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Autism and Schizophrenia Are Disorders of Evolvability

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2014年第2期3卷 161-183页

作者： C. thomas gualtieri North Carolina Neuropsychiatry PA Attention & Memory Centers Chapel Hill Charlotte and Raleigh NC USA

Autism and schizophrenia are of particular interest because new developments in genomic medicine address three aspects of the conditions that have been difficult, thus far, to resolve: their heterogeneity, from subclinical manifestations to disorders that are gravely disabling;the genetic basis for their high heritability;and the persistence of disorders in light of their high heritability but low reproductive success they convey. The origins of autism and schizophrenia, their persistence and heterogeneity can be understood by integrating information from genomic science, the social brain and the evolution of socialization, intelligence and language. Both conditions are associated with structural changes in the genome, specifically copy number variants. Such systemic mutations contribute to an unstable and mutable genome and have been especially notable during primate > hominid evolution. Along with mechanisms that affect gene expression, they contribute to a genome characterized by variability and evolvability. A dynamic and variable genome is reflected by a high degree of phenotypic variation. This, in turn, is reflected in the diversity of neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular autism and schizophrenia. Evolvability is more than a dispositional concept, it is a trait in its own right. In the special case of hominid evolution, evolvability has been both an independent and a dependent variable. Evolution of the modern human brain seems to have arisen during the cultivation of unstable regions in the genome that were conducive to a high degree of inter-individual and inter-generational variation. The consequence of even small aberrations in evolutionary processes and phenotypic variations is most likely to be manifest in the functions of the social brain: self-referential processing, perspective taking and the dual components of empathy;also language as well as intelligence itself. The trade-off is a dynamic genome that can rearrange itself in untoward ways and

关键词： Autism Schizophrenia Genomic Transformation Copy Number Variants Social Brain Evolvability

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绿色维修令超级游艇更环保

商业周刊（中文版） 2021年第23期 30-31页

作者： thomas gualtieri 邵璐宁(译) 不详

有些事情就连坐在超级游艇里的亿万富豪也躲不掉。这种水上豪宅可以提供一个阻挡抗疫隔离和严酷寒冬之苦的避难所,但没有人能免受气候变化的影响。随着海平面上升和极端风暴越发频繁,超级富豪们未来将面临一个麻烦,那就是这个最钟爱的... 详细信息

有些事情就连坐在超级游艇里的亿万富豪也躲不掉。这种水上豪宅可以提供一个阻挡抗疫隔离和严酷寒冬之苦的避难所,但没有人能免受气候变化的影响。随着海平面上升和极端风暴越发频繁,超级富豪们未来将面临一个麻烦,那就是这个最钟爱的游乐场可能不再适合航行。

关键词：亿万富豪超级富豪绿色维修超级游艇海平面上升避难所游乐场

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淘金电子垃圾既环保又提供就业

商业周刊（中文版） 2022年第9期 34-35页

作者： thomas gualtieri 竹西(译) 不详

●零部件和原材料的销售是这家西班牙公司的主要收入来源,它同时作为特殊就业中心获得公共补贴伊格纳西奥·加西亚(Ignacio Garcia)与同事共享的办公室就是他们公司产品的展览室一块牌匾、一张桌子,甚至是他的绿植所用的花盆。这个开放... 详细信息

●零部件和原材料的销售是这家西班牙公司的主要收入来源,它同时作为特殊就业中心获得公共补贴伊格纳西奥·加西亚(Ignacio Garcia)与同事共享的办公室就是他们公司产品的展览室一块牌匾、一张桌子,甚至是他的绿植所用的花盆。这个开放式房间中的物品在功能上截然不同,但都有一个共同的来源:垃圾。

关键词：加西亚收入来源电子垃圾公共补贴就业开放式

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赫尔辛基如何用冰冷海水为住宅供暖

商业周刊（中文版） 2022年第22期 62-63页

作者： thomas gualtieri Kati Pohjanpalo 邵璐宁(译) 不详

芬兰首都赫尔辛基将利用一种让人意想不到的能源为当地家庭供暖:从波罗的海深处抽取的冷水。欧洲正急于寻找新能源,希望用一种新的碳中和供暖系统来减少对进口化石燃料的依赖,赫尔辛基也加入了这个行动。该市电力公司Helen Oy将与西班... 详细信息

