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Urease activity and nitrogen dynamics in highly weathered soils with designer biochars under corn cultivation

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Biochar 2020年第3期2卷 343-356页

作者： Gilbert c.Sigua Jeff M.Novak Don W.Watts William T.Myers thomas F.Ducey Kenneth c.Stone United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCoastal Plains SoilWaterand Plant Research Center2611 West Lucas StreetFlorenceSC 29501USA

The application of designer biochar has the potential to impact soil enzyme activity and soil nitrogen ***,very little is known about the mechanisms responsible for biochar-enzyme-nitrogen interaction in highly weathered *** objective of our 3-year(2016-2018)field experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of designer biochars(DB)in enhancing urease activity(UA),total nitrogen(TN),total inorganic nitrogen(TIN),and nitrogen uptake(NU)at different growth stages(GS)of corn in a highly weathered soil of southeastern coastal Plain region,*** treatments have consisted of the control,100%pine chips(100Pc),100%poultry litter(100PL),2:1 blend of Pc and PL(PcPL),100%raw switchgrass(Panicum vaginatum,L;100RSG),and 2:1 blend of Pc and RSG(PcRSG).All the designer biochar treatments were applied at the rate of 30,000 kg ha^(−1)to a Goldsboro loamy sand in *** activity,TN,TIN,and NU varied remarkably with DB(p≤0.0001)at different GS(p≤0.0001)of *** treated with 100PL had the greatest UA(28.18μg N g^(−1)h^(−1)),TN(0.087%),and TIN(14.53 mg kg^(−1))while the least UA,TN,and TIN of 20.55μg N g^(−1)h^(−1),0.063%,and 5.42 mg kg^(−1),respectively,were observed from the *** three-year TN average increase over the control was in the order:100PL(36.8%)>100RSG(25.8%)>PcRSG(25.3%)>PcPL(23.9%)>100Pc(7.1%).The greatest NU of corn of 140.4 kg N ha^(−1)was from soils treated with 100PL while the least amount of NU was from ***,our results showed promising significance for the treatment of highly weathered soils since the application of DB did enhance UA and improve TN and TIN in the soils.

关键词： Goldsboro sandy loam coastal plain corn Urease activity Highly weathered soil Nitrogen Designer biochars Total inorganic nitrogen

challenges in uncovering the origin of the proton’s spin

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chinese Physics c 2010年第9期34卷 1153-1156页

作者： A.W.thomas cSSM School of chemistry and Physics University of Adelaide

One of the most fascinating challenges facing modern strong interaction physics is to understand the origin of the spin of the nucleon in terms of the spin and orbital angular momentum of the quarks and *** review recent progress on this problem as well as some of the uncertainties associated with state of the art lattice QcD *** particular,we explain the importance of the corrections associated with chiral extrapolation and finite volume corrections,especially for the term B（0） extracted from the appropriate low moment of the deeply virtual compton scattering amplitude.

关键词： nucleon spin QcD lattice QcD deeply-virtual compton scattering cloudy bag

Autism and Schizophrenia Are Disorders of Evolvability

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2014年第2期3卷 161-183页

作者： c. thomas Gualtieri North carolina Neuropsychiatry PA Attention & Memory Centers Chapel Hill Charlotte and Raleigh NC USA

Autism and schizophrenia are of particular interest because new developments in genomic medicine address three aspects of the conditions that have been difficult, thus far, to resolve: their heterogeneity, from subclinical manifestations to disorders that are gravely disabling;the genetic basis for their high heritability;and the persistence of disorders in light of their high heritability but low reproductive success they convey. The origins of autism and schizophrenia, their persistence and heterogeneity can be understood by integrating information from genomic science, the social brain and the evolution of socialization, intelligence and language. Both conditions are associated with structural changes in the genome, specifically copy number variants. Such systemic mutations contribute to an unstable and mutable genome and have been especially notable during primate > hominid evolution. Along with mechanisms that affect gene expression, they contribute to a genome characterized by variability and evolvability. A dynamic and variable genome is reflected by a high degree of phenotypic variation. This, in turn, is reflected in the diversity of neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular autism and schizophrenia. Evolvability is more than a dispositional concept, it is a trait in its own right. In the special case of hominid evolution, evolvability has been both an independent and a dependent variable. Evolution of the modern human brain seems to have arisen during the cultivation of unstable regions in the genome that were conducive to a high degree of inter-individual and inter-generational variation. The consequence of even small aberrations in evolutionary processes and phenotypic variations is most likely to be manifest in the functions of the social brain: self-referential processing, perspective taking and the dual components of empathy;also language as well as intelligence itself. The trade-off is a dynamic genome that can rearrange itself in untoward ways and

