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Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第22期14卷 3476-3483页

作者： Sanjeev R Mehta E Louise thomas Jimmy d Bell desmond G Johnston Simon d Taylor-Robinson division of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Campus Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom Imaging Sciences depart-ment Division of Clinical Sciences Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road London W12 OHS United Kingdom

Hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo 1H MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method forthe quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions.

关键词： Adipose tissue Ectopic fat Hepatic fat Insulin resistance Ultrasound Computerised tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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development of German-Ukrainian cooperations for education and research in photogrammetry and laser scanning

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第1期24卷 152-159,I0016页

作者： thomas Luhmann Institute for Applied Sciences and Geoinformatics Jade University of Applied Sciences OldenburgOldenburgGermany

Since 2011 an intensive international cooperation has been in place between the Institute for Applied Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics(IAPG)at the Jade University of Applied Sciences in Oldenburg,Germany,and various Ukrainian *** an initial contact by *** Konecny,the first visit was organized,and was followed by many *** subsequent years an intensive cooperation was established particularly with the National University for Construction and Architecture(KNUCA)in *** addition to architects and civil engineers,KNUCA also trains geodesists,geo-information scientists and landscape *** cooperation today includes the reciprocal exchange of scientists and students,research projects,courses and cooperation at many other *** addition,a commercial company has been established,SPM3d LLC,which now employs more than 14 engineers in the field of 3d acquisition,point cloud processing and *** article summarizes the history of the cooperation and presents the results of associated student *** addition,results of joint work on the development of a virtual laser scanner are presented,part of a German-Ukrainian initiative to digitize teaching.

关键词： Internationalization technology transfer curricula reform photogrammetry laser scanning e-learning

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Trajectory sampling and finite-size effects in first-principles stopping power calculations

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 238-246页

作者： Alina Kononov thomas W.Hentschel Stephanie B.Hansen Andrew d.Baczewski Center for Computing Research Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNMUSA School of Applied&Engineering Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Pulsed Power Sciences Center Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNMUSA

Real-time time-dependent density functional theory(TddFT)is presently the most accurate available method for computing electronic stopping powers from first ***,obtaining application-relevant results often involves either costly averages over multiple calculations or ad hoc selection of a representative ion *** consider a broadly applicable,quantitative metric for evaluating and optimizing trajectories in this *** methodology enables rigorous analysis of the failure modes of various common trajectory choices in crystalline *** randomly selecting trajectories is common practice in stopping power calculations in solids,we show that nearly 30%of random trajectories in an FCC aluminum crystal will not representatively sample the material over the time and length scales feasibly simulated with TddFT,and unrepresentative choices incur errors of up to 60%.We also show that finite-size effects depend on ion trajectory via“ouroboros”effects beyond the prevailing plasmon-based interpretation,and we propose a cost-reducing scheme to obtain converged results even when expensive core-electron contributions preclude large *** work helps to mitigate poorly controlled approximations in first-principles stopping power calculations,allowing 1–2 order of magnitude cost reductions for obtaining representatively averaged and converged results.

关键词： size prevailing selecting

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Evaluation of the propensity of strain burst in brittle granite based on post-peak energy analysis

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Underground Space 2021年第1期6卷 1-11页

作者： Selahattin Akdag Murat Karakus Giang d.Nguyen Abbas Taheri thomas Bruning School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

The increasing demand for resources and depletion of near ground mineral resources caused deeper mining operations under highstress rock mass *** a result of this,strain burst,which is the sudden release of stored strain energy in the surrounding rock mass,has become more prevalent and created a considerable threat to workers and construction *** is,therefore,imperative to understand how strain burst mechanism and stored excess strain energy are affected due to the high confinement in deep underground *** this purpose,post-peak energy distributions for brittle rocks were investigated using a newly developed energy calculation method associated with acoustic emission(AE).A series of quasi-static uniaxial and triaxial compression tests controlled by the circumferential expansion were ***-back behaviour known as Class-II behaviour associated with energy evolution and the material response under self-sustaining failure were analysed on granites under a wide range of confining pressures(0–60 MPa).The experimental results underline that the energy evolution characteristics are strongly linked to *** elastic strain energy(dUE),energy consumed by dominating cohesion weakening(dUCW)and energy dissipated during mobilisation of frictional failure(dUFM)showed a rising trend as the confining pressure was *** intrinsic ejection velocity was proposed to express the propensity of strain burst that was purely determined by the excess strain energy released from Class II rock.

