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Use.of Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) to e.hance.Prope.tie. of Pape. Base. on Re.ycle. Pulp

Advance. in Che.ical e.gine.ring and Scie.ce 2014年第3期4卷 347-360页

作者： Klaus Doe.le.Anh T. Le.thomas e. amidon Biljana M. Bujanovic De.artme.t of Pape. and Bioproce.s e.gine.ring State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse USA

Nowadays, re.ycle. pape. is broadly use. due.to e.vironme.tal re.sons. Furthe.more. the.addition of starch as a dry stre.gth additive.improve. the.prope.tie. of re.ycle. pape.. Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA), a product from bio-re.ine.y proce.s, has re.e.tly be.n shown to act as a promising stre.gth additive.that could be.use. in combination with starch to furthe. improve.the.stre.gth of pape.. In this study, the.use.of PLA of thre. mole.ular we.ghts (MW) in combination with four diffe.e.t starche. was inve.tigate.. Thre. re.ycle. pulps from diffe.e.t origins, with the.kappa numbe. of 27.9 to 66 we.e.use.. Pape. handshe.ts we.e.made. and se.e.te. pape. prope.tie. we.e.te.te.. The.re.ults indicate.that handshe.ts prope.tie. we.e.influe.ce. by the.MW of PLAs, the.type.of starch use., and the.lignin conte.t of the.pulp. The.pape. handshe.ts made.from lignin-rich pulp (pulp A, kappa numbe. 66), combine. with 0.1% me.ium MW PLA (PLA_1) and 0.9% cationic starch containing 0.43% N gave.the.highe.t improve.e.t for te.sile.stre.gth, we. te.sile.stre.gth, air and wate. re.istance. This re.ult ve.ifie. that a highe. kappa numbe. pulp has be.te. attraction to the.hydrophobic PLA. More.ve., the.highe. charge.cationic starch le. to highe. te.sile.stre.gth due.to the.incre.se.of affinity to the.anionic fibe. surface. Inte.e.tingly, re.ults show that amphote.ic starch is a promising substitute.for high cationic charge.starch whe. combine. with the.me.ium MW PLA to improve.te.sile.stre.gth of pape.. This study de.onstrate. that a starch-PLA ble.d re.re.e.ts a promising approach in improving prope.tie. of re.ycle. pape..

关键词： Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) Re.ycle. Pulp (OCC) Starch Pape. Prope.tie. Pape. Handshe.ts

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The.impact of macroalgae.on me.n and turbule.t flow fie.ds

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第3期27卷 427-435页

作者： thomas Robe.t e. MCLe.LAND Stuart J. De.artme.t of Ge.graphy Environment and Earth Sciences University of Hull

In this pape., we.atte.pt to quantify the.me.n and turbule.t flow fie.ds around live.macroalgae.within a tidal inle. in Norway. Two Laminaria digitata spe.ime.s - 0.50 m apart we.e.se.e.te. for de.aile. study and a profiling ADV was use. to colle.t 45 ve.ocity profile., e.ch compose. of up to se.e. 0.035 m-high profile. colle.te. for 240 s at 100 Hz, at a stre.mwise.spacing of 0.25 m and cross-stre.m spacing of 0.20 m. To quantify the.impact of the.macroalgae. me.sure.e.ts we.e.re.e.te. ove. a sparse. grid afte. the.re.ion had be.n comple.e.y cle.re. of algae.and major roughne.s e.e.e.ts.

关键词： de.liasing laminaria digitata turbule.ce ve.trino profile. ve.ocity profile

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Oral product input to the.GI tract： GIS an oral product pe.formance.te.hnology

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Frontie.s of Che.ical Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring 2017年第4期11卷 516-520页

作者： Gordon L. amidon Yasuhiro Tsume Colle.e.of Pharmacy University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

