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Muscle function, physical performance and body composition changes in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 204-221页

作者： thomas W Storet Renee Miciek thomas G Travison Section of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA 02118 USA

Prostate cancer （PCa） is the most common visceral malignancy in men with androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） the preferred therapy to suppress testosterone production and hence tumor growth. Despite its effectiveness in lowering testosterone, ADT is associated with side effects including loss of muscle mass, diminished muscle strength, decrements in physical performance, earlier fatigue and declining quality of life. This review reports a survey of the literature with a focus on changes in muscle strength, physical function and body composition, due to short-term and long-term ADT. Studies in these areas are sparse, especially well-controlled, prospective randomized trials. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data （up to 2 years） for men with PCa treated with ADT as well as patients with PCa not receiving ADT and age-matched healthy men are presented when available. Based on limited longitudinal data, the adverse effects of ADT on muscle function, physical performance and body composition occur shortly after the onset of ADT and tend to persist and worsen over time. Exercise training is a safe and effective intervention for mitigating these changes and initial guidelines for exercise program design for men with PCa have been published by the American College of Sports Medicine. Disparities in study duration, types of studies and other patient-specific variables such as time since diagnosis, cancer stage and comorbidities may all affect an understanding of the influence of ADT on health, physical performance and mortality.

关键词： androgen deprivation therapy androgen suppression exercise prescription exercise training functional assessment lean body mass older men prostate cancer

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A plant-based diet and animal protein： questioning dietary fat and consideringanimal protein as the main cause of heart disease

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第5期14卷 331-337页

作者： thomas Colin Campbell Emeritus of Nutritional Biochemistry Cornell University 8 Fiddlers Green Lansing NY 14882 USA.

Dietary ＇fat＇（e.g., oils, triglycerides, cholesterol） haslong been considered a major risk factor for cardiovascularand related diseases. As reviewed elsewhere,Vogel in1847 identified cholesterol as a major compo... 详细信息

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Dietary protein

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Traditional grazing management creates heterogeneous swards and fosters grasshopper densities

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Insect Science 2022年第6期29卷 1805-1818页

作者： Cinja Schwarz thomas Fartmann Department of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Biology and ChemistryOsnabruck UniversityOsnabruckGermany

Common pastures were once the dominant type of land use in many Euro-pean ***,during the past 150 years,they have declined *** studies have shown that they are hotspots for rare plant,butterfly,and bird species in the study area,the Bavarian pre-Alps(southern Germany).However,studies on the value of these pastures for Orthoptera(hereinafter termed"grasshoppers")have been ***,we studied the effects of traditional summer grazing in common pastures on grasshopper *** study revealed that grasshopper species richness did not differ between common pastures(n=57)and controls(n=57).By contrast,density of all and of threat-ened species varied between common pastures and controls in all plots and within the two vegetation types with the highest grasshopper abundance,grasslands on mineral soil and *** threatened species,Pseudochorthippus montanus and Stethophyma grossum,were identified as indicators for common pastures;controls had no indicative *** low-intensity grazing in common pastures has resulted in open and heteroge-neous swards with some bare ground,a low cover of litter and an intermediate vegetation height favouring high densities of grasshopper species in general and threatened species in *** is especially true for the two most productive vegetation types,grasslands on mineral soil and *** promote biodiversity in general and grasshopper densities in particular,we recommend maintaining traditional cattle grazing(stocking capacities:0.5-2.0 livestock units/ha)in common *** possible,this grazing regime should also be introduced in the surrounding landscape.

关键词： biodiversity conservation common pasture habitat heterogeneity insect abundance land-usechange mire ecosystem

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Progress in Research and Development of Molten Chloride Salt Technology for Next Generation Concentrated Solar Power Plants

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Engineering 2021年第3期7卷 334-347页

作者： Wenjin Ding thomas Bauer Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center(DLR) Suttgart 70569Germany Institute of Enginering Thermodynamics Cemman Aerospace Center(DL.R)Cologne 51147Germany