关键词： Strain burst Energy balance Class II failure mode Self-sustaining failure Triaxial compression test Circumferential strain control

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Modeling the oxidative consumption of curcumin from controlled released poly(betaamino ester)microparticles in the presence of a free radical generating system

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第4期6卷 201-210页

作者： Carolyn T.Jordan J.Zach Hilt thomas d.dziubla department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA

despite the promise of its therapeutic benefits,curcumin as a free molecule has failed to demonstrate significant clinical ***,its inherently poor stability and rapid clearance is a significant reason for these negative *** incorporation of curcumin into the backbone of a crosslinked hydrogel that utilizes poly(beta-amino ester)(PBAE)chemistry can provide a tunable protective network with the ability to release at a controlled rate while improving its therapeutic *** of curcumin conjugated PBAE microparticles controlled release delivery system in the presence of oxidative environments was studied for the first time,where consumption rates of active curcumin and release products were *** constituent amount of curcumin present in solution was improved by incorporating the active into the network in comparison to curcumin as a free *** curcumin conjugated PBAE microparticles will provide a design platform to improve translation and overall success in delivering a therapeutic agent that matches levels of oxidative stress.

关键词： oxidative stress wound healing oral mucositis drug delivery

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Epigenetics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:A clinicopathologic perspective

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第9期9卷 341-353页

作者： Brendan M Finnerty Katherine d Gray Maureen d Moore Rasa Zarnegar thomas J FaheyⅢ department of Surgery New York Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065United States

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NETs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors whose site-specific tumor incidence and clinical behavior vary widely. Genetic alterations associated with familial inherited syndromes have been well defined; however, the genetic profile of sporadic tumors is less clear as their tumorigenesis does not appear to be controlled by classic oncogenes such as P53, RB, or KRAS. Even within GEP-NETs, there are no common oncogenic drivers; for example, dAXX/ATRX mutations are strongly implicated in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic but not small bowel NETs. Accordingly, the dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been hypothesized as a potential regulator of GEPNET tumorigenesis and has become a major focus of recent studies. despite the heterogeneity of tumor cohorts evaluated in these studies, it is obvious that there are methylation patterns, chromatin remodeling alterations, and microR NA and long non-coding RNA(lncR NA) differential expression profiles that are distinctive of GEPNETs, some of which are correlated with significant differences in clinical outcomes. Several translational studies have provided convincing data identifying potential prognostic biomarkers, and some of these have demonstrated preliminary success as serum biomarkers that can be used clinically. Nevertheless, there are many opportunities to further define the mechanisms by which these epigenetic modifications influence tumorigenesis, and this will provide better insight into their prognostic and therapeutic utility. Furthermore, these findings form the foundation for future studies evaluating the clinical efficacy of epigenetic modifications as prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： Epigenetics Carcinoid Neuroendocrine MicroRNA Methylation Histone modifications Chromatin remodeling LncRNA

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Magnetohydrostatic modeling of the solar atmosphere

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1710-1726页

作者： ZHU XiaoShuai NEUKIRCH thomas WIEGELMANN thomas State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung G¨ottingen 37077Germany

Understanding structures and evolutions of the magnetic fields and plasma in multiple layers on the Sun is very important. A force-free magnetic field which is an accurate approximation of the solar corona due to the low plasma β has been widely studied and used to model the coronal magnetic structure. While the force-freeness assumption is well satisfied in the solar corona, the lower atmosphere is not force-free given the high plasma β. Therefore, a magnetohydrostatic(MHS) equilibrium which takes into account plasma forces, such as pressure gradient and gravitational force, is considered to be more appropriate to describe the lower atmosphere. This paper reviews both analytical and numerical extrapolation methods based on the MHS assumption for calculating the magnetic fields and plasma in the solar atmosphere from measured magnetograms.