芬兰首都赫尔辛基将利用一种让人意想不到的能源为当地家庭供暖:从波罗的海深处抽取的冷水。欧洲正急于寻找新能源,希望用一种新的碳中和供暖系统来减少对进口化石燃料的依赖,赫尔辛基也加入了这个行动。该市电力公司Helen Oy将与西班牙建筑商Acciona SA和当地基础设施公司YIT Oyi合作,建造一条隧道,用于从海底取水,因为海洋深处的水温恒定。

关键词：基础设施供暖系统家庭供暖赫尔辛基电力公司住宅供暖建筑商化石燃料

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选举受挫西班牙濒临分裂

商业周刊（中文版） 2019年第24期 42-43页

作者： Ben Ben Sills Charles Penty Jeannette Neumann Charlie Devereux Esteban Duarte thomas gualtieri Katerina Petroff 李译(译) 不详

那是4月28日,选举之夜,西班牙的时任代首相佩德罗·桑切斯(Pedro Sanchez)登上了世界之巅。在350个席位的议会中,他领导的社会党所占席位从85个增加到了123个,距离获得占绝对多数的176个席位这一目标看似只有半步之遥。他对一直给自己... 详细信息

那是4月28日,选举之夜,西班牙的时任代首相佩德罗·桑切斯(Pedro Sanchez)登上了世界之巅。在350个席位的议会中,他领导的社会党所占席位从85个增加到了123个,距离获得占绝对多数的176个席位这一目标看似只有半步之遥。他对一直给自己的领导地位构成支持、但反对撙节立场的政党“我们能”党(Podemos)愈加感到厌倦,况且随着金融危机的痛苦从人们的记忆中逐步淡出,“我们能”党在议会中的席位也稳步缩水。

关键词：金融危机桑切斯世界之巅绝对多数佩德罗社会党席位西班牙

Tuning beneficial calcineurin phosphatase activation to counterα-synuclein toxicity in a yeast model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 199-200页

作者： Srishti Chawla Mikael Molin thomas Nystrom Institute for Biomedicine Sahlgrenska AcademyCentre for Ageing and Health-AgeCapUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

Calcineurin(CN)is a calcium-and calmodulindependent serine/threonine that has been studied in many model organisms including yeast,filamentous fungi,plants,and *** biological functions range from ion homeostasis and virulence in lower eukaryotes to T-cell activation in humans by human nuclear factors of activated *** is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit,calcineurin A(Cna1p),which contains an active site with a dinuclear metal center,and a regulatory Ca^(2+) binding subunit called calcineurin B(Cnb1p)required to activate *** calcineurin B subunit has been highly conserved through evolution:For example,the mammalian calcineurin B shows 54%identity with calcineurin B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

关键词： activation dinuclear conserved

Microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg Alexander Younsi Department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation M1/M2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert J.thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

The dynamics of river confluences and their effects on the ecology of aquatic environment:A review

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第1期34卷 1-14页

作者： Sai-yu Yuan Lei Xu Hong-wu Tang Yang Xiao Carlo gualtieri State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210024China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Nanjing210024China Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture University of Napoli Federico IINapoliItaly

Confluences act as critical nodes in a river *** affect hydrodynamics,sediment transport,bed morphology,and eco-hydraulics of the river *** of streams produces the complex mechanism of flow momentum and mass mixing which may affect the aquatic environment locally and even lasting for a long distance *** confluence creates a hotspot for the river system’s ecological change,which usually leads to changes in water temperature,suspended-sediment load,bed material,nutrient concentrations,water chemistry,and organic-matter ***,the dynamics of river confluences are very complex and have critical effects on river system’s water environment and *** this reason,a review summarizing turbulent flow,sediment transport,morphological-dynamics,mixing processes,and their effects on the ecology of the aquatic environment at river confluences is in order.A future research agenda and opportunities pertinent to river confluence are vitally emphasized as a multidisciplinary research topic.

关键词： River confluence hydrodynamics sediment transport morpho dynamics water environment water ecology