Concentrated solar power(CSP)plants with thermal energy storage(TES)system are emerging as one kind of the most promising power plants in the future renewable energy system,since they can supply dispatchable and low-cost electricity with abundant but intermittent solar *** order to significantly reduce the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)of the present commercial CSP plants,the next generation CSP technology with higher process temperature and energy efficiency is being *** TES system in the next generation CSP plants works with new TES materials at higher temperatures(>565℃)compared to that with the commercial nitrate salt *** paper reviews recent progressin research and development of the next generation CSP and TES *** is given on theadvanced'TES technology based on molten chloride salt mixtures such as MgCl_(2)/NaCl/KCl which hassimilar thermo-physical properties as the commercial nitrate salt mixtures,higher thermal stability(>800℃),and lower costs(<0.35USD·kg^(-1)).Recent progress in the selection/optimization of chloridesalts,determination of molten chloride salt properties,and corrosion control of construction materials(eg.,alloys)in molten chlorides is reviewed.

关键词： Solar energy Concentrated solarpower(CSP) Thermal energystorage(TES) Heat transferfluid(HTF) Supercritical carbondioxide(sCO2)power cycle Corrosion control

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Insights into carbon dioxide sequestration into coal seams through coupled gas flow-adsorption-deformation modelling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 26-40页

作者： Hywel thomas Min Chen Geoenvironmental Research Centre Cardiff School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityQueen’s BuildingsThe ParadeNewport RoadCardiffCF243AAUK Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

Injecting carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into coal seams may unlock substantial carbon sequestration *** the coal acts like a carbon filter,it can preferentially absorb significant amounts of CO_(2).To explore this further,desorption of the adsorbed gas due to pressure drop is investigated in this paper,to achieve an improved understanding of the long-term fate of injected CO_(2) during post-injection *** paper presents a dual porosity model coupling gas flow,adsorption and geomechanics for studying coupled processes and effectiveness of CO_(2) sequestration in coals.A new adsorption?desorption model derived based on thermodynamics is incorporated,particularly,the desorption hysteresis is *** reliability of the proposed adsorption-desorption isotherm is examined via validation *** is indicated that occurrence of desorption hysteresis is attributed to the adsorption-induced pore *** injection ceases,the injected gas continues to propagate further from the injection well,while the pressure in the vicinity of the injection well experiences a significant *** the adsorbed gas near the well also decreases,this decrease is less compared to that in pressure because of desorption *** unceasing spread of CO_(2) and drops of pressure and adsorbed gas depend on the degree of desorption hysteresis and heterogeneity of coals,which should be considered when designing CO_(2) sequestration into coal seams.

关键词： CO_(2)geological storage Coal seam Adsorption Desorption hysteresis

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Complexities and pitfalls in analyzing and interpreting mitochondrial DNA content in human cancer

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2020年第7期47卷 349-359页

作者： Hieu Nguyen thomas LaFramboise Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology(VRSIG) 458 M inh KhaiVinh TuyHai Ba TrungHanoiViet Nam Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine10900 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH44106USA

Mutations in the human mitochondrial genome have been observed in all types of human cancer,indicating that mutations might contribute to tumorigenesis,metastasis,recurrence,or drug *** possibility is appealing because of the known shift from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis,known as the Warburg effect,that occurs in *** DNA(mtDNA)mutations could either bematernally inherited and predispose to cancer(germ line mutations)or occur sporadically in the mtDNA of specific tissues(rissue-or tumor-specific somatic mutations)and contribute to the tumor initiation and progression ***-throughput sequencing technologies now enable comprehensive detection of mtDNA variation in tissues and bodily fluids,with the potential to be used as an early detectiontool that may impact the treatment of ***,we discuss insights into the roles of mtDNA mutations in carcinogenesis,highlighting the complexities involved in the analysis and interpretation of mitochondrial genomic *** challenges in studying their contribution to pathogenesis,and the value of mtDNA mutations in developing early detection,diagnosis,prognosis,and therapeuticstrategics for cancer.

