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mate assessment behavior is correlated to learning ability in female threespine sticklebacks

current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 295-304页

作者： Taylor L.RYSTROm theo c.m.bakker Ingolf P.RIcK Department of Behavioural Biology University of Munster Badestrasse 13 Munster 48149 Germany Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 153121 Bonn Germany

In many species, males signal quality with elaborate traits, but females often show inter-individual variation in pref ere nee for these traits. choosi ng a mate requires multiple cog nitive steps;therefore, cog nitive style (how an in dividual processes information) likely in fluences the perception of sexual signals and ability to choose a high-quality mate. An important component of cognitive style is flexibility;cognitively flexible individuals are more perceptive to shifts in cues. We hypothesized that cognitively flexible individuals would acquire more information about potential mates, better discern between two quality-signaling traits, and thus be more discriminatory. Here, we show that mate assessment is correlated to other cognitive traits. Although we did not detect an effect of cogn itive style on mate pref ere nee or discriminatio n, we found that female threespi ne sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus that spent more time assessing potential mates (more responsive) in a dichotomous mate choice task reached both the initial and reversal learning criterion in a spatial learning task with fewer errors. However, these highly responsive females made more consecutive mistakes immediately at the beginning of the reversal phase, suggest!ng that they did not quickly adapt to the en vironmental cha nge but in stead rapidly formed strict routi nes duri ng the learning task that were eventually reversible after repeated errors. Furthermore, we found evidenee for condition-dependent mate pref ere nee, with larger females preferring the high-quality male. These are among the first results that illustrate how cog nitive traits might in flue nee mate choice, which has implicati ons for the st re ngth and di recti on of sexual selection.

关键词： cognition cognitive flexibility choosiness computer animation mate choice sexual selection

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Influence of lighting environment on social preferences in sticklebacks from two different photic *** preferences of wild-caught females

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current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 299-308页

作者： meike Hiermes Stephanie REHER Ingolf P.RIcK theo c.m.bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of BonnAn der Immenburg 1Bonn53121Germany Institute of Zoology Functional EcologyUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz Hamburg 20146Germanyand Institute of ZoologyUniversity of BonnMeckenheimer Allee 169Bonn53115Germany

Ultraviolet(UV)A signals(320-400 nm)are important in mate choice in numerous *** sensitivity for UV signals is not only assumed to be costly,but also expected to be a function of the prevailing ecological ***,those signals are favored by selection that efficiently reach the receiver.A decisive factor for color signaling is the lighting environment,especially in aquatic habitats,as the visibility of signals,and thus costs and benefits,are instantaneously influenced by *** ecological aspects of color signal evolution are relatively well-studied,there is little data on specific effects of environmental UV-light conditions on signaling at these shorter *** studied wild-caught gravid female 3-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus of 2 photic habitat types(tea-stained and clear-water lakes),possessing great variation in their UV *** 2 treatments,tea-stained and clear-water,preferences for males viewed under UV-present(UV-1-)and UV-absent(UV-)conditions were tested.A preference for males under UV+conditions was found for females from both habitat types,thus stressing the significance of UV signals in stickleback's mate choice ***,females from both habitat types showed the most pronounced preferences for males under UV-h conditions under clear-water test ***,reflectance measurements revealed that the carotenoid-based orange-red breeding coloration in wild-caught males of both habitat types differed significantly in color intensity(higher in clear-water males)and hue(more red shifted in clear-water males)while no significant differences in UV coloration were *** differential reflection patterns in longer wavelengths suggest that sticklebacks of both habitat types have adapted to the respective water *** of UV signals in a sexual context to ambient light conditions in both behavior and coloration seem less evident.

