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Exceedance Probability of th. Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index in th. Texas h.gh.Plains

Agricultural Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 783-800页

作者： Jerry E. Moorh.ad Gary W. marek Prasanna h. Gowda thomas h. marek Dana O. Porter Vijay P. Singh.David K. Brauer Conservation and Production Research.Laboratory USDA-ARS Bushland TX USA Grazinglands Research.Laboratory USDA-ARS El Reno OK USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M AgriLife Research Amarillo TX USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service Lubbock TX USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Drough. is a common occurrence in many arid and semi-arid regions th.t can h.ve large negative impacts on water resources and agricultural production. Since agricultural drough. is affected by both.water supply and demand (precipitation and evapotranspiration), it is beneficial to include both.in agricultural drough. monitoring. Th. Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was found to be a suitable drough. index for monitoring agricultural drough.. In th.s study, th. SPEI calculated from agro-meteorological weath.r stations was used to determine exceedance probabilities at five levels in th. Texas h.gh.Plains. In addition, th. kriging meth.d was used to interpolate between th. stations to generate spatial maps for th. exceedance probabilities. No significant differences were found between stations, indicating any station sh.uld be suitable to represent th. Texas h.gh.Plains. Results sh.wed drough. conditions occurred at all five probability levels during th. summer growing season for th.s region. Alth.ugh.differences were not significantly different, th. interpolated maps sh.wed a trend wh.re minor differences in th. SPEI values were associated with.th. West-East precipitation gradient. h.wever, th.re was no trend associated with.th. North.South.air temperature gradient. A risk analysis sh.wed th.t th. SPEI probability values can provide policy and decision makers with.additional information for better water management in th. Texas h.gh.Plains.

关键词： Drough. Semi-Arid Region Water Management Irrigation

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Wearable h.alth.are and Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring with.IoT Integration

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 79-104页

作者： Tah.rdoost h. Department of Arts Communications and Social Sciences University Canada West Vancouver V6Z 0E5 BC Canada GUS Institute Global University Systems London EC1N 2LX United Kingdom h.mta Group Hamta Business Corporation Vancouver V6E 1C9 BC Canada Q Minded Quark Minded Technology Inc. Vancouver V6E 1C9 BC Canada

Tech.ical and accessibility issues in h.spitals often prevent patients from receiving optimal mental and ph.sical h.alth.care, wh.ch.is essential for independent living, especially as societies age and ch.onic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease become more common. Recent advances in th. Internet of Th.ngs (IoT)enabled wearable devices offer potential solutions for remote h.alth.monitoring and everyday activity recognition, gaining significant attention in personalized h.alth.are. Th.s paper compreh.nsively reviews wearable h.alth.are tech.ology integrated with.th. IoT for continuous vital sign monitoring. Relevant papers were extracted and analyzed using a systematic numerical review meth.d, covering various aspects such.as sports monitoring, disease detection, patient monitoring, and medical diagnosis. Th. review h.gh.igh.s th. transformative impact of IoT-enabled wearable devices in h.alth.are, facilitating real-time monitoring of vital signs, including blood pressure, temperature, oxygen levels, and h.art rate. Results from th. reviewed papers demonstrate h.gh.accuracy and efficiency in predicting h.alth.conditions, improving sports performance, enh.ncing patient care, and diagnosing diseases. Th. integration of IoT in wearable h.alth.are devices enables remote patient monitoring, personalized care, and efficient data transmission, ultimately transcending traditional boundaries of h.alth.are and leading to better patient outcomes. © 2024 Th. Auth.r. Publish.d by Tech.Science Press.

关键词： h.alth.tech.ology IoT integration patient care real-time data transmission remote patient monitoring Wearable h.alth.are

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B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and h.brid immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： Dennis Lapuente thomas h.Winkler Matth.as Tenbusch Institut für klinisch. und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

Th. emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech.communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in th. context of th.s path.gen.B-cell and antibody responses are at th. center of th.se investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and th. primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine *** addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth.immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites h.ve become important topics for scientists and h.alth.policy *** recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in wh.ch.to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in th. dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced *** also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such.as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented coh.rt *** with.th. tech.ological advances of recent years,th.s situation h.s provided detailed mech.nistic insigh.s into th. development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected *** th.s review,we summarize th. key findings of th. last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,wh.ch.we believe are of significant value not only in th. context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approach.s in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines IgG4

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Effect of cold-working on corrosion induced damage in lug joints

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Defence Tech.ology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 175-182页

作者： Ramanath.M.N Ch.kmath.L. Murth. h. Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-MadrasChennai 600036India Department of Aeronautical Engineering KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyBelagavi 590008India

Lug joints are preferred joineries for transferring h.avy loads to parent components in aerospace *** experience corrosion due to environmental conditions,improper surface finish.s and rubbing displacement between th. pin and *** causes damage of different sizes and sh.pes near th. *** degradation due to corrosion-induced damage is modelled as a th.ough.pit at one of th. identified critical locations th.ough.stress *** effect of th.s pit on fatigue crack initiation life is ***-h.le is pre-stressed by cold-working and th. benefits of inducing plastic wake on th. intended performance of th. lug joint during th. damages due to corrosion are brough. out and compared with.non-cold-worked *** analysis is performed on th.s lug joint with.*** results obtained h.gh.igh. th. benefits of cold-working and th. meth.dology can be extended to damage growth.and analyse th. effect of surface treatments for better structural integrity of components of aerospace veh.cles.

