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Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Associated with Infections in Birth Rooms of Referral Hospitals in Ouagadougou: Availability of Equipment, Knowledge and Practices of Health Workers

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第1期10卷 135-150页

作者： Der Adolphe Some P. Aline Tougma Souleymane Ouattara Caroline Yonaba Okenge Gandaaza Armel E. Poda R. Barnabé Yameogo Semon Paulin Kam Bintou Traore Sansan Rodrigue Sib blandine thieba bonane Blami Dao Souro Sanou University Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso University Hospital Teaching of Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Regional University Teaching Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Jhpiégo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: The neonatal mortality rate remains a serious problem in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa such as Burkina Faso, where, in 2010 this mortality rate was 28 per 1000 live births [1] [2]. Its reduction is possible and passes first by the strict prevention of infections in birth rooms. The objective of this study was to describe the practices of infection prevention in the birth rooms of seven referral hospitals in Ouagadougou from April 1 to July 31, 2016. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the rules of prevention and control of healthcare associated infections (PCHAI) among 123 consenting health workers who provided birth room care in 7 hospitals in Ouagadougou. Data were collected through individual interviews and direct observations. The study was authorized by the Institutional Ethics Committee in 2015 under the number 32. The data analysis was done with the Epi Info software version 2000. Results: The “five clean in the birth room” were known by 26.83%. Regarding the equipment used for PCHAI, sterile gloves were mentioned by 75.61% of the agents, the source of clean water by 62.60% and soap by 57.11%;in practice, 17.07% of the respondents had not washed their hands and 42 providers (34%) had not performed with complete mastery the wearing of sterile gloves before giving birth, and 55.28% had not cleaned the perineum. Conclusion: Deficiencies in the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections have been identified. Training on infection prevention in the neonatal period is needed for the benefit of hospital providers.

关键词： Newborn Cares Infection Prevention Knowledge Practice Ouagadougou

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尿液分离系统可否替代传统卫生系统？

尿液分离系统可否替代传统卫生系统？

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作者： blandine Bornuat 清华大学

学位级别：硕士

本论文主要针对尿液分离卫生系统的基本概念和研究实施现状进行了综合研究,旨在为有关公司的未来战略定位提供参考。论文首先介绍了该系统在欧洲的应用,而后研究了该系统在以中国为主的发展中国家和快速工业化国家的应用。论文的主要目... 详细信息

本论文主要针对尿液分离卫生系统的基本概念和研究实施现状进行了综合研究,旨在为有关公司的未来战略定位提供参考。论文首先介绍了该系统在欧洲的应用,而后研究了该系统在以中国为主的发展中国家和快速工业化国家的应用。论文的主要目的是从未来市场应用的角度分析其潜在的应用价值和风险,探讨可能应用的领域,还对可能应用该系统的地区进行了分类。尿液分离卫生系统能对营养元素进行有效去除和回收;采用分散处理的话,该系统的灵活性可以表现得更灵活。但尿液分离系统也面临很多挑战,如尿液的输送技术、源分离后废液的处理技术等。人们对尿液制成的化肥的接收程度较低,其安全性也需要考虑。如果将该系统应用于分散处理系统中,需要解决如何应对负荷变化、自动化运行管理以及成本增加等问题。同时,由此所带来的对基础设施方面的创新有较大难度,因为所需要的投资很大,对其长期稳定运行的期望和不间断的维护运营的期望值也很高。尤为困难的是,其不仅会对现有卫生设施造成影响,也会对现有建筑设施造成影响。如果有公司计划发展这方面的市场,需要谨慎考虑这些问题。尿液分离系统适合应用于已有卫生设施无法满足污水处理要求或者没有接入污水回收系统的新开发住房区域。一些面临严重环境问题、卫生设施老旧以及建筑设施需要改造的地区也可能有兴趣采用这种系统。在实现该系统的规模化应用之前还有很多需要研究。但近年来已经取得了很大进步。从卫生情况和大背景的角度考虑,中国最有可能成为有潜力最早开展试验和应用尿液分离系统的国家,其他如欧洲等可能随后才会施行这种系统。论文的主要结论是尿液分离卫生系统很可能只是一种尝试,甚至可能不会成功。但是,相对于传统系统巨大的运行费用和不灵活性,该系统可以作为水处理公司研发的一个方向。不管怎样,对于这项技术所面临的技术挑战,还需要更进一步的研究。对于公司来说,应该在中试和示范规模上对具体的处理技术进行研究和开发,因为现有的研究结果还不支持该技术在城区大规模应用。另外,在处在快速发展或快速工业化的地区,在短期内来看,比在欧洲实施该技术具有更大潜力。因此,建议有意发展该技术的公司,应该首先聚焦与这些地区。

