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Qidong: a crucible for studies on liver cancer etiology and prevention

Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 24-37页

作者： Jianguo Chen Jian Zhu Gaoren Wang John d.Groopman thomas W.Kensler department of Epidemiology Qidong Liver Cancer Institute department of Epidemiology Tumor Hospital Nantong University department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Public Health Sciences division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Qidong(Jiangsu, China) has been of interest to cancer epidemiologists and biologists because, until recently, it was an endemic area for liver cancer, having amongst the highest incidence rates in the world. The establishment of the Qidong Cancer Registry together with the Qidong Liver Cancer Institute in 1972 has charted the patterns of liver cancer incidence and mortality in a stable population throughout a period of enormous economic, social, and environmental changes as well as of improvements in health care delivery. Updated incidence trends in Qidong are described. Notably, the China age-standardized incidence rate for liver cancer has dropped by over 50% in the past several decades. Molecular epidemiologic and genomic deep sequencing studies have affirmed that infection with hepatitis B virus as well as dietary exposure to aflatoxins through contamination of dietary staples such as corn, and to microcystins–blue-green algal toxins found in ditch and pond water – were likely important etiologic factors that account for the high incidence of liver cancer in this region. Public health initiatives to facilitate universal vaccination of newborns against HBV and to improve drinking water sources in this rural area, as well as economic and social mandates serendipitously facilitating dietary diversity, have led to precipitous declines in exposures to these etiologic factors, concomitantly driving substantive declines in the liver cancer incidence seen now in Qidong. In this regard, Qidong serves as a template for the global impact that a package of intervention strategies may exert on cancer burden.

关键词： Liver cancer incidence hepatitis B virus aflatoxin microcystin screening chemoprevention mutational signature

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Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic,muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5813-5819页

作者： E Louise thomas Audrey E Brynes Gavin Hamilton Nayna Patel Adam Spong Robert d Goldin Gary Frost Jimmy d Bell Simon d Taylor-Robinson The Robert Steiner MR Unit MRC Clinical Sciences Centre department of Nutrition and dietetics The Robert Steiner MR Unit MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Du Cane Rd London W12 0HS United Kingdom and Histopathology Department Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom

AIM： To assess the effectiveness of the current UK clinical practice in reducing hepatic fat （IHCL）.METHOdS： Whole body MRI and IH MRS were obtained, before and after 6 mo nutritional counselling, from liver, soleus and tibialis muscles in 10 subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLd）.RESULTS： A 500 Kcal-restricted diet resulted in an average weight loss of 4% （-3.4 kg,） accompanied by significant reductions in most adipose tissue （AT） depots, including subcutaneous （-9.9%）, abdominal subcutaneous （-10.2%） and intra-abdominal- AT （-11.4%）. Intramyocellular lipids （IMCL） were significantly reduced in the tibialis muscle （-28.2%）. decreases in both IHCL （-39.9%） and soleus IMCL （-12.2%） content were also observed, although these were not significant. Several individuals showed dramatic decreases in IHCL, while others paradoxically showed increases in IHCL content. Changes in body composition were accompanied by improvements in certain liver function tests： serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）. Significant correlations were found between decreases in IHCL and reductions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous AT. Improvements in liver function tests were associated with reductions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with changes in IHCL. CONCLUSION： This study shows that even a very modest reduction in body weight achieved through lifestyle modification can result in changes in body fat depots and improvements in LETs.

关键词： Intra-abdominal adipose tissue Intrahepatic fat Intramyocellular lipids Weiqht loss Magnetic resonance imaging

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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its impairment in Alzheimer's disease

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Zoological Research 2022年第3期43卷 481-496页

作者： thomas A.Kim Michelle dSyty Kaitlyn Wu Shaoyu Ge department of Neurobiology&Behavior SUNY at Stony BrookStony BrookNY 11794USA Medical Scientist Training Program(MSTP) Renaissance School of Medicine at SUNYStony BrookStony BrookNY 11794USA

Adult neurogenesis is the creation of new neurons which integrate into the existing neural circuit of the adult *** evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN)persists throughout life in mammals,including *** newborn neurons have been implicated to have a crucial role in brain functions such as learning and ***,studies have also found that hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric ***’s disease(Ad)is one of the most common forms of dementia affecting millions of *** dysfunction is a common symptom of Ad patients and progressive memory loss has been attributed to the degeneration of the ***,there has been growing interest in identifying how hippocampal neurogenesis is affected in ***,the link between cognitive decline and changes in hippocampal neurogenesis in Ad is poorly *** this review,we summarized the recent literature on AHN and its impairments in Ad.

