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Cold adaptation does not alter ATP homeostasis during cold exposure in Drosophila melanogaster

Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 471-481页

作者： Caroline M.WILLIAMS James R.ROCCA Arthur S.EDISON David B.ALLISON theodore J.MORGAN Daniel A.HAHN Department of Integrative Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA Departments of Entomology and Nematology University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Biochemistry University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthIndiana University BloomingtonBloomingtonIndianaUSA Division of Biology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA

In insects and other ectotherms,cold temperatures cause a coma resulting from loss of neuromuscular function,during which ionic and metabolic homeostasis are progressively *** adaptation improves homeostasis during cold exposure,but the ultimate targets of selection are still an open *** acclimation and adaptation remodels mitochondrial metabolism in insects,suggesting that aerobic energy production during cold exposure could be a target of ***,we test the hypothesis that cold adaptation improves the ability to maintain rates of aerobic energy production during cold exposure by using^(31)P NMR on live *** lines of Drosophila melanogaster artificially selected for fast and slow recovery from a cold coma,we show that cold exposure does not lower ATP levels and that cold adaptation does not alter aerobic ATP production during cold ***-hardy and cold-susceptible lines both experienced a brief transition to anaerobic metabolism during cooling,but this was rapidly reversed during cold exposure,suggesting that oxidative phosphorylation was sufficient to meet energy demands below the critical thermal minimum,even in cold-susceptible *** thus reject the hypothesis that performance under mild low temperatures is set by aerobic ATP supply limitations in ***,excluding oxygen and capacity limitation as a weak link in energy *** work suggests that the modulations to mitochondrial metabolism resulting from cold acclimation or adaptation may arise from selection on a biosynthetic product(s)of those pathways rather than selection on ATP supply during cold exposure.

关键词： chill coma energetics insect oxygen limitation thermal tolerance

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Comparative multi-locus assessment of modern Asian newts(Cynops, Paramesotriton, and Pachytriton:Salamandridae) in southern China suggests a shared biogeographic history

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Zoological Research 2022年第5期43卷 706-718页

作者： Zhi-Yong Yuan Yun-Ke Wu Fang Yan Robert W.Murphy theodore J.Papenfuss David B.Wake Ya-Ping Zhang Jing Che State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development(Ministry of Education) School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell UniversityIthaca 14850USA College of Life Science Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntario M5S 2C6Canada Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Evolutionary biologists are always interested in deciphering the geographic context of diversification,therefore they introduced the concept of comparative phylogeography, which helps to identify common mechanisms that contribute to shared genetic structures among organisms from the same ***, we used multi-locus genetic data along with environmental data to investigate shared phylogeographic patterns among three Asianendemic newt genera, Cynops, Paramesotriton and Pachytriton, which occurred in montane/submontane streams or ponds in southern China. Our 222samples from 78 localities covered the entire range of the three genera and represented the largest dataset of this group to date. We reconstructed matrilineal genealogies from two protein-coding,mitochondrial genes, and gene network from two nuclear genes. We also estimated divergence times of major cladogenetic events and used occurrence data to evaluate niche difference and similarity between lineages. Our results revealed a common basal split in all three genera that corresponds to the separation of two geographic terrains of southern *** ancient divergence occurred during middle to late Miocene and likely correlate with paleoclimatic fluctuations caused by the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP).Particularly,the strengthening and weakening of Asian summer monsoons during the Miocene may have profoundly impacted southern China and led to repeatedly vicariance in those ***,despite differences in realized niches between lineages,there is no evidence for divergence of fundamental *** of old newt matriline lineages in mountains of southern China suggests that the region acts as both museums and cradles of *** on those results,we advocate a multi-pronged protection strategy for newts in the three genera.

关键词： Amphibian Comparative phylogeography Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau East Asian monsoons Ecological niche modeling Species museums and cradles

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Low-Temperature Performance of Chinese Automotive Engine Oils-Status and Perspectives

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润滑油 2007年第6期22卷 53-60,64页

作者： theodore Selby Christian Neveu Alex Tsay Savant Group MidlandMichiganU.S.A. Degussa RohMax France S.A.SParisFrance Degussa China ShanghaiChina

