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Microclimate modification using eco-friendly nets and floating row covers improves tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) yield and quality for small holder farmers in East Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 577-584页

作者： Mwanarusi Saidi Elisha O. Gogo Francis M. Itulya thibaud martin Mathieu Ngouajio CIRAD UR Hortsys Avenue Agropolis Montpellier France Icipe Plant Health Department Nairobi Kenya Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Horticulture Michigan State University East Lansing USA

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the important vegetables in supplying vitamins, minerals and fiber to human diets worldwide. Its successful production in the tropics is, however, constrained by environmental variations especially under open field conditions. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya to evaluate the effects of agricultural nets (agronets) herein called eco-friendly nets (EFNs) and floating row covers (FRCs) on microclimate modification, yield, and quality of tomato. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. Tomato plants were grown under fine mesh EFN (0.4-mm pore diameter) cover, large mesh EFN (0.9-mm pore diameter) cover or FRC. The EFN and FRC were maintained either permanently closed or opened thrice a week from 9 am to 3 pm. Two open control treatments were used: unsprayed (untreated control) or sprayed with chemicals (treated control). The use of EFN or FRC modified the microclimate with higher temperatures, lower diurnal temperature ranges, and higher volumetric water content recorded compared with the controls. On the other hand, light quantity and photosynthetic active radiation were reduced by the use of EFN and FRC compared with the controls. The use of FRC and EFN resulted in more fruit and higher percent in marketable yield compared with open field production. Fruit quality at harvest was also significantly improved by the use of EFN and FRC. Fruits with higher total soluble solids (TSS), lower titratable acidity (TA), and higher sugar acid ratio were obtained in EFN and FRC treatments compared with the controls. Fruits harvested from EFN and FRC were also firmer compared with control fruits. These findings demonstrate the potential of EFN and FRC in modifying microclimate conditions and improving yields and quality of tomato under tropical field conditions.

关键词： Lycopersicon esculentum Solanum lycopersicum Microclimate Modification Protected Cropping Tomato Yields Tomato Quality

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Characterization of Health and Environmental Risks of Pesticide Use in Market-Gardening in the Rural City of Tori-Bossito in Benin, West Africa

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第3期3卷 241-248页

作者： Claude Ahouangninou thibaud martin Patrick Edorh Sahabi Bio-Bangana Onil Samuel Louis St-Laurent Sylvain Dion Benjamin Fayomi Centre Interfacultaire de Formation et de Recherche en Environnement pour le Développement Durable Université d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Bénin Cirad UPR Hortsys Montpellier France Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Toxicologie Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec Québec Canada Direction du Secteur Agricole et des Pesticides Ministère du Développement Durable de l’Environnement et des Parcs Québec Canada Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées Université d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Bénin

A study on the use of pesticides in market-gardening production was carried out on 108 market-gardeners in the rural city of Tori-Bossito in Southern Benin. The objective of the study was to characterize the potential risks of pesticides usage by farmers and the impacts on their health and on the environment. Two risk indexes were calculated for each pesticide: an environmental risk index (ERI) and a health risk index (HRI). First stage larva of the mosquito Aedes aegypti were used as bio-indicator for detecting insecticide residue in vegetable before their harvesting on the farms. The highest ERI were obtained for carbofuran, chlorpyriphos ethyl and endosulfan. Pesticide residues were found in 42% of the samples of leaves of eggplant, cucumber, amaranth and solanum. Vegetables growers used pesticides that may be highly hazardous and which were not registered in most cases. These situations could have unexpected consequences including the exposure of consumers to health hazards.

关键词： Vegetable Pesticide Residues Bio-Indicator Risk Index Environment Health

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