关键词：城市污水卫生系统尿液分流源分离分散处理

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耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌耐药机制研究及危险因素分析

耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌耐药机制研究及危险因素分析

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作者： Azolou Fofack blandine 昆明医科大学

学位级别：硕士

[目的]通过调查CRKP的分子流行病学,确定CRKP感染患者的危险因素,从而为CRKP感染的临床预防和控制提供适当的参考。[方法]从2018年9月至2019年3月,于昆明医科大学第二附属医院微生物实验室收集无重复的临床CRKP分离株。分离株的筛选程... 详细信息

[目的]通过调查CRKP的分子流行病学,确定CRKP感染患者的危险因素,从而为CRKP感染的临床预防和控制提供适当的参考。[方法]从2018年9月至2019年3月,于昆明医科大学第二附属医院微生物实验室收集无重复的临床CRKP分离株。分离株的筛选程序通过组合圆盘测试（CDT）、聚合酶链反应（PCR）和基因测序进行。CRKP的患者属于病例组,感染碳青霉烯易感的克雷伯菌肺炎（CSKP）患者为对照组,记录两组中抗生素耐药性的详细信息和临床信息在两组之间进行回顾性病例对照研究。此外,使用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析探索风险因素的贡献。[结果]在44个CRKP分离株中,blaKPC基因最为流行,占75%的比例,其次是blaNDM-1,bla0XA-48和blaIMP,分别为27.27%,9.09%和2.27%。病例组抗生素耐药率高于对照组。单因素回归分析显示,感染前住院天数≥14天,住院病史,感染前使用抗生素的持续时间≥14天,感染前使用碳青霉烯类药物和部门变化是CRKP感染的常见危险因素。此外,多元回归分析表明,住院经历和住院期间的变化是CRKP医院获得性感染的独立危险因素。[结论]为了有效地预防和控制CRKP感染,应采取以下措施:减少患者转移的频率,应严格规范抗生素的使用,应严格遵循医疗器械的消毒措施和表面清洁措施,对患者应采取隔离措施已知或怀疑已感染的人。我们坚信,上述措施的实施可以有效地减轻发病率,并防止CRKP感染的蔓延。

关键词：耐碳青霉烯的肺炎克雷伯菌医院获得性感染风险因素回顾性病例对照研究

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Vicarious Post-traumatic Growth in Healthcare Professionals: A Scoping Review

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Journal of Cerebrovascular Disease 2023年第2期6卷 8-14页

作者： blandine Lucrece Jongo Fouelefack Yun-Xian Zhou School of Nursing Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053China

Objective:This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on vicarious post-traumatic growth(VPTG)among healthcare professionals and its influencing ***:Using electronic databases PubMed,PsycInfo,Science Direct,CINHAHL,Web of Science,Scopus,and CNKI,a search was performed for articles on VPTG among healthcare *** articles were included and ***:This review mapped 29 studies that highlighted positive outcomes of VPTG in healthcare *** likely to influence VPTG were identified,such as age,gender,occupation,years of experience,others factors and their importance in understanding *** in the literature,practical recommendations,and future research direction were ***:This review highlights the nature of research on VPTG and its influencing factors in healthcare *** emphasizes the importance of further research to explore the complex interactions between psychological and physiological responses to vicarious *** review can inform interventions to improve VPTG and support the holistic health of healthcare professionals.