The.patie.t re.e.ve. a pharmace.tical product, not a drug. The.pharmace.tical products are.formulate. with a drug, an active.ingre.ie.t to produce.the.maximum the.ape.tic e.fe.t afte. oral absorption. The.e.ore. it is the.product we.must optimize.for the.patie.ts. In orde. to assure.the.safe.y and e.ficacy of pharmace.tical products, we.ne.d an in vivo pre.ictive.tool for oral product pe.formance.in patie.ts. Curre.tly, we.are.a surprisingly long way from accomplishing that obje.tive. If the.20th ce.tury was the.＇age.of the.drug＇, i.e., the.＇magic bulle.＇, the.21st ce.tury must be.ome.the.＇age.of the.guide. missile., i.e., the.de.ive.y syste., including the.form of the.active.pharmace.tical ingre.ie.t （API）（＇drug＇）. The.physical form of the.drug and the.de.ive.y syste. must be.optimize. to maximize.the.the.ape.tic be.e.its of pharmace.tical products for humans. Oral imme.iate.re.e.se.（IR） dosage.forms cannot be.optimal for all drugs or like.y e.e. any drugs （APIs）. Still, the.formulation of pharmace.tical products has to be.optimize. for patie.ts. But how do we.optimize.oral de.ive.y of drugs？ It is usually through ＇trial and e.ror＇, in humans! We.ne.d a be.te. way to optimize.the.oral dosage.forms. We.have.sugge.te. to se.e.t diffe.e.t dissolution me.hodologie. for this optimization base. on BCS Subclasse.. In this article. we.pre.e.t the.pre.icte. in vivo drug dissolution profile.of ke.oconazole.as a mode. drug from our laboratory utilizing a gastrointe.tinal simulator （GIS）, which is an adaptation of the.ASD syste.. GIS consists of thre. chambe.s re.re.e.ting stomach, duode.um, and je.unum, to cre.te.the.human gastrointe.tinal tract-like.e.vironme.t and e.able.the.control the.gastric e.ptying rate. This dissolution syste. allows the.monitoring of the.drug dissolution phe.ome.a and the.obse.vation of the.supe.- saturation and the.pre.ipitation of pharmace.tical pro- ducts, which is use.ul information to pre.ict in vivo dissolution of pharmace.tical products. This

关键词： GIS in vivo pre.ictive.dissolution ke.ocona-zole BCS subclassification supe.saturation

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Macke. First Countability and Docile.Locally Conve. Space.

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Acta Mathe.atica Sinica,e.glish Se.ie. 2011年第4期27卷 737-740页

作者： Carlos BOSCH GIRAL thomas e. GILSDORF Claudia GOMe.-WULSCHNe. De.artame.to de.Mate.dticas ITAM Rio Hondo #1 Col. Progreso Tizapan Mdxico DF 01080 Mexico De.artme.t of Mathe.atics University of North Dakota Grand Forks ND 58202-8376 USA

We.de.ine.a ge.e.alization of Macke. first countability and prove.that it is e.uivale.t to be.ng docile. A conse.ue.ce.of the.main re.ult is to give.a partial affirmative.answe. to an old que.tion of Macke. re.arding arbitrary quotie.ts of Macke. first countable.space.. Some.applications of the.main re.ult to space. such as inductive.limits are.also give..

关键词： Bounde. se. docile.space Macke. first countable inductive.limit

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Tungste. Promote. Ni/Al_2O_3 Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide.Re.orming of Me.hane.to Synthe.is Gas

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Che.ical Re.e.rch in Chine.e.Unive.sitie. 2004年第4期20卷 470-477页

作者： thomas Suhartanto Andre. P. e. York Malcolm L. H. Gre.n Wolfson Catalysis Ce.tre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordWolfson Catalysis Centre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordWolfson Catalysis Centre Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UKSouth Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UKSouth Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK

A se.ie. of tungste. promote. alumina supporte. nicke. catalysts has be.n pre.are. for the.carbon dioxide.re.orming of me.hane.to synthe.is gas. The.catalysts have.be.n characte.ize. by me.ns of XRD, Te., and Lase. Raman spe.troscopy. It is shown that the.addition of tungste. to the.nicke. catalyst can stabilize.the.catalyst and incre.se.the.re.istance.to carbon de.osition. Adding a suitable.amount of tungste. can also incre.se.the.catalyst activity to be.close.to that of supporte. noble.me.al catalysts. The.carburisation of the.tungste. modifie. nicke. catalyst de.re.se. the.catalyst activity at lowe. re.ction te.pe.ature.(e.fe.t on the.catalyst pe.formance.at highe. re.ction te.pe.ature.. The.alumina supporte. nicke. catalyst modifie. by 0.67%(mass fraction) WO_3 has the.e.uivale.t e.uilibrium constant of the.dry re.orming re.ction to that of alumina supporte. 5%(mass fraction) Ru at 873 K, and also has a lowe. activation e.e.gy for dry re.orming than the.latte..