关键词： Mitochondrial DNA Cancer Genetic variation

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The Effect of Natural Hazard Damage on Manufacturing Value Added and the Impact of Spatiotemporal Data Variations on the Results

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 691-704页

作者： Douglas thomas Jennifer Helgeson National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD 20899USA

This study examined the effect of natural hazards on manufacturing industry value added and the sensitivity of the results from changes to spatiotemporal resolution of the *** measured the negative effects of hazards,rather than the net *** models were developed with varying spatio temporal units for the continental United States:annual/county units;annual/state units;and quarterly/state *** simulations were run using each model to estimate the negative effect of damage from all natural hazards on value added across spatiotemporal ***,an investment analysis was conducted to examine the return from public investments in hazard *** results do not demonstrate that,locally,natural hazards reduce value ***,the evidence suggests that natural hazards in the upstream supply chain have statistically significant impact when modeled at the annual/county scale and at the quarterly/state *** local nor supply chain hazards have a statistically significant effect when modeled at the annual/state scale,suggesting that broader spatiotemporal units may obscure the true downstream effects of natural *** investment analysis,utilizing model results,suggests that an investment of USD 100 billion or less is economical if it results in a reduction in losses of 10% or more.

关键词： Manufacturing Natural hazards Spatiotemporal impacts United States Value added

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF DUPIN HYPERSURFACES IN LIE SPHERE GEOMETRY

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第1期44卷 1-36页

作者： thomas E.CECIL Department of Mathematics and Computer Science College of the Holy CrossWorcesterMA01610USA

This is a survey of local and global classification results concerning Dupin hypersurfaces in S^(n)(or R^(n))that have been obtained in the context of Lie sphere *** emphasis is on results that relate Dupin hypersurfaces to isoparametric hypersurfaces in *** with these classification results,many important concepts from Lie sphere geometry,such as curvature spheres,Lie curvatures,and Legendre lifts of submanifolds of S^(n)(or R^(n)),are described in *** paper also contains several important constructions of Dupin hypersurfaces with certain special properties.

关键词： Dupin hypersurfaces isoparametric hypersurfaces Lie sphere geometry Lie sphere transformations Lie curvatures

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Daily activity rhythms, chronotypes, and risk-taking behavior in the signal crayfish

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 177-183页

作者： Valerio SBRAGAGLIA thomas BREITHAUPT Department of Marine Renewable Resources Marine Science Institute(ICM-CSIC)Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta3708003 BarcelonaSpain Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes Leibniz-lnstitute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesMüggelseedamm 31012587 BerlinGermany Department of Biological and Marine Sciences University of HullCottingham RoadHull HU67RXUK

Consistent inter-individual differences in daily activity rhythms(i.e.,chronotypes)can have ecological consequences in determining access to food resources and avoidance of *** most common measure to characterize chronotypes in animals as well as humans is the onset of activity(i.e.,early or late chronotypes).However,daily activity rhythms may also differ in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time ***,chronotypes may also be linked to other consistent inter-individual differences in behavior(i.e.,personality),such as the propensity to take ***,we used the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculusto test the presence of chronotypes and risk-taking personality traits and a potential behavioral syndrome between these *** first exposed crayfish to 5 days of light-darkness to measure daily activity rhythms and then we applied a visual predator-simulating stimulus in 2 different contexts(neutral and food).Our results showed consistent(i.e.,across 5 days)inter-individual differences in the relative nocturnal activity displayed in the early and middle,but not in the late part of darkness ***,while crayfish displayed inter-individual differences in risk-taking behavior,these were not found to be consistent across 2 ***,we were not able to formally test a behavioral syndrome between these 2 *** conclusion,our study provides the first evidence of chronotypes in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time *** could be a valuable information for applied ecological aspects related to the signal crayfish,which is a major invasive species of freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome biological rhythms boldness feeding locomotor activity

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Exact orbital-free kinetic energy functional for general many-electron systems

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第2期15卷 87-92页

作者： thomas Pope Werner Hofer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE17RUUnited Kingdom School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The exact form of the kinetic energy functional has remained elusive in orbital-free models of density functional theory(DFT).This has been the main stumbling block for the development of a general-purpose framework on this ***,we show that on the basis of a two-density model,which represents many-electron systems by mass density and spin density components,we can derive the exact form of such a *** exact functional is shown to contain previously suggested functionals to some extent,with the notable exception of the thomas-Fermi kinetic energy functional.

关键词： condensed matter density functional theory(DFT) extended electrons

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