关键词： Healthcare professional Vicarious trauma Vicarious post-traumatic growth Scoping review Influencing factor

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Kinematic Evolution of the Nyakong-Manyi Shear Zone(Adamawa,Cameroon): Constraints from Field Observations and Microstructures,and Implication for Metamorphic P-T-t Estimation

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1465-1487页

作者： Belmien Robinson Sobze Yemdji Jules Tcheumenak Kouémo Eric Martial Fozing Ludovic Achu Megnemo Julios Efon Awoum Agnes blandine Kamgang Tchuifong Brice Rostant Tepi Yemele Maurice Kwékam Department of Earth Science University of DschangDschang 67Cameroon Department of Earth Science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDouala 24157Cameroon

The Nyakong-Manyi Shear Zone(NMSZ) is a NE-SW elongated corridor found to the northwest of the Foumban-Bankim Shear Zone(FBSZ) along the Central Cameroon Shear Zone. Controversial chronology models has been proposed for the kinematic evolution of the sinistral and dextral shear phases in the Tikar Plain, thus in the FBSZ;early dextral and late sinistral shear phases for some authors and early sinistral and late dextral shear for others. Moreover, the NMSZ kinematic evolution implication on the mylonitization P-T-t path in the area seem to be problematic and the present paper aim is to clear enough those problems;since this shear zone is the main mylonitic corridor that registered the left and right lateral movement in this area. The NMSZ comprises amphibolites, protomylonites, strict sensus mylonites(garnet-kyanite-sillimanite mylonite and garnet-pyroxene mylonite), ultramylonites kyanite-sillimanite and garnet-kyanite-sillimanite gneiss. Field structures testify that the investigated area recorded three deformation phases:(i) the D1deformation phase which is marked by NW-SE to N-S trending S1metamorphic foliation with low to moderate dips(15°–45°) that was transposed during the D2phase, is responsible for a regional metamorphism whose mineral paragenesis is garnet-kyanite-sillimanite;(ii) the early sinistral NNE-SSW to NE-SW shear phase D2marked by S2metamorphic and mylonitic foliations;responsible for, L2stretching mineral lineation, F2fold axes and B2boudins structures;(iii) the late dextral NE-SW shear phase D3, characterized by F3folds, B3boudins and ductile dextral C3shear planes. Mineral paragenesis garnet + kyanite + sillimanite and microstructures within gneiss testify that this rock underwent high grade regional metamorphism whose peak conditions are estimated at 11.5–13.5 kbar/850–900 ℃. After the peak of metamorphism gneiss was overprinted by high grade pressure mylonitization during the early sinistral and late dextral shear deformations. Microstructura

关键词： structural and microstructural features pressure-temperature estimation Nyakong-Manyi Shear Zone Foumban-Bankim Shear Zone Central Cameroon ShearZone tectonics petrology

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Contribution of CNTs/CNFs morphology to reduction of autogenous shrinkage of Portland cement paste

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017年第2期11卷 I0003-I0003页

作者： Feneuil blandine Karin HABERMEHI-CWIRZEN Andrzej CWIRZEN Concrete Technology Laboratory Department of Civil and Structural Engineering School of Engineering Aalto University Rakentajanaukio 4 00076 Aalto Finland Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Luled Sweden

The original version of this article unfortunately contained one mistake. The first author＇s first name and family name are interchanged. The correction is given below：

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Antioxidant and antiglycation properties of two mango(Mangifera indica L.) cultivars from Senegal