关键词： Nicke. catalyst Tungste. modifie. CO_2 re.orming Me.hane Syngas

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Glow in the.Dark： Fluore.ce.t Prote.ns as Ce.l and Tissue.Spe.ific Marke.s in Plants

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Mole.ular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 794-804页

作者： We.zislava Ckurshumova Adriana e. Carage. Roche.le.S. Goldste.n thomas Be.le.h De.artme.t of Ce.l and Syste.s Biology University of Toronto 25 Willcocks St Toronto ON MSS 3B2 Canada

Since.the.hallmark discove.y of Ae.uore. victoria＇s Gre.n Fluore.ce.t Prote.n （GFP） and its adaptation for e.ficie.t use.in plants, fluore.ce.t prote.n tags marking e.pre.sion profile. or ge.uine.prote.ns of inte.e.t have.be.n use. to re.ognize.plant tissue. and ce.l type., to monitor dynamic ce.l fate.se.e.tion proce.se., and to obtain ce.l type.spe.ific transcriptome.. Fluore.ce.t tagging e.able. visualization in living tissue. and the.pre.ise.re.ordings of dy- namic e.pre.sion patte.n change.. The.re.ulting accurate.re.ording of ce.l fate.acquisition kine.ics in space.and time.has strongly stimulate. mathe.atical mode.ing of se.f-organizing fe.dback me.hanisms. In de.e.opme.tal studie., the.use.of fluore.ce.t prote.ns has be.ome.critical, whe.e.morphological marke.s of tissue., ce.l type., or diffe.e.tiation stage. are.e.the. not known or not e.sily re.ognizable. In this re.ie., we.focus on the.use.of fluore.ce.t marke.s to ide.tify and illuminate.othe.wise.invisible.ce.l state. in plant de.e.opme.t.

关键词： Arabidopsis auxin transport e.hance. trap FACS fluore.ce.t prote.ns GFP ge.e.e.pre.sion marke.s live.imaging mathe.atical mode.ing me.iste. vascular de.e.opme.t.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF DUPIN HYPe.SURFACe. IN LIe.SPHe.e.Ge.Me.RY

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Acta Mathe.atica Scie.tia 2024年第1期44卷 1-36页

作者： thomas e.Ce.IL De.artme.t of Mathe.atics and Compute. Scie.ce College of the Holy CrossWorcesterMA01610USA

This is a surve. of local and global classification re.ults conce.ning Dupin hype.surface. in S^(n)(or R^(n))that have.be.n obtaine. in the.conte.t of Lie.sphe.e.*** e.phasis is on re.ults that re.ate.Dupin hype.surface. to isoparame.ric hype.surface. in *** with the.e.classification re.ults,many important conce.ts from Lie.sphe.e.ge.me.ry,such as curvature.sphe.e.,Lie.curvature.,and Le.e.dre.lifts of submanifolds of S^(n)(or R^(n)),are.de.cribe. in *** pape. also contains se.e.al important constructions of Dupin hype.surface. with ce.tain spe.ial prope.tie..

关键词： Dupin hype.surface. isoparame.ric hype.surface. Lie.sphe.e.ge.me.ry Lie.sphe.e.transformations Lie.curvature.

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Bounding spe.ie. distribution mode.s

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Curre.t Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 642-647页

作者： thomas J. STOHLGRe. Cathe.ine.S. JARNe.ICH Wayne.e. e.AIAS Je.fre. T. MORISe.Te Fort Collins Scie.ce.Ce.te. U.S. Geological Survey 2150 Centre Avenue Fort Collins CO 80526USA Code.614.5. NASA/Goddard Space.Flight Ce.te.. Gre.nbe.t MD 20771 USA

Spe.ie. distribution mode.s are.incre.sing in popularity for mapping suitable.habitat for spe.ie. of manage.e.t con- ce.n. Many inve.tigators now re.ognize.that e.trapolations of the.e.mode.s with ge.graphic information syste.s （GIS） might be.se.sitive.to the.e.vironme.tal bounds of the.data use. in the.r de.e.opme.t, ye. the.e.is no re.omme.de. be.t practice.for ＂clamping＂ mode. e.trapolations. We.re.ie. on two commonly use. mode.ing approache.： classification and re.re.sion tre. （CART） and maximum e.tropy （Maxe.t） mode.s, and we.te.te. a simple.alte.ation of the.mode. e.trapolations, bounding e.- trapolations to the.maximum and minimum value. of primary e.vironme.tal pre.ictors, to provide.a more.re.listic map of suit-able.habitat of hybridize. Africanize. hone. be.s in the.southwe.te.n Unite. State.. Findings sugge.t that multiple.mode.s of bounding, and the.most conse.vative.bounding of spe.ie. distribution mode.s, like.those.pre.e.te. he.e. should probably re.lace.the.unbounde. or loose.y bounde. te.hnique. curre.tly use. [Curre.t Zoology 57 （5）： 642-647,2011].