关键词： Autism Schizophrenia Genomic Transformation copy Number Variants Social Brain Evolvability

Hypocretin(orexin) pathology in Alzheimer's disease

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World Journal of Neurology 2015年第3期5卷 64-67页

作者： thomas c Thannickal Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Neurobiology Research (151A3)

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a growing health problem. It has enormous public health impact. Sleep problems show an early component of this disease. Hypocretin hasa major function in sleep-wake cycle. The total number of hypocretin neurons in the normal humans ranges from 51000-83000, located exclusively in the hypothalamus. Deficiency in hypocretins neurotransmission results in narcolepsy, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological and psychological disorders. cerebrospinal fluid(cSF) hypocretin levels were directly related with t-tau protein amount in AD. Increased hypocretin cSF in AD suggest that hypocretin is involved in the mechanism of AD pathology.

关键词： Hypocretin Orexin Alzheimer’s disease Neurological disorders

Studies on composite solid propellant with tri-modal ammonium perchlorate containing an ultrafine fraction

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第4期13卷 239-245页

作者： K.V. Suresh Babu P. Kanaka Raju c.R. thomas A. Syed Hamed K.N. Ninan Solid Propellant Space Booster Plant Satish Dhawan Space Centre Sriharikota 524124 India Rocket Propellant Plant Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre Thiruvananthapuram 695 022 India Department of chemistry Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695 547 India

composite solid propellant is prepared using tri-modal Ammonium perchlorate(AP)containing coarse,fine and ultrafine fractions of AP with average particle size(APS)340,40 and 5 mm respectively,in various compositions and their rheological,mechanical and burn rate characteristics are *** optimum combination of AP coarse to fine to ultrafine weight fraction was obtained by testing of series of propellant samples by varying the AP fractions at fixed solid *** concentration of aluminium was maintained constant throughout the experiments for ballistics *** propellant formulation prepared using AP with coarse to fine to ultrafine ratio of 67:24:9 has lowest viscosity for the propellant paste and highest tensile strength due to dense packing as supported by the literature.A minimum modulus value was also observed at 9 wt.%of ultrafine AP concentration indicates the maximum solids packing density at this ratio of AP *** burn rate is evaluated at different pressures to obtain pressure *** of ultrafine fraction of AP in propellant increased burn rate without adversely affecting the pressure *** solid loading propellants are prepared by increased AP concentration from 67 to 71 wt.%using AP with coarse to fine to ultrafine ratio of67:24:*** solid content up to 89 wt.%was achieved and hence increased solid motor *** unloading viscosity showed a trend with increased AP content and the propellant couldn't able to cast beyond 71 wt.%of *** properties were also studied and from the experiments noticed that%elongation decreased with increased AP content from 67 to 71 wt.%,whereas tensile strength and modulus *** rate increased with increased AP content and observed that pressure exponent also increased and it is high for the propellant containing with 71 wt.%of AP due to increased oxidiser to fuel *** composite solid propellant is prepared by using burn rate modifie

关键词： Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant Burn rate copper chromite Iron oxide

Taxonomic and metabolic shifts in the coorong bacterial metagenome driven by salinity and external inputs

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2033-2049页

作者： Kelly NEWTON thomas c.JEFFRIES Renee J.SMITH Justin R.SEYMOUR Laurent SEURONT James G.MITcHELL School of Biological Sciences Flinders University School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Flinders centre for Innovation in cancer Flinders University climate change cluster University of Technology Sydney centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences

The coorong estuary lies at the terminus of Australia's largest river system, the Murray-Darling; both are strongly influenced by human activities; including farming and extensive flow modification. Metagenomic approaches were used to determine the planktonic bacterial community composition and potential metabolic function at two extremes in the coorong, the river mouth which exhibits marine-like salinity, and the hypersaline upper-reaches of the estuary. Significant shifts in taxa and metabolic function were seen between the two sites. The river mouth exhibited an increase in abundance of R hodobacteriaceae and Alteromonadaceae; families readily able to adapt to change in nutrient conditions; and the potentially pathogenic families B rucellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. Metabolisms over-represented include motility and chemotaxis, RNA metabolism and membrane transport, all of which are involved in actively searching for and obtaining nutrients. Also over-represented were metabolisms involved in population succession and stress response. An over-representation of taxa and metabolisms indicative of environmental change is reflective of anthropogenically af fected riverine input. In the hypersaline upper reaches of the estuary, the halophilic family Ectothiorhodospiraceae was over-represented, as were the families Flavobacteriaceae, cytophagaceae and Nocardioidaceae, members of which are able to survive over a wide salinity range. Metabolisms over-represented here were reflective of increased bacterial growth, characteristic of hypersaline environments, and included DNA metabolism, nucleotide and nucleoside synthesis and cell cycle. coorong metagenomes clustered taxonomically and metabolically with other planktonic metagenomes, but remained an outlier of this group with only 71% and 84% similarity, respectively. This indicates that the coorong exhibits a unique planktonic bacterial community that is influenced by riverine input at the river mouth and sali