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第3期8卷 137-141页

作者： Samba Fama Ndoye Didier Fraisse blandine Akendengue Mbaye Diaw Dioum Rokhaya Sylla Gueye Cheikh Sall Insa Seck Catherine Felgines Matar Seck Francois Senejoux Laboratory of Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Universite Clermont Auvergne INRAUNH Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (USS) Laboratory of Chemistry Training and Research Unit of Health Thies University

Objective: To evaluate the total phenolic contents, antioxidant and antiglycation activities of leaves, barks, roots and kernels from two cultivars of Mangifera indica(Anacardiaceae). Methods: Total phenolic contents were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu's method. The antioxidant activities were assessed by three different protocols including DPPH, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and iron(Ⅱ) chelation assays. In addition, in vitro bovine serum albumin/D-ribose assay was chosen to evaluate the antiglycation properties of the extracts. Results: All the investigated extracts were found to contain high level of total phenols as well as potent antioxidant activities. Kernel extracts showed the highest total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities whereas higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity values were observed for leave, root and bark extracts. Besides, extracts from leaves, roots and barks from both cultivars exhibited potent inhibitory effects against the formation of advanced glycation end products, with IC_(50) values lower than the standard positive control aminoguanidine. Conclusions: The potent antiglycation and antioxidative activities of these two Mangifera indica cultivars suggest a possible role in targeting aging, diabetic complications and oxidative stress related diseases.

关键词： Mangifera indica Cultivars Polyphenols Antioxidant Antiglycation

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Partial Purification and Characterization of Protease from Abrus precatorius Linn. (Fabaceae) from Cameroon

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2016年第2期4卷 35-43页

作者： Mezajoug Kenfack Laurette blandine Ngangoum Eric Serge Tchiégang Clergé Bioprocess Laboratory Unit of Food Sciences and nutrition University Institute of Technology University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Crude enzyme extracts were prepared from leaves and stems of Linn. (Fabaceae) from Cameroon under optimized conditions. Proteolytic enzymes were precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 35% (w/v) saturation and assayed for enzyme activity. The effects of temperature, pH, incubation time and substrate specificity were studied. SDS-PAGE was used to determine molecular weight of precipitated protease. Results indicated that proteolytic activity of crude extract was 35.20 U/ml compared to 51.03 U/ml of partial purified extract. The optimum enzyme activity was found to be at 40°C, while 50% of activity was maintained at 60°C after 60 min incubation. Partial purified crude extract exhibited two optimum pH (2.75 and 9.0). The highest enzyme activity towards Bovine Serum Albumine (25.9 U/ml) was noted. SDS-PAGE gels exhibited molecular weight between 40 - 60 KDa. This result confirms that partial purified extract of A. precatorius contains proteases and could be a promising source for proteolytic enzyme extraction.

关键词： A. precatorius Cameroon Proteases Partial Purified Extract Proteolytic Activity

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Displacement Talbot lithography for nanoengineering of III-nitride materials

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 38-49页

作者： Pierre-Marie Coulon Benjamin Damilano blandine Alloing Pierre Chausse Sebastian Walde Johannes Enslin Robert Armstrong Stephane Vezian Sylvia Hagedorn Tim Wernicke Jean Massies Jesus Zuniga‐Perez Markus Weyers Michael Kneissl Philip A.Shields Department of Electrical&Electronic Engineering University of BathBath BA27AYUK Universite Cote d’Azur CNRSCRHEArue B.Gregory06560 ValbonneFrance Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Leibniz-Institut fur HochstfrequenztechnikGustav-Kirchhoff-Str.412489 BerlinGermany Technische Universität Berlin Institute of Solid State Physics10623 BerlinGermany