关键词： color signals female mate preference Gasterosteus aculeatus lighting environment sensory drive UV vision

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Ultraviolet reflection enhances the risk of predation in a vertebrate

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current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 151-159页

作者： Ricarda mODARRESSIE IngolfE RIcK theo c. m. bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany

many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and thereforeentail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting （UV＋） and another in a UV-blocking （UV-） chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. ＂yearlings＂. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectnun and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to stickle- backs enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to LrV having an influence on hue perception rather than brighmess discrimination. The difference in attack probability cor- responded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV＋ and UV- conditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths [current Zoology 59 （2）： 151-159, 2013].

关键词： UV vision Brown trout Salmo trutta Ultraviolet reflection Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Pre-dation risk

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Attractive males have faster sperm in three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus

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current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 761-768页

作者： marion mEHLIS Lukas K. HILKE theo c. m. bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a CH-3032 Hinterkappelen Switzerland

Recent studies have revealed that sexually selected traits may signal sperm quality and hence male fertilisation ability. There is also evidence that the expression of male sexual ornamentation and associated sperm characteristics depend on an indi- vidual＇s ability to cope with oxidative stress. carotenoids are known for their antioxidant properties and carotenoid-based orna- ments might represent honest signals as these pigments can be traded offbetween the investment in sexual ornamentation, sperm function as well as immune response. In this study, we examined the relationship between sexual ornamentation （breeding colo- ration） and sperm characteristics （e.g., velocity and morphology） in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aeuleatus, an ex- ternally fertilising fish species, in which sperm competition commonly occurs. During the breeding season males are sperm limi- ted and develop a conspicuous carotenoid-based coloration, which is under strong pre-copulatory sexual selection due to female mate choice and male-male competition. The results of the present study show that the expression of stickleback male breeding coloration is significantly positively associated with the linearity of sperm movement, whereas sperm morphology （head length to tail length ratio） is significantly negatively related to the trajectory of sperm movement. moreover, there is some support for the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis as the intensity of male red breeding coloration is significantly positively correlated with sperm velocity, which is supposed to be an important determinant of fertilisation success in external fertilisers, indicating the honesty of the sexually selected nuptial red coloration.

关键词： mate choice Sperm competition carotenoids Oxidative stress Reproductive success cASA ImageJ

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The dynamics of color signals in male threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus

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current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 23-31页

作者： meike HIERmES Ingolf P. RIcK marion mEHLIS theo c. m. bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 53121 Bonn Germany

Body coloration and color patterns are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and vary be- tween and within species. Recent studies have dealt with individual dynamics of various aspects of coloration, as it is in many cases a flexible trait and changes in color expression may be context-de- pendent. During the reproductive phase, temporal changes of coloration in the visible spectral range （400-700 nm） have been shown for many animals but corresponding changes in the ultravio- let （UV） waveband （300-400 nm） have rarely been studied. Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus males develop conspicuous orange-red breeding coloration combined with UV reflect- ance in the cheek region. We investigated dynamics of color patterns including UV throughout a male breeding cycle, as well as short-term changes in coloration in response to a computer- animated rival using reflectance spectrophotometry and visual modeling, to estimate how colors would be perceived by conspecifics. We found the orange-red component of coloration to vary during the breeding cycle with respect to hue （theta/R50） and intensity （achieved chroma/red chroma）. Furthermore, color intensity in the orange-red spectral part （achieved chroma） tended to be increased after the presentation of an artificial rival. Dynamic changes in specific measures of hue and intensity in the UV waveband were not found. In general, the orange-red component of the signal seems to be dynamic with respect to color intensity and hue. This accounts in particular for color changes during the breeding cycle, presumably to signal reproductive status, and with limitations as well in the intrasexual context, most likely to signal dominance or inferiority.