关键词： Hippocampal function Adult hippocampal neurogenesis Cognitive function Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease animal models

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A new institution devoted to insect science： The Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 426-428页

作者： Akito Y. Kawahara thomas C. Emmel Jacqueline Miller Andrew d. Warren McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The Florida Museum of Natural History＇s McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, has become one of the world＇s largest institutions for research on butterflies and moths, and an important research facility for insect science. The facility was constructed by combining the staff and merging the Lepidoptera holdings from the Allyn Museum of Entomology, the Florida State Collection of Arthropods and other University of Florida collections, and now includes over ten million specimens from all over the world, rivaling some of the largest Lepidoptera research collections globally. The facility includes a team of domestic and international researchers studying many areas of lepidopterology, including behavior, biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, genomics, physiology, systematics and taxonomy. In this paper, we introduce the McGuire Center, its staff, and the many research activities for researchers across entomological disciplines.

关键词： Florida Museum of Natural History Lepidoptera lepidopterology McGuireCenter moth new research facility

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Bowel endometriosis: Colorectal surgeon's perspective in a multidisciplinary surgical team

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15616-15623页

作者： Albert M Wolthuis Christel Meuleman Carla Tomassetti thomas d'Hooghe Anthony de Buck van Overstraeten André d'Hoore department of Abdominal Surgery University Hospital Leuven Leuven University Fertility Centre department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Leuven

Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that presents as endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus and induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. Up to 15% of women in their reproductive period are affected by this condition. deep endometriosis is defined as endometriosis located more than 5 mm beneath the peritoneal surface. This type of endometriosis is mostly found on the uterosacral ligaments, inside the rectovaginal septum or vagina, in the rectosigmoid area, ovarian fossa, pelvic peritoneum, ureters, and bladder, causing a distortion of the pelvic anatomy. The frequency of bowel endometriosis is unknown, but in cases of bowel infiltration, about 90% are localized on the sigmoid colon or the rectum. Colorectal involvement results in alterations of bowel habits such as constipation, diarrhea, tenesmus, dyschezia, and, rarely, rectal *** diagnosis must be made in case of irritable bowel syndrome,solitary rectal ulcer syndrome,and a rectal tumor.A precise diagnosis about the presence,location,and extent of endometriosis is necessary to plan surgical *** laparoscopic treatment has become the standard of *** on the size of the lesion and site of involvement,fullthickness disc excision or bowel resection needs to be performed by an experienced colorectal *** outcomes,following bowel resection for severe endometriosis,regarding pain and recurrence rate are good with a pregnancy rate of 50%.

关键词： Endometriosis Colorectal endometriosis deeply infiltrative endometriosis Laparoscopy diagno-sis Treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第22期26卷 2931-2947页

作者： Tea L Laursen thomas d Sandahl Konstantin Kazankov Jacob George Henning Gronbæk department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus N DK-8200Denmark Storr Liver Centre Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmead HospitalSydney NSW 2145Australia University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145Australia