Performance of automotive engine oils at low temperature has been extensively investigated in the last 50 *** resulting understanding of engine oil rheology has been used to devise bench tests that predict their per- formance under cold starting *** starting the engine has been essentially overcome for passenger car en- gines with fuel injection but pumpability of the engine oil has grown more *** tests(MRV TP1 and the Scanning Brookfield Technique with Gelation Index measurement)have become the measures of quality in pumpabili- ty response at low *** such they have become ASTM Methods and are included in a number of interna- tional specifications such as SAE J300 and ILSAC/API GF-1,2,3,and 4 accompanied by appropriate limits. For a number of years,the Institute of Materials(IOM) has generated a database for Asia-Pacific engine oils for IOM *** database can be used to assess and compare the performance of Chinese engine oils at low temperature to one another and to the larger world of engine oils also covered by the IOM *** IOM survey of Asia-Pacific provides a complete 36-test analysis of 300 passenger car engine oils from the region including a wide range of chemical analysis,rheological measurements and performance *** this paper we concen- trate on the low temperature analysis of the rheology of samples collected in China since 2000. The important factors affecting formulation of engine oils in China today are: *** recent inclusion of the MRV TP-1 and Scanning Brookfield Gelation Index requirements in China's National Standards for engine oil quality; *** availability of higher quality oils; *** higher treat rate of additives will require increased attention from the formulators in the selection of VI Improvers and Pour Point Depressants(PPDs). In the latter case,new PPDs are likely to be required to provide formulators with robust and economical solu- tions to face these new challen

关键词：低温条件中国汽车用油倾点

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Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene amplification in gastric cancer using tissue microarray technology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第2期18卷 150-155页

作者： Dimitrios Tsapralis Ioannis Panayiotides George Peros theodore Liakakos Eva Karamitopoulou 3rd Department of Surgery Attikon University HospitalUniversity of AthensRimini 112464 AthensGreece 2nd Department of Pathology University of AthensRimini 112464 AthensGreece 4th Department of Surgery Attikon University HospitalUniversity of AthensRimini 112464 AthensGreece Department of Pathology Aretaieion University HospitalUniversity of AthensVass.Sophias 7611528 AthensGreece

AIM:To assess human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-status in gastric cancer and matched lymph node metastases by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).METHODS:120 cases of primary gastric carcinomas and 45 matched lymph node metastases from patients with full clinicopathological features were mounted onto multiple-punch and single-punch tissue microarrays,respectively,and examined for HER2 overexpression and gene amplification by IHC and ***:Twenty-four tumors (20%) expressed HER2 *** IHC score of ≥ 2+ was observed in 20 tumors (16.6%).HER2 amplification was detected by CISH in 19 tumors (15.8%) and in their matched lymph node metastases.A high concordancerate was found between HER2 positivity (as detected by IHC) and HER2 gene amplification (as detected by CISH),since 19 of the 20 IHC positive cases were amplified (95%).All amplified cases had 2+ or 3+ IHC *** was associated with intestinal phenotype (P < 0.05).No association with grading,staging or survival was ***:In gastric cancer,HER2 amplification is the main mechanism for HER2 protein overexpression and is preserved in lymph node metastases.

关键词： Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 Immunohistochemistry Chromogenic in situ hybridiza-tion Gastric cancer

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Determinants of Private Sector Indebtedness in Greece： The Role of Deregulation

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2011年第1期7卷 76-85页

作者： Demosthenes Georgopoulos theodore Papadogonas George Sfakianakis Ministry of Economy Competitiveness and Shipping Greece Technological Educational Institute of Chalkis Greece Ministry of Finance and Technological Educational Institute of Chalkis Greece

In this paper we examine private debt developments in Greece from 1970 onwards. We find private debt nearly stationary for about 20 years （starting from extremely low values） and expanding thereafter in nearly explosive terms. By disaggregating the time series of private debt, we pinpoint household debt （consumer, credit cards and mortgages） as the reason for this exponential increase. When considering demand and supply curves for household debt, shifts of the curves are to be interpreted： explanations from the demand side include, among others, expectations of future incomes. Regarding the supply side, the availability of loans （partly attributable to increased bank competition） and overall bank deregulation are proposed. Financial deregulation permitted banks to move promptly and offer to ambitious （but not necessarily solvent） customers a wide spectrum of choices： mortgages, credit cards, consumer loans and so on. Every single step in the process of financial deregulation was accompanied by a higher level of household indebtedness. Moving up from the household level to the macroeconomic level, increased debt had been also a solution to stalling effective demand, possibly due to the redistribution of income. Empirical analysis and causality tests are conducted along these lines and we find a two way causal relationship between GDP growth and private debt.

关键词： private debt household debt. deregulation structural break

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Cowperwood,the Financier

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中国翻译 1985年第7期 46-48页

作者： theodore Dreiser 顾延龄

There came in this period the slow approach, and finally the declaration, of war between the North and the South, attended with so much excitement that almost all current minds were notably colored by it. It was terri... 详细信息

关键词： body 西奥多·德莱塞 Cowperwood,the Financier

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Individual differences in transcranial electrical stimulation current density

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2013年第6期27卷 495-508页

作者： Michael J Russell theodore Goodman Ronald Pierson Shane Shepherd Qiang Wang Bennett Groshong David F Wiley Aaken Research Institute Inc. Sutter Center for Psychiatry Brain Image Analysis LLC Radiological Associates of Sacramento Inc. Stratovan Corp.