Nano-engineering III-nitride semiconductors offers a route to further control the optoelectronic properties,enabling novel functionalities and *** a variety of lithography techniques are currently employed to nanoengineer these materials,the scalability and cost of the fabrication process can be an obstacle for large-scale *** this paper,we report on the use of a fast,robust and flexible emerging patterning technique called Displacement Talbot lithography(DTL),to successfully nano-engineer III-nitride ***,along with its novel and unique combination with a lateral planar displacement(D^(2)TL),allow the fabrication of a variety of periodic nanopatterns with a broad range of filling factors such as nanoholes,nanodots,nanorings and nanolines;all these features being achievable from one single *** illustrate the enormous possibilities opened by DTL/D2TL,dielectric and metal masks with a number of nanopatterns have been generated,allowing for the selective area growth of InGaN/GaN core-shell nanorods,the top-down plasma etching of III-nitride nanostructures,the top-down sublimation of GaN nanostructures,the hybrid top-down/bottom-up growth of AlN nanorods and GaN nanotubes,and the fabrication of nanopatterned sapphire substrates for AlN *** with their planar counterparts,these 3D nanostructures enable the reduction or filtering of structural defects and/or the enhancement of the light extraction,therefore improving the efficiency of the final *** results,achieved on a wafer scale via DTL and upscalable to larger surfaces,have the potential to unlock the manufacturing of nano-engineered III-nitride materials.

关键词： Talbot planar nitride

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Hand-feel soil texture observations to evaluate the accuracy of digital soil maps for local prediction of soil particle size distribution:A case study in Central France

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Pedosphere 2023年第5期33卷 731-743页

作者： Anne C.RICHER-de-FORGES Dominique ARROUAYS Laura POGGIO Songchao CHEN Marine LACOSTE Budiman MINASNY Zamir LIBOHOVA Pierre ROUDIER Vera LMULDER HervéNÉDÉLEC Guillaume MARTELET blandine LEMERCIER Philippe LAGACHERIE Hocine BOURENNANE INRAE(Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture l'alimentation et l'environnement)Info&Sols UnitOrléans 45075France ISRIC(International Soil Reference and Information Centre)Wageningen P.O.Box 353Wageningen 6700The Netherlands Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311200China The University of Sydney Sydney Institute of Agriculture.Eveleigh NSW 2015Australia The University of Sydney School of Life and Environmental SciencesEveleigh NSW 2015Australia USDA-ARS(United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service) Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center6883 S.State Hwy.23Booneville AR 72927USA Landcare Research-Manaaki Whenua Palmerston North 4442New Zealand Soil Geography and Landscape Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 47Wageningen 6700The Netherlands Chambre d'Agriculture du Loiret Orléans F-45000France Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières BP 36009Orléans cedex 2Orléans 45060France UMR SAS(UnitéMixte de Recherche"Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation")Institut Agro INRAERennes F-35000France UMR LISAH(UnitéMixte de Recherche"Laboratoire d'Etude des Interactions entre Sol-Agrosystème-Hydrosystème") INRAEInstitut AgroIRD(Institut de Recherche pour le Développement)Montpellier F-34000France

Digital maps of soil properties are now widely ***-users now can access several digital soil mapping(DSM)products of soil properties,produced using different models,calibration/training data,and covariates at various spatial scales from global to ***,there is an urgent need to provide easy-to-understand tools to communicate map uncertainty and help end-users assess the reliability of DSM products for use at local *** this study,we used a large amount of hand-feel soil texture(HFST)data to assess the performance of various published DSM products on the prediction of soil particle size distribution in Central *** tested four DSM products for soil texture prediction developed at various scales(global,continental,national,and regional)by comparing their predictions with approximately 3200 HFST observations realized on a 1:50000 soil survey conducted after release of these DSM *** used both visual comparisons and quantitative indicators to match the DSM predictions and HFST *** comparison between the low-cost HFST observations and DSM predictions clearly showed the applicability of various DSM products,with the prediction accuracy increasing from global to regional *** simple evaluation can determine which products can be used at the local scale and if more accurate DSM products are required.

关键词： digital soil mapping products easy-to-understand tool hand-feel observation local use map uncertainty prediction performance spatial extent visual assessment

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