More than five years ago,the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection was revolutionized with the introduction of all-oral direct-acting antiviral(dAA)*** proved highly efficient in curing patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),including patients with *** new dAA treatments were alleged to induce significant improvements in clinical outcome and prognosis,but the exact cause of the expected benefit was ***,little was known about how the underlying liver disease would be affected during and after viral *** this review,we describe and discuss the liver-related effects of the new treatments in regards to both pathophysiological aspects,such as macrophage activation,and the time-dependent effects of therapy,with specific emphasis on inflammation,structural liver changes,and liver function,as these factors are all related to morbidity and mortality in CHC *** seems clear that antiviral therapy,especially the achievement of a sustained virologic response has several beneficial effects on liver-related parameters in CHC patients with advanced liver fibrosis or *** seems to be a timedependent effect of dAA therapy with viral clearance and the resolution of liver inflammation followed by more discrete changes in structural liver *** improvements lead to favorable effects on liver function,followed by an improvement in cognitive dysfunction and portal ***,the data provide knowledge on the several beneficial effects of dAA therapy on liverrelated parameters in CHC patients suggesting short-and long-term improvements in the underlying disease with the promise of an improved longterm prognosis.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Antiviral treatment Inflammation Liver fibrosis Liver cirrhosis Metabolic liver function Galactose elimination capacity Urea synthesis capacity Portal hypertension Hepatic encephalopathy

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Is thirty-seven years sufficient for full return of the ant biota following restoration?

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 183-194页

作者： Jonathan d Majer Brian Heterick thomas Gohr Elliot Hughes Lewis Mounsher Andrew Grigg Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate Curtin UniversityPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia Alcoa of Australia Ltd PO Box 172PinjarraWA 6208Australia

Introduction:An assessment of whether rehabilitated mine sites have resulted in natural or novel ecosystems requires monitoring over considerable periods of time or the use of space-for-time substitution(chronosequence)***:To provide an assessment of ecosystem recovery in areas mined for bauxite in 1975,the ant fauna of one area planted with Eucalyptus resinifera,one seeded with mixed native species,one topsoiled but unrestored,and a forest reference was subjected to a‘long-term’study by sampling monthly and latterly annually between 1976 and 1989 using pitfall *** plots were resampled in 2012.A companion‘short-term’chronosequence study was performed in 1979 in 28 bauxite mines of various ages and restored by a range of different methods,plus three forest *** order to examine the assertion that the observed differences between restored areas and forest references will lessen with time,sampling using comparable methods was repeated in 2012 in seven of the original plots,representing progressive advances in rehabilitation technology:planted pines;planted eastern states eucalypts;planted native eucalypts;planted eucalypts over seeded understorey;and planted eucalypts on fresh,double-stripped topsoil,plus two forest reference ***:Ant and other invertebrate richness in the long-term study was initially superior in the seeded plot,with little difference between the planted and unplanted *** was concluded that although composition of the ant fauna had converged on that of the forest over the 14-year period,differences still *** 2012 resampling revealed that ant species richness and composition had deteriorated in the seeded plot,while values in the unplanted plot,which now supported naturally colonised trees and an understorey,had *** between all rehabilitated plots and forest still *** with the long-term study,the rate of fauna return and the type of ants present in the short-term study p

关键词： Bauxite mining Ant bioindicator Long-term study Chronosequence Seeding Planting Succession

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Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2010年第1期3卷 2-20页

作者： thomas Vogt Leibniz-lnstitute of Plant Biochemistry Department of Secondary Metabolism Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany

The general phenylpropanoid metabolism generates an enormous array of secondary metabolites based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway as the core unit. The resulting hydroxycinnamic acids and esters are am- plified in several cascades by a combination of reductases, oxygenases, and transferases to result in an organ and devel- opmentally specific pattern of metabolites, characteristic for each plant species. during the last decade, methodology driven targeted and non-targeted approaches in several plant species have enabled the identification of the participating enzymes of this complex biosynthetic machinery, and revealed numerous genes, enzymes, and metabolites essential for regulation and compartmentation. Considerable success in structural and computational biology, combined with the an- alytical sensitivity to detect even trace compounds and smallest changes in the metabolite, transcript, or enzyme pattern, has facilitated progress towards a comprehensive view of the plant response to its biotic and abiotic environment. Trans- genic approaches have been used to reveal insights into an apparently redundant gene and enzyme pattern required for functional integrity and plasticity of the various phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways. Nevertheless, the function and impact of all members of a gene family remain to be completely established. This review aims to give an update on the various facets of the general phenylpropanoid pathway, which is not only restricted to common lignin or flavonoid biosynthesis, but feeds into a variety of other aromatic metabolites like coumarins, phenolic volatiles, or hydrolyzable tannins.