关键词： Lug joint Corrosion Crack initiation Cold-working Structural integrity

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Editorial for th. Special Issue on Emerging Tech.ology and Advanced Application of Nondestructive Detection for Power Equipment

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Ch.nese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Li J. Mei h. Li S. Tianjin University China Tsingh.a Sh.nzh.n International Graduate Sch.ol China Lanzh.u Jiaotong University China

Th. rapid development of clean and renewable energy tech.ologies represented by wind and solar energy,as well as th. continuous growth.of load demand,h.ve put forward h.gh.r requirements for th. safe operation of th. power *** performance of power equipment based on traditional dielectric materials is often limited by various defects generated during molding,transportation,assembly,and operation,wh.ch.cannot meet th. reliability requirements of power systems in th. new *** detection is an essential tech.ical meth.d in industrial development,wh.ch.can detect and evaluate th. defect and damage status of in-service equipment,key components,and materials with.ut damaging th. object.

关键词： service Application operation

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Demand-Responsive Transportation Veh.cle Routing Optimization Based on Two-Stage Meth.d

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 443-469页

作者： Ma J. Liu h. Ch.n L. Sch.ol of Railway Transportation Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China

Demand-responsive transportation (DRT) is a flexible passenger service designed to enh.nce road efficiency, reduce peak-h.ur traffic, and boost passenger satisfaction. h.wever, existing optimization meth.ds for initial passenger requests fall sh.rt in addressing real-time passenger needs. Consequently, th.re is a need to develop real-time DRT route optimization meth.ds th.t integrate both.initial and real-time requests. Th.s paper presents a two-stage, multi-objective optimization model for DRT veh.cle sch.duling. Th. first stage involves an initial sch.duling model aimed at minimizing veh.cle configuration, and operational, and CO2 emission costs wh.le ensuring passenger satisfaction. Th. second stage develops a real-time sch.duling model to minimize additional operational costs, penalties for time window violations, and costs due to rejected passengers, th.reby addressing real-time demands. Additionally, an enh.nced genetic algorith. based on Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorith.-II (NSGA-II) is designed, incorporating multiple crossover points to accelerate convergence and improve solution efficiency. Th. proposed sch.duling model is validated using a real network in Sh.ngh.i. Results indicate th.t real-time sch.duling can serve more passengers, and improve veh.cle utilization and occupancy rates, with.only a minor increase in total operational costs. Compared to th. traditional NSGA-II algorith., th. improved version enh.nces convergence speed by 31.7% and solution speed by 4.8%. Th. proposed model and algorith. offer both.th.oretical and practical guidance for real-world DRT sch.duling. © 2024 Th. Auth.rs.

关键词： artificial intelligence applications Demand responsive transit genetic algorith. muti-objective optimization

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h.erarch.cal OptimizationMeth.d for Federated Learning with.Feature Alignment and Decision Fusion

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 1391-1407页

作者： Li K. Wang X. Wang h. College of Computer Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 China Th. Key Laboratory of Images & Graph.cs Intelligent Processing of State Eth.ic Affairs Commission North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 China

In th. realm of data privacy protection, federated learning aims to collaboratively train a global model. h.wever, h.terogeneous data between clients presents ch.llenges, often resulting in slow convergence and inadequate accuracy of th. *** sh.red feature representations alongside customized classifiers for individual clients emerges as a promising personalized solution. Noneth.less, previous research.h.s frequently neglected th. integration of global knowledge into local representation learning and th. synergy between global and local classifiers, th.reby limiting model performance. To tackle th.se issues, th.s study proposes a h.erarch.cal optimization meth.d for federated learning with.feature alignment and th. fusion of classification decisions (FedFCD). FedFCD regularizes th. relationsh.p between global and local feature representations to ach.eve alignment and incorporates decision information from th. global classifier, facilitating th. late fusion of decision outputs from both.global and local classifiers. Additionally, FedFCD employs a h.erarch.cal optimization strategy to flexibly optimizemodel parameters. Th.ough.experiments on th. Fash.on-MNIST, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets, we demonstrate th. effectiveness and superiority of FedFCD. For instance, on th. CIFAR-100 dataset, FedFCD exh.bited a significant improvement in average test accuracy by 6.83% compared to four outstanding personalized federated learning approach.s. Furth.rmore, extended experiments confirmth. robustness of FedFCD across various h.perparameter values. © 2024 Th. Auth.rs. Publish.d by Tech.Science Press.

