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压力支持通气和双相气道正压通气通过肺血流重新分布从而提高氧合

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麻醉与镇痛 2012年第1期8卷 67-77页

作者： Alysson R. Carvalho, PhD Peter M. Spieth, MD Paolo Pelosi, MD, PhD Alessandro Beda, PhD Agnaldo J. Lopes, MD, DSc Boriana Neykova, MD Axel R. Heller, MD, PhD thea koch, MD, PhD Marcelo Gama de Abreu, MD, MSc, PhD, DEAA 王琦（翻译） Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Germany University Augusto Motta Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Ambient Health and Safety University of Insubria Varese Italy Institute of Radiology University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus Technical University Dresden Dresden Germany

背景机械通气时保留自主呼吸（spontaneousbreathing，SB）可改善气体交换，主要是因为这种通气方式可使萎陷的肺复张。在保留SB的机械通气中，常选择压力支持通气（pressuresupportventilation，PSV）和双相气道正压通气（biphasicposi... 详细信息

背景机械通气时保留自主呼吸（spontaneousbreathing，SB）可改善气体交换，主要是因为这种通气方式可使萎陷的肺复张。在保留SB的机械通气中，常选择压力支持通气（pressuresupportventilation，PSV）和双相气道正压通气（biphasicpositiveairwaypressure，BIPAP）。但医师对这些辅助性机械通气方式改善肺功能的机制却不甚了解。我们评价了采用PSV和BIPAP改善氧合的机制。方法5头猪（25-29．3kg）于仰卧位行机械通气，并通过清除肺表面活性物质诱发其发生急性肺损伤（acutelung砸jury，Au）。状态稳定后，给予BIPAP通气，初期较低持续气道正压设置为5cmH2O，随后逐渐增加持续气道正压至维持潮气量在6-8ml／kg。减浅麻醉深度，当SB≥每分通气量的20％时，随机进行1小时的PSV或BIPAP＋SB通气。于呼气末行全胸螺旋式计算机体层扫描，并记录肺功能参数。静脉给予荧光微球体来记录肺血流（pulmonarybloodflow，PBF），并利用空间聚类分析来评估每种通气方式对PBF重新分布的影响。结果Au损伤肺功能并加大了下肺萎陷或不张组织的面积（P〈0．05）。和对照组比较，PSV和BIPAP＋SB的通气模式提高了氧合并减少了静脉血掺杂（P〈0．05）。尽管如此，我们观察到自主呼吸时下肺的不张肺组织或通气不良组织明显增加，而可正常通气的肺组织减少。观察到6例中有5例行PSV或sB＋BIPAP通气时PBF由下至上重新分布，肺通气也较好。结论在ALI模型中采用PSV或BIPAP＋SB行机械通气可改善氧合，减少静脉血掺杂的原因为PBF由下至上的重新分布，而不是因为下肺复张。

关键词：双相气道正压通气压力支持通气肺血流氧合 BIPAP通气保留自主呼吸持续气道正压肺功能参数

Special materials in pyrotechnics Ⅶ: Pyrotechnics used in thermal batteries

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第3期15卷 254-263页

作者： Ernst-Christian koch Lutradyn Energetic Materials Science & Technology

Thermal batteries are unique direct current(DC) electrical power sources with long shelf live, high reliability and higher power density than classical alkaline batteries. This paper gives a brief overview into the working principle of thermal batteries and reviews the properties of zirconium/barium chromate(Zr/BaCrO4) pyrolant previously used as first fire and iron/potassium perchlorate(Fe/KClO4) pyrolant(Heat), commonly applied as heating pellet in thermal batteries and its hazard properties. The review gives 64 references to the public domain. CAS-Nos. Zr: [7440-67-7], BaCrO4: [10294-