关键词： breeding season color change color signals stickleback structural coloration UV coloration

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characterization of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(Acc) Deaminase-containing Pseudomonas *** the Rhizosphere of Salt-Stressed canola

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 461-468页

作者： A.R.AKHGAR m.ARZANLOU P.A.H.m.bakker m.HAmIDPOUR Department of Soil Science Vali-e-Asr University of RafsanjanRafsanjan(Iran) Department of Soil Science University of TabrizTabriz(Iran) Department of Biology Plant-Microbe InteractionsUtrecht UniversityUtrecht(Netherlands)

When exposed to biotic or abiotic stress conditions, plants produce ethylene from its immediate precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate （Acc）, leading to retarded root growth and senescence. many plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria contain the enzyme Acc deaminase and this enzyme can cleave Acc to form a-ketobutyrate and ammonium, thereby lowering levels of ethylene. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Acc deaminase-producing bacteria from the rhizosphere of salt-stressed canola （Brassica napus L.）. Out of 105 random bacterial isolates, 15 were able to utilize Acc as the sole source of nitrogen. These 15 isolates were also positive for indole acetic acid （IAA） production. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16S rDNA sequences showed that all isolates belonged to fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In the canola rhizosphere investigated in this study, Pseudomonas fluorescens was the dominant Acc deaminase-producing species. cluster analysis based on BOX-AIR-based repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction （BOX-PcR） patterns suggested a high degree of genetic variability in Acc deaminase-producing P. fluorescens strains. The presence of indigenous Acc-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere of canola grown in saline soils indicates that these bacteria may contribute to salinity tolerance.

关键词： BOX-AiR-based repetitive extragenic palindromie-polymerase chain reaction (BOX-PcR) ethylene indole acetic acid phylogenetic analysis plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas fluorescens

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Long-term changes in biological soil crust cover and composition

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 54-63页

作者： Eva Dettweiler-Robinson Jeanne m Ponzetti Jonathan D bakker Department of Biology University of New MexicoMSC0320201 University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 98131U.S.A. 2914 central St.SE OlympiaWA 98501U.S.A. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonBox 354115SeattleWA98195-4115U.S.A.

Introduction:communities change over time due to disturbances,variations in climate,and species *** soil crust communities are important because they contribute to erosion control and nutrient *** types may respond differently to changes in environmental conditions:single-celled organisms and bryophytes quickly recover after a disturbance,while lichens are slow growing and dominate favorable *** change in crusts has seldom been assessed using repeated *** this study,we hypothesized that changes in crust composition were related to disturbance,topographic position,and invasive ***:We monitored permanent plots in the columbia Basin in 1999 and 2010 and compared changes in crust composition,cover,richness,and turnover with predictor variables of herbivore exclosure,elevation,heat load index,time since fire,presence of an invasive grass,and change in cover of the invasive ***:Bryophytes were cosmopolitan with high *** lichens did not change *** taxa differed by monitoring *** and total crust cover declined,and there was lower turnover outside of herbivore *** cover did not change *** that burned recently had high *** in taxon richness was correlated with presence of an invasive grass in *** in cover of the invasive grass was positively related to proportional loss and negatively related to ***:composition and turnover metrics differed significantly over 11 years,though cover was more stable between *** study can be a baseline for assessing change in crust composition due to anthropogenic influences.

关键词： Biological soil crust columbia basin composition change Taxa turnover rate Fire Bromus tectorum Livestock exclosure

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can root trait diversity explain complementarity effects in a grassland biodiversity experiment?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第1期11卷 73-84页

作者： Lisette m.bakker Liesje mommer Jasper van Ruijven Plant Ecology and Nature conservation Group Wageningen University&ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands

Aims The positive relationship between plant biodiversity and com-munity productivity is well ***,our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying these positive biodiversity effects is still *** of the main hypotheses is that com-plementarity in resource uptake is responsible for the positive biodiversity effects:plant species differ in resource uptake strat-egy,which results in a more complete exploitation of the avail-able resources in space and time when plant species are growing *** studies suggest that functional diversity of the community,*** diversity in functional characteristics(‘traits’)among species,rather than species richness per se,is important for positive biodiversity ***,experimental evidence for specific trait combinations underlying resource complemen-tarity is *** the root system is responsible for the uptake of nutrients and water,we hypothesize that diversity in root traits may underlie complementary resource use and contribute to the biodiversity *** In a common garden experiment,16 grassland species were grown in monoculture,4-species mixtures differing in root trait diversity and 16-species *** 4-species mixtures were designed to cover a gradient in average rooting ***-ground biomass was cut after one growing season and used as a proxy for plant productivity to calculate biodiversity *** Findings Overall,plant mixtures showed a significant increase in biomass and complementarity effects,but this varied greatly between ***,diversity in root traits(measured in a separate greenhouse experiment and based on literature)could not explain this variation in complementarity ***,complementa-rity effects were strongly affected by the presence and competitive interactions of two particular *** large variation in comple-mentarity effects and significant effect of two species emphasizes the importance of community composi

关键词： biodiversity effects resource complementarity trait diversity roots functional diversity grassland

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A Review on Surface?Functionalized cellulosic Nanostructures as Biocompatible Antibacterial materials

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Nano-micro Letters 2020年第6期12卷 90-112页

作者： mandana Tavakolian Seid mahdi Jafari theo Gmvan de Ven Department of chemical Engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0C5Canada Pulp and Paper Research center McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0C7Canada Quebec centre for Advanced materials(QcAm/cQmF) MontrealCanada Department of Food materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of chemistry McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0B8Canada

As the most abundant biopolymer on the earth,cellulose has recently gained significant attention in the development of antibacterial ***,renewability,strong mechanical properties,tunable aspect ratio,and low density offer tremendous possibilities for the use of cellulose in various *** to the high number of reactive groups(i.e.,hydroxyl groups)on the cellulose surface,it can be readily functionalized with various functional groups,such as aldehydes,carboxylic acids,and amines,leading to diverse *** addition,the ease of surface modification of cellulose expands the range of compounds which can be grafted onto its structure,such as proteins,polymers,metal nanoparticles,and *** are many studies in which cellulose nano-/microfibrils and nanocrystals are used as a support for antibacterial ***,little is known about the relationship between cellulose chemical surface modification and its antibacterial activity or *** this study,we have summarized various techniques for surface modifications of cellulose nanostructures and its derivatives along with their antibacterial and biocompatibility behavior to develop non-leaching and durable antibacterial *** the high effectiveness of surface-modified cellulosic antibacterial materials,more studies on their mechanism of action,the relationship between their properties and their effectivity,and more in vivo studies are required.

关键词： cellulose Nanocellulose Surface modification Antibacterial activity Biocompatibility

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metastatic prostate cancer remains incurable, why?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第1期6卷 26-41页

作者： Liang Dong Richard c.Zieren Wei Xue theo m.de Reijke Kenneth J.Pienta The Brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Urology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Urology Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands

metastatic prostate cancer patients present in two waysdwith already disseminated disease at the time of presentation or with disease recurrence after definitive local *** deprivation therapy is given as the most effective initial treatment to ***,after the initial response,almost all patients will eventually progress despite the low levels of *** at this stage is termed castration resistant prostate cancer(cRPc).Before 2010,the taxane docetaxel was the first and only life prolonging agent for metastatic cRPc(mcRPc).The last decade has witnessed robust progress in cRPc therapeutics ***,enzalutamide,apalutamide and sipuleucel-T have been evaluated as first-and second-line agents in mcRPc patients,while cabazitaxel was approved as a second-line ***-223 dichloride was approved in symptomatic patients with bone metastases and no known visceral metastases pre-and ***,despite significant advances,mcRPc remains a lethal *** primary and acquired resistance have been observed in cRPc patients treated by these new *** could be solely cell intrinsic or it is possible that the clonal heterogeneity in treated tumors may result from the adaptive responses to the selective pressures within the tumor *** aim of this review is to list current treatment agents of cRPc and summarize recent findings in therapeutic resistance mechanisms.

关键词： Prostate cancer Heterogeneity Drug resistance Novel treatment

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