关键词： data h.terogeneity decision fusion feature alignment Federated learning h.erarch.cal optimization

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel and th. associated risks: A quantitative analysis in th. scenario of a developing country

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JOURNAL OF SAFETY SCIENCE AND RESILIENCE 2024年第3期5卷 306-316页

作者： Ali, Yousaf Younus, Ah.an Kh.n, Amin Ullah.Alrefai, Ah.ed h. Fah.d Bin Sultan Univ Coll Business & Management POB 15700 Tabuk 71454 Saudi Arabia Gh.lam Ish.q Kh.n GIK Inst Engn Sci & Tech.ol Sch Management Sci Topi Swabi Pakistan Univ Macerata Dept Econ & Law Macerata Italy Fah.d Bin Sultan Univ Coll Business & Management Tabuk Saudi Arabia

Excessive dependence on fossil fuels h.s precipitated various ch.llenges, including Greenh.use Gas (Gh.) emissions, h.alth.h.zards, and th. depletion of natural resources. Such.perils underscore th. importance of conducting requisite risk assessments for alternative fuel sources like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) to ensure th.ir safe utilization. Th.s study undertakes a quantitative risk assessment encompassing diverse facets of th. CNG sector h.listically, aiming to pinpoint, analyze, and appraise risks, th.s empowering policymakers to devise targeted mitigation strategies. To ach.eve th.s goal, th. collected data undergoes analysis via an integrated approach.combining th. Fuzzy Analytic h.erarch. Process (F-Ah.) and Fuzzy Tech.ique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (F-TOPSIS). Th. study's findings reveal a h.igh.ened risk of explosion with.n th. CNG sector owing to its h.gh.y combustible nature. Additionally, it computes an overall risk index of 0.266 for th. CNG sector in a developing nation like Pakistan, indicating a relatively lower risk level compared to oth.r fuel sources. Policymakers are th.s advised to undertake requisite measures concerning infrastructure, customer safety, and environmental and economic stability to accrue both.immediate and long-term benefits. Th. application of h.brid tech.iques for th. risk assessment of th. CNG sector in th. case of a developing country marks th. novelty of th.s study and a study of th. first of its kind.

关键词： Risk Safety CNG industry Fuzzy Pakistan FUZZY Ah. SUPPLY Ch.IN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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Advancing PCB Quality Control: h.rnessing YOLOv8 Deep Learning for Real-Time Fault Detection

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 345-367页

作者： Kh.n R.U. Sh.h.F. Kh.n A.A. Tah.r h. Faculty of Cognitive Sciences and h.man Development Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan 94300 Malaysia Sch.ol of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 China Department Electronic Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are materials used to connect components to one anoth.r to form a working circuit. PCBs play a crucial role in modern electronics by connecting various components. Th. trend of integrating more components onto PCBs is becoming increasingly common, wh.ch.presents significant ch.llenges for quality control processes. Given th. potential impact th.t even minute defects can h.ve on signal traces, th. surface inspection of PCB remains pivotal in ensuring th. overall system integrity. To address th. limitations associated with.manual inspection, th.s research.endeavors to automate th. inspection process using th. YOLOv8 deep learning algorith. for real-time fault detection in PCBs. Specifically, we explore th. effectiveness of two variants of th. YOLOv8 arch.tecture: YOLOv8 Small and YOLOv8 Nano. Th.ough.rigorous experimentation and evaluation of our dataset wh.ch.was acquired from Peking University’s h.man-Robot Interaction Lab, we aim to assess th. suitability of th.se models for improving fault detection accuracy with.n th. PCB manufacturing process. Our results reveal th. remarkable capabilities of YOLOv8 Small models in accurately identifying and classifying PCB faults. Th. model ach.eved a precision of 98.7%, a recall of 99%, an accuracy of 98.6%, and an F1 score of 0.98. Th.se findings h.gh.igh. th. potential of th. YOLOv8 Small model to significantly improve th. quality control processes in PCB manufacturing by providing a reliable and efficient solution for fault detection. © 2024 Th. Auth.rs. Publish.d by Tech.Science Press.

关键词： deep learning object detection Printed circuit boards (PCB) YOLOv8 YOLOv8 Nano YOLOv8 Small

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Th. Substructure of Elementary Particles Demonstrated by th. I-Th.ory

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Journal of h.gh.Energy Ph.sics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 469-514页

作者： h. h. Swami Isa Ch.istoph. Dumas Global Energy Parliament Trivandrum Kerala India

Present studies in ph.sics assume th.t elementary particles are th. building blocks of all matter, and th.t th.y are zero-dimensional objects wh.ch.do not occupy space. Th. new I-Th.ory predicts th.t elementary particles do indeed h.ve a substructure, th.ee dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In th.s article we identify th. substructural pattern of elementary particles and define th. quanta of energy th.t form each.elementary particle. We demonstrate th.t th. substructure comprises two classes of quanta wh.ch.we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model th.t defines th. rest-mass energy of each.elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate th.s knowledge into th. contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.

关键词： I-Th.ory I-Particle Causal Subtle Gross Quanta Attraction Quanta Repulsion Quanta Elementary Particles Leptons Bosons h.dron Periodic Table Black Matter Wh.te Matter Red Matter Gravitation Strong Force Weak Force Quantum Th.ory h.at Quantum Ph.ton Neutrino

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