关键词： hypersaline estuary bacteria taxonomy metabolic potential

Regular and p-Regular Orbits of Solvable Linear Groups,Ⅱ

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Algebra colloquium 2023年第2期30卷 301-304页

作者： thomas Michael Keller Yong Yang Department of Mathematics Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA college of Science China Three Gorges University Three Gorges Mathematical Research CenterYichangHubei 443002China Department of MathematicsTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA

Let V be a faithful G-module for a finite group G and let p be a prime dividing IG].An orbit yG for the action of G on V is regular if|v^(G)|=|G:c_(G)(v)]=|G|,and is p-regular if|v^(G)|_(p)=|G:c_(G)(v)|_(p)=|G|_(p).In this note,we study two questions,one by the authors and one by Isaacs,related to the p-regular orbits and regular orbits of the linear group actions.

关键词： regular orbits solvable linear groups group action

Successful aspiration and ethanol sclerosis of a large,symptomatic, simple liver cyst:case presentation and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2949-2954页

作者： Wojciech c Blonski Mical S campbell thomas Faust David c Metz Division of Gastroenterology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUnited States and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyWroclaw Medical UniversityPoland Division of Gastroenterology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUnited States

Simple liver cysts are congenital with a prevalence of 2.5%-4.25%. Imaging, whether by US, cT or MRI, is accurate in distinguishing simple cysts from other etiologies, including parasitic, neoplastic, duct-related, and traumatic cysts. Symptomatic simple liver cysts are rare, and the true frequency of symptoms is not known. Symptomatic simple liver cysts are predominantly large （〉 4 cm）, right-sided, and more common in women and older patients. The vast majority of simple hepatic cysts require no treatment or follow-up, though large cysts （〉 4 cm） may be followed initially with serial imaging to ensure stability. Attribution of symptoms to a large simple cyst should be undertaken with caution, after alternative diagnoses have been excluded. Aspiration may be performed to test whether symptoms are due to the cyst; however, cyst recurrence should be expected. Limited experience with both laparoscopic deroofing and aspiration, followed by instillation of a sclerosing agent has demonstrated promising results for the treatment of symptomatic cysts. Here, we describe a patient with a large, symptomatic, simple liver cyst who experienced complete resolution of symptoms following cyst drainage and alcohol ablation, and we present a comprehensive review of the literature.

关键词： Simple hepatic cyst Alcohol sclerosis Laparoscopic deroofing

Pyogenic liver abscess:An audit of 10 years’experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第12期17卷 1622-1630页

作者： Tony cY Pang thomas Fung Jaswinder Samra thomas J Hugh Ross c Smith Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit Royal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySt Leonards NSW 2065Australia

AIM:To describe our own experience with pyogenic liver abscesses over the past 10 years and investigate the risk factors associated with failure of initial percutaneous ***:A retrospective study of records of 63 PLA patients presenting between 1998 and 2008 to Australian tertiary referral centre,were *** and hydatid abscesses were ***,clinical,radiological,and microbiological characteristics,as well as surgical/radiological interventions,were ***:Sixty-three patients(42 males,21 females) aged 65(±14) years[mean±(SD) ]had prodromal symptoms for a median(interquartile range;IQR) of 7(5-14) *** 59%of patients were febrile at presentation;however,the serum c-reactive protein was elevated in all 47 in whom it was *** function tests were non-specifically abnormal.67%of patients had a solitary abscess,while 32%had>3 abscesses with a median(IQR) diameter of 6.3(4-9) *** organisms were:Streptococcus milleri 25%,Klebsiella pneumoniae 21%,and Escherichia coli 16%.A presumptive cryptogenic cause was most common (34%).Four patients died in this series:one from sepsis,two from advanced cancer,and one from acute myocardial *** initial procedure was radiological aspiration±drainage in 54 and surgery in two patients.17%underwent surgical management during their *** hypoalbuminaemia[mean (95%cI) :32(29-35) g/L vs 28(25-31) g/L,P=0.045] on presentation was found to be the only factor related to failure of initial percutaneous therapy on univariate ***:PLA is a diagnostic challenge,because the presentation of this condition is *** antibiotics and radiological drainage in the first instance allows resolution of most PLAs;However,a small proportion of patients still require surgical drainage.

关键词： Pyogenic liver abscess Image guided drainage Surgical drainage c-reactive protein Hypoalbuminaemia