关键词： magnetic field photosphere chromosphere corona

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Morphological differences of hindlimb levers between wild and farmed American mink(Neovison vison)and implications for reintroduction of mustelids

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 867-875页

作者： Jian Sun Xiaoli Zhou Yanchun Xu Yan Hua thomas d.dahmer Shuhui Yang College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityNo.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China State Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Center of Engineering Technology for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization of China No.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China State Forestry and Grassland Administration detecting Center of Wildlife No.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China Ecosystems Ltd Hong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Reintroduction is an important strategy to restore or re-establish wild populations of endangered ***-release training is a necessary step to ensure postreintroduction ***,studies reported contradicting outcomes after pre-release training of juveniles and *** study used farmed and feral American mink(Neovison vison)to analyze the influence of captive breeding on the morphology,structure and efficiency of the two major hindlimb levers,the femur and tibia pivoted by hip and knee joints that are essential for *** showed that captive breeding did not alter the sexual dimorphism of the two levers that are related to survival in the ***-bred mink showed slightly altered morphology of the femur and fundamental structure of the hindlimb levers that improved efficiency,but this resulted in reduction of performance related to foraging in both terrestrial and aquatic environments,especially for *** findings suggest that reintroduction of mustelid as exampled by the mink here should focus on juveniles because the skeletal alterations associated with captive rearing were recorded only among adults and are irreversible in *** contrast,captive-reared juveniles showed no skeletal alterations and would be expected to recovery from any atrophy of the muscular system caused by captive rearing for shorter *** results support the application of pre-release training of juveniles in enriched environments as a method for alleviating structural alteration of appendages and enhancing locomotion to increase survival probability in complex habitats.

关键词： Hindlimb lever Morphology American mink Neovison vison Reintroduction

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Sex chromosome turnover and biodiversity in fishes

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第12期51卷 1351-1360页

作者： Jingrong Wang Wenjing Tao thomas dKocher deshou Wang Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China(CHONGQING)Science City Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development(Ministry of Education)Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

The impact of sex chromosomes and their turnover in speciation remains a subject of ongoing debate in the field of evolutionary *** are the largest group of vertebrates,and they exhibit unparalleled sexual plasticity,as well as diverse sex-determining(Sd)genes,sex chromosomes,and sex-determination *** diversity is hypothesized to be associated with the frequent turnover of sex chromosomes in *** it is evident that amh and amhr2 are repeatedly and independently recruited as Sd genes,their relationship with the rapid turnover of sex chromosomes and the biodiversity of fishes remains *** summarize the canonical models of sex chromosome turnover and highlight the vital roles of gene mutation and hybridization with empirical *** revisit Haldane’s rule and the large Xeffect and propose the hypothesis that sex chromosomes accelerate speciation by multiplying genotypes via *** integrating recent findings on the turnover of Sd genes,sex chromosomes,and sexdetermination systems in fish species,this review provides insights into the relationship between sex chromosome evolution and biodiversity in fishes.

关键词： Sex determination Sex chromosome turnover Gene mutation Hybridization Speciation

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Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2018年第1期16卷 33-49页

作者： Changting Meng Chunmei Bai thomas d. Brown Leroy E. Hood Qiang Tian Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA 98109 USA department of Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing 100730 China Swedish Cancer Institute Seattle WA 98104 USA P4 Medicine Institute Seattle WA 98109 USA

Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also inter- fere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influ- ence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal （GI） tract （including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers） and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, pro- biotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

关键词： Inflammation Immune regulation Microbial metabolites Carcinogenesis Traditional ChineseMedicine

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