关键词： Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway flavonoid anthocyanin tannin coumarin volatiles lignin.

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Locoregional therapies and their effects on the tumoral microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第13期28卷 1288-1303页

作者： thomas Lambin Cyril Lafon Robert Andrew drainville Mathieu Pioche Frédéric Prat LabTAU INSERMCentre Léon BérardUniversitéLyon 1Univ LyonLyon 69003France department of Gastroenterology Hospices Civils de LyonEdouard Herriot HospitalLyon 69008France Service d’Endoscopie digestive Hôpital BeaujonAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisClichy 92110France INSERM U1016 Institut CochinUniversitéde ParisParis 75014France

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PdAC) is expected to become the second leading cause of death from cancer by 2030. despite intensive research in the field of therapeutics, the 5-year overall survival is approximately 8%, with only 20% of patients eligible for surgery at the time of diagnosis. The tumoral microenvironment(TME) of the PdAC is one of the main causes for resistance to antitumoral treatments due to the presence of tumor vasculature, stroma, and a modified immune response. The TME of PdAC is characterized by high stiffness due to fibrosis, with hypo microvascular perfusion, along with an immunosuppressive environment that constitutes a barrier to effective antitumoral treatment. While systemic therapies often produce severe side effects that can alter patients’ quality of life, locoregional therapies have gained attention since their action is localized to the pancreas and can thus alleviate some of the barriers to effective antitumoral treatment due to their physical effects. Local hyperthermia using radiofrequency ablation and radiation therapy-most commonly using a local high single dose-are the two main modalities holding promise for clinical efficacy. Recently, irreversible electroporation and focused ultrasound-derived cavitation have gained increasing attention. To date, most of the data are limited to preclinical studies, but ongoing clinical trials may help better define the role of these locoregional therapies in the management of PdAC patients.

关键词： Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Tumoral microenvironment Stroma Hyperthermia Radiation therapy High-intensity focused ultrasound

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Associations between Bodyweight and Clinical Outcome in Patients Post-Fontan Procedure: A Systematic Review

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Congenital Heart disease 2022年第6期17卷 617-639页

作者： Emma Payne thomas Wilson Marjan Haghighi Zoe McCallum Yves d’Udekem Julian Ayer The University of Sydney SydneyAustralia The University of Melbourne MelbourneAustralia The Royal Children’s Hospital MelbourneAustralia The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital SydneyAustralia The Children’s National Hospital WashingtonUSA

Background: Patients born with a single ventricle circulation commonly experience growth failure in early life,which is associated with adverse outcomes in infancy. However, associations between bodyweight or weight trajectoryand clinical outcome post-Fontan procedure are yet to be determined. Methods: On the 1st of July 2021, asystematic review was performed in MEdLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus of studies of patientswith clinical outcome data post-Fontan procedure and association with bodyweight. Quality of studies was evaluatedby Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cohort studies and Joanna Briggs Institute tool for cross-sectional ***: Of 527 studies that underwent title and abstract screening, 15 were selected for final review. An increasedrisk of adverse post-Fontan outcomes was found for low weight patients, consistent with findings in *** there is some evidence to suggest increased mortality in overweight adult patients, studies are conflictingas to whether overweight status is associated with increased heart failure. Increased BMI is associated with diminishedexercise capacity and deceased physiological functioning. Negative weight trajectory is associated withadverse outcomes in the peri-Fontan period, whereas a positive weight trajectory is associated with increased Fontanfailure in adulthood. Abnormal BMI (high or low) is associated with increased heart failure and poorer performancein quality-of-life scores. Conclusions: Bodyweight is a modifiable risk factor for poor clinical outcomein patients with a single ventricle circulation. Recognizing associations between bodyweight and Fontan pathophysiologymay help to define patient-centered exercise and diet interventions that minimize patient morbidityand mortality.

关键词： Fontan bodyweight congenital heart disease single ventricle

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