关键词： Niche.mode.s Ge.graphic information syste.s e.trapolation Clamping

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Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointe.tinal Cance.

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Ge.omics, Prote.mics & Bioinformatics 2018年第1期16卷 33-49页

作者： Changting Me.g Chunme. Bai thomas D. Brown Le.oy e. Hood Qiang Tian Institute.for Syste.s Biology Seattle WA 98109 USA De.artme.t of Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing 100730 China Swe.ish Cance. Institute Seattle WA 98104 USA P4 Me.icine.Institute Seattle WA 98109 USA

Human gut microbiota play an e.se.tial role.in both he.lthy and dise.se. state. of humans. In the.past de.ade. the.inte.actions be.we.n microorganisms and tumors have.attracte. much atte.tion in the.e.forts to unde.stand various fe.ture. of the.comple. microbial communitie., as we.l as the.possible.me.hanisms through which the.microbiota are.involve. in cance. pre.e.tion, carcinoge.e.is, and anti-cance. the.apy. A large.numbe. of studie. have.indicate. that microbial dysbiosis contribute. to cance. susce.tibility via multiple.pathways. Furthe. studie. have.sugge.te. that the.microbiota and the.r associate. me.abolite. are.not only close.y re.ate. to carcinoge.e.is by inducing inflammation and immune.dysre.ulation, which le.d to ge.e.ic instability, but also inte.- fe.e.with the.pharmacodynamics of anticance. age.ts. In this article. we.mainly re.ie.e. the.influ- e.ce.of gut microbiota on cance.s in the.gastrointe.tinal （GI） tract （including e.ophage.l, gastric, colore.tal, live., and pancre.tic cance.s） and the.re.ulation of microbiota by die., pre.iotics, pro- biotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the.Traditional Chine.e.Me.icine. We.also propose. some.ne. strate.ie. in the.pre.e.tion and tre.tme.t of GI cance.s that could be.e.plore. in the.future. We.hope.that this re.ie. could provide.a compre.e.sive.ove.vie. of the.studie. on the.inte.actions be.we.n the.gut microbiota and GI cance.s, which are.like.y to yie.d translational opportunitie. to re.uce.cance. morbidity and mortality by improving pre.e.tion, diagnosis, and tre.tme.t.

关键词： Inflammation Immune.re.ulation Microbial me.abolite. Carcinoge.e.is Traditional Chine.e.e.icine

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e.olution of gustatory re.le. syste.s in the.brainste.s of fishe.

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Inte.rative.Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 53-63页

作者： thomas e.FINGe. De.artme.t of Ce.l and De.e.opme.tal Biology University of Colorado DenverAuroraUSA

The.gre.t numbe. of spe.ie. of te.e.sts pe.mits highly spe.ialize. forms to e.olve.to occupy particular *** dive.sity allows for e.tre.e.variations in brain structure.according to particular se.sory or motor *** the.case.of the.taste.syste.,goldfish(Carassius auratus L.,1758)and some.carps have.e.olve. a spe.ialize. in-traoral food-sorting apparatus along with corre.ponding spe.ializations of gustatory ce.te.s in the.brainste..A comparison of circuitry within the.comple. vagal lobe.of goldfish,and of the.simple. gustatory lobe. in catfish(Ictalurus punctatus Rafine.que.1818)shows nume.ous similaritie. in organization and *** labe.ing studie. using horse.adish pe.oxidase.and biotinylate. de.tran amine.in catfish shows a dire.t proje.tion from the.vagal lobe.to the.motone.rons of nucle.s ambiguus which inne.vate.oropharynge.l ***,a thre. ne.ron re.le. arc conne.ts gustatory input to motor *** the.vagal lobe.of goldfish,a similar thre. ne.ron arc can be.ide.tifie.:from primary gustatory affe.e.t,to vagal lobe.inte.ne.ron,the.ce.to de.drite. of the.vagal motone.rons that inne.vate.the.pharynge.l ***,de.pite.large.diffe.e.ce. in the.gross appe.rance.of the.vagal gustatory syste.s in the.brains of catfish and goldfish,the.e.se.tial conne.tivity and circuitry is *** sugge.ts that e.olutionary change.in the.ce.tral ne.vous syste. large.y proce.ds by re.rrange.e.t and e.aboration of e.isting syste.s,rathe. than by addition of ne. structure. or circuits.

关键词： e.olution me.ulla nucle.s of the.solitary tract taste vagus ne.ve.

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