Transcranial electrical stimulation （TCES） is effective in treating many conditions, but it has not been possible to accurately forecast current density within the complex anatomy of a given subject＇s head. We sought to predict and verify TCES current densities and determine the variability of these current distributions in patient-specific models based on magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） data. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment estimated conductivity from MRIs and compared the current density results against actual measurements from the scalp surface of 3 subjects. In the second experiment, virtual electrodes were placed on the scalps of 18 subjects to model simulated current densities with 2 mA of virtually applied stimulation. This procedure was repeated for 4 electrode locations. Current densities were then calculated for 75 brain regions. Comparison of modeled and measured external current in experiment 1 yielded a correlation of r = .93. In experiment 2, modeled individual differences were greatest near the electrodes （ten-fold differences were common）, but simulated current was found in all regions of the brain. Sites that were distant from the electrodes （e.g. hypothalamus） typically showed two- fold individual differences. MRI-based modeling can effectively predict current densities in individual brains. Significant variation occurs between subjects with the same applied electrode configuration. Individualized MRI- based modeling should be considered in place of the 10-20 system when accurate TCES is needed.

关键词： RI modeling current density transcranial-stimulation tDCS

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心肌梗塞并发休克的处理现状

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国外医学（心血管疾病分册） 1989年第6期16卷 328-330页

作者： theodore L 刘霞

作者介绍了急性心肌梗塞并发休克的出现率和短期预后,讨论了心源性休克的发病机理,临床表现,应急处理,急诊左心导管检查和治疗效果。

关键词：心肌梗塞休克并发症

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Influence of the Age of Bamboo Culm and Its Vertical Position on the Technological Properties of Bamboo Fibers: A Case of Bambusa vulgaris Species from Cameroonian Culture

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2022年第3期12卷 98-110页

作者： Joseph Loic Souck theodore Tchotang Bienvenu Kenmeugne Laboratory of Civil and Mechanical Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé 1 University Yaoundé Cameroon

Due to their interesting properties, bamboo fibers are more and more used as reinforcements in polymer matrices as a substitute for synthetic fibers. For their future service life, it is important to understand their physical and mechanical behavior over time in order to control the aging phenomenon within this fiber. The paper analyzed the influence of the age of the bamboo thatch and the vertical position of the Bambusa vulgaris species cultivated in Cameroon on the physicomechanical properties of the fibers extracted from the thatch. Fibers were mechanically extracted from three bamboo culms aged respectively 3 years (BV3), 4 years (BV4) and 5 years (BV5). The culms were thus identified according to their number of ramifications, and were felled no abated for a total of three culms. A section of about one meter on each of the parts (lower part, middle part, upper part) of these three culms was made for the opposite technological studies. Each age was therefore represented by three portions of thatch, one from the upper part, one from the middle part and the last from the lower part of the thatch, all giving a total number of nine samples taken and marked BV3inf, BV3moy, BV3sup, BV4inf, BV4moy, BV4sup, BV5inf, BV5moy, BV5sup before handling in the laboratory. Physical (density, moisture absorption rate) and mechanical (tensile tests according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1, natural durability) characterizations were used to better understand the mechanisms of this influence. In view of all the results obtained, the fiber from the upper part of the 3-year-old thatch (BV3sup) is the one with the best characteristics and is recommended for a better elaboration of bamboo fiber composites: (Density: 0.83;Absorption rate 11.7%;Young’s modulus: 7.4 GPa;Maximal stress: 64.3 MPa;Elongation at rupture: 1.1;Loss of mass natural durability: 7.63%).

关键词： Fiber Bamboo Culm Characterization Elaboration Extraction

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人类基因疗法的进展

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生物工程进展 1990年第3期10卷 17-25页

作者： theodore Friedmann 杨靖

目前对多数人类遗传疾病还没有适当的治疗方法,但现代分子遗传学正在为一个前所未有的新方法提供有力的工具,即通过直接作用突变基因达到治疗疾病的目的。最近,由几种靶器官和基因转移技术得到的结果使“基因疗法”概念的可行性在医学... 详细信息

目前对多数人类遗传疾病还没有适当的治疗方法,但现代分子遗传学正在为一个前所未有的新方法提供有力的工具,即通过直接作用突变基因达到治疗疾病的目的。最近,由几种靶器官和基因转移技术得到的结果使“基因疗法”概念的可行性在医学上和科学上得到了广泛的认可,这种“基因疗法”所针对的疾病包括骨髓、肝脏和中枢神经系统的失调;也包括某些癌症,以及循环酶、激素和凝血因子的缺陷。至今最充分发展的模型包括用重组的致病性病毒进行基因转移改变突变基因,以表达新的遗传信息,矫正疾病的表型。这就是使病理学的理论转变成治疗的实践。

关键词：基因疗法遗传疾病

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