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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第5期14卷 331-337页

作者： thomas Colin Campbell Emeritus of Nutritional Biochemistry Cornell University 8 Fiddlers Green Lansing NY 14882 USA.

Dietary ＇fat＇（e.g., oils, triglycerides, cholesterol） haslong been considered a major risk factor for cardiovascularand related diseases. As reviewed elsewhere,Vogel in1847 identified cholesterol as a major compo... 详细信息

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Dietary protein

An integrative insight into the synsacral canal of fossil and extant Antarctic penguins

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 237-253页

作者： Piotr JADWISZCZAK Anders SVENSSON-MARCIAL thomas MÖRS Faculty of Biology University of BialystokBialystokPoland Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology at Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden Department of Palaeobiology Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden

The lumbosacral-canal system in birds most likely operates as a sense organ involved in the control of balanced walking and perching,but our knowledge of it is superﬁcial.Penguins constitute interesting objects for the study of this system due to their upright walking,but only the Humboldt penguin,Spheniscus humboldti,and some incomplete fossil penguin synsacra have been studied in this respect.Here,we give an integrative comparative in-sight into the synsacral canal of extant Emperor penguin,Aptenodytes forsteri,Adelie penguin,Pygoscelis adeliae,and Eocene giant Anthropornis and/or Palaeeudyptes Antarctic penguins,using computed tomography imaging and associated data-extraction methodologies,complemented by analytical approaches ranging from geometric morphometrics to modularity,curvature,and wavelet analyses.We document that the variability in the number of synsacro-lumbar vertebrae is evolutionarily conserved,and all studied synsacra possess osteological correlates of the lumbosacral-canal system.We also found that Eocene and extant Antarctic penguins were separable on the basis of the main direction of the shape-related(size-independent)variability within said system,and A.forsteri was unique in the entire studied set in terms of the relative cranial shift of this compound structure.Moreover,we suggest that the evolutionary processes,shaping both the terrestrial posture and gait,were responsible,in extant penguins,for the increased simplicity and stability of the synsacral canal cross-sectional periodic patterns,as well as pave the way for the lumbosacral-canal system modularity characterized by reduced atomization/complexity.

关键词： Antarctica Cenozoic lumbosacral canals Sphenisciformes synsacrum

Metasurfaces help lasers to mode-lock

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1384-1386页

作者： Basudeb Sain thomas Zentgraf Department of Physics Paderborn University33098 PaderbornGermany

Metasurface saturable absorbers may result in versatile mode-locking that allows one to obtain stable ultrashort laser pulses with high repetition rates and peak powers,along with broadband operation,within fiber to s... 详细信息

关键词： laser fiber ultrashort

Applied biodiversity science in China in the global context

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 62-65页

作者： thomas M.Brooks Xinsheng Zhang International Union for Conservation of Nature

In 2021, the city of Kunming in Yunnan Province, China,will host the fifteenth meeting of Conference of Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The meeting is expected to be the pivotal moment at which the world’s governments agree on a new ‘Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework’(https://www.***.int/conferences/post2020). The framework is anticipated to be structured around a small number of outcome goals for 2050—a compelling case has been made that these should include explicit goals for ecosystems, species,genetic diversity and the contributions which nature makes to people [1].

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Numerical Visualization of Grease Flow in a Gearbox

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第2期36卷 220-233页

作者： Hua Liu Florian Dangl thomas Lohner Karsten Stahl School of Engineering&Design Department of Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGear Research Center(FZG)BoltzmannstraBe1585748 Garching near MunichGermany

Lubricating greases are widely used in e.***.open gear drives and gearboxes with difficult sealing conditions.The efficiency and heat balance of grease-lubricated gearboxes depend strongly on the lubrication mechanisms channeling and circulating,for which the grease flow is causal.The computational fluid dynamics opens up the possibility to visualize and understand the grease flow in gearboxes in more detail.In this study,a single-stage gearbox lubricated with an NLGI 1-2 grease was modeled by the finite-volume method to numerically investigate the fluid flow.Results show that the rotating gears influence the grease sump only locally around the gears.For a low grease fill volume,the rotation of the gears is widely separated from the grease sump.For a high grease fill volume,a pronounced geargrease interaction results in a circulating grease flow around the gears.The simulated grease distributions show good accordance with high-speed camera recordings.

关键词： Lubrication Grease Transmission Gearbox Computational fluid dynamics

Enzymatic debridement shall not modify the global strategy for mass burn events

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军事医学研究:英文版 2023年第4期10卷 554-555页

作者： Nicolas Donat thomas Leclerc Stian Kreken Almeland Burn Treatment Centre Percy Military Teaching Hospital92140 ClamartFrance Val-de-Grâce Military Medical Academy 75005 ParisFrance Norwegian National Burn Center Department of PlasticHand and Reconstructive SurgeryHaukeland University Hospital5021 BergenNorway

We read with interest the letter by Surowiecka et al.[1]about early burn wound excision in mass casualty events.We couldn’t agree more with their statement about the benefit of early burn wound excision.Still,we doubt whether applying this strategy to every patient during a mass burn event could be realistic.Of note,while there is an undisputed consensus that early burn wound excision is the gold standard of burn care,what‘early’actually means is still debated.Depending on the authors,the corresponding time limit typically varies from 24 h to a few days[2,3].

关键词： Enzymatic debridement(ED) Burn care Mass causality Burn surgery

Effects of the urban landscape on heatwave-mortality associations in Hong Kong: comparison of different heatwave definitions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 145-156页

作者： Jinglu Song Yi Lu thomas Fischer Kejia Hu Department of Urban Planning and Design Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong 999077China Environmental Assessment and Management Research Centre School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L35TRUK Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom 31750South Africa Institute of Big Data in Health Science School of Public HealthZhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China

Despite increased attention given to potential modifiers of temperature-mortality associations, evidence for variations between different urban landscape characteristics remains limited. It is in this context that in this paper effect modifications of multiple urban landscape characteristics are explored under different heatwave definitions for different age groups and gender in Hong Kong, China. Daily meteorological data and heatwave-related mortality counts from 2008 to 2017 were collected from the Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department, China. A case-only design was adopted, combined with logistic regression models to examine the modification effects of five urban landscape characteristics under six heatwave definitions. Stratified analyses were conducted to investigate age- and gender-specific effect modifications. It is found that individuals living in greener areas experienced lower levels of mortality during or immediately after heatwaves. In contrast, a higher building density and nighttime land surface temperature (LST) were associated with a higher heatwave-related mortality risk. Pronounced effect modifications of these urban landscape characteristics were observed under hotter and longer heatwaves, and in older adults (age ≥ 65 years) and males. The findings provide a scientific basis for policymakers and practitioners when considering measures for coping with hotter, longer, and more frequent heatwaves in the context of global climate change.

关键词： Urban landscape Heatwave Mortality Effect modification Intra-urban differences Health risk reduction

Encyclopedia of fecal microbiota transplantation: a review of effectiveness in the treatment of 85 diseases

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第16期135卷 1927-1939页

作者： Yun Wang Sheng Zhang thomas JBorody Faming Zhang Medical Center for Digestive Diseases The Second Affliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjngJiangsu 210011China Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjngJiangsu 210011China Center for Digestive Diseases SydneyNsW 2046Australia National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases Xi'anShaanxi 710032China

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)has been used as a core therapy for treating dysbiosis-related diseases by remodeling gut microbiota.The methodology and technology for improving FMT are stepping forward,mainly including washed microbiota transplantation(WMT),colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing(TET)for microbiota delivery,and purified Firmicutes spores from fecal matter.To improve the understanding of the clinical applications of FMT,we performed a systematic literature review on FMT published from 2011 to 2021.Here,we provided an overview of the reported clinical benefits of FMT,the methodology of processing FMT,the strategy of using FMT,and the regulations on FMT from a global perspective.A total of 782 studies were included for the final analysis.The present review profiled the effectiveness from all clinical FMT uses in 85 specific diseases as eight categories,including infections,gut diseases,microbiotagut-liver axis,microbiotagut-brain axis,metabolic diseases,oncology,hematological diseases,and other diseases.Although many further controlled trials will be needed,the dramatic increasing reports have shown the promising future of FMT for dysbiosis-related diseases in the gut or beyond the gut.

关键词： Fecal microbiota transplant Washed microbiota transplantation Transendoscopic enteral tube Spore Clostridioides difficile Methodology Microbiota-gut-brain axis

Licensing FAIR Data for Reuse

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Data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 199-207页

作者： Ignasi Labastida thomas Margoni Learning and Research Resources Centre(CRAI) Universitat de Barcelona08007 BarcelonaSpain School of Law and CREATe University of GlasgowStair Building 5-9 The SquareGlasgow G128QQUK

The last letter of the FAIR acronym stands for Reusability.Data and metadata should be made available with a clear and accessible usage license.But,what are the choices?How can researchers share data and allow reusability?Are all the licenses available for sharing content suitable for data?Data can be covered by different layers of copyright protection making the relationship between data and copyright particularly complex.Some research data can be considered as a work and therefore covered by full copyright while other data can be in the public domain due to their lack of originality.Moreover,a collection of data can be protected by special rights in Europe to acknowledge the investment in time and money in obtaining,presenting,arranging or verifying the data.The need of using a license when sharing data comes from the fact that,under current copyright laws,when rights exist,the absence of any legal notice must be understood as the default“all rights reserved”regime.Unless an exception applies,the authorisation of right holders is necessary for reuse.Right holders could use any text to state the reusability of data but it is advisable to use some of the existing licenses,and especially the ones that are suitable for data and databases.We hope that with this paper we can bring some clarity in relation to the rights involved when sharing research data.

关键词： Rsearch data Open content licensing Copyright Sui generis database rights FAIR data Legal aspects of FAIR(especially for R)

Exact orbital-free kinetic energy functional for general many-electron systems

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第2期15卷 87-92页

作者： thomas Pope Werner Hofer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE17RUUnited Kingdom School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The exact form of the kinetic energy functional has remained elusive in orbital-free models of density functional theory(DFT).This has been the main stumbling block for the development of a general-purpose framework on this basis.Here,we show that on the basis of a two-density model,which represents many-electron systems by mass density and spin density components,we can derive the exact form of such a functional.The exact functional is shown to contain previously suggested functionals to some extent,with the notable exception of the thomas-Fermi kinetic energy functional.

关键词： condensed matter density functional theory(DFT) extended electrons