years,a wealth of new knowledge has revolutionized our understanding of the global P cycle,yet its longterm evolution remains incompletely *** this paper,we review the effects of three major controlling factors on the long-term evolution of the global P cycle,i.e.,tectonics,marine redox conditions,and bio-evolution,on the basis of which a five-stage model is proposed:StageⅠ(>~2.4 Ga),tectonic-lithogenic-controlled P cycling;StageⅡ(~2.4 Ga to 635Ma),low-efficiency biotic P cycling;StageⅢ(~635 Ma to 380 Ma),transitional biotic P cycling;StageⅣ(~380 Ma to near-modern),high-efficiency biotic P cycling;and Stage V(Anthropocene),human-influenced P *** model implies that the earlier-proposed Ediacaran reorganization of the marine P cycle may represent only the start of a-250-Myr-long transition of the Earth's P cycle(StageⅢ)between the low-efficiency biotic mode of the Proterozoic(StageⅡ)and the high-efficiency biotic mode of the Phanerozoic(StageⅣ).The development of biologically-driven,high-efficiency P cycling may have been a key factor for the increasing frequency and volume of phosphorite deposits since the late Neoproterozoic.

关键词： tectonics marine redox life evolution phosphorite Ediacaran Anthropocene

Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.Yin X.F.Li Y.j.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong M.Büscher S.M.Weng M.Chen Z.M.Sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina SANKEN(Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter Grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the thomas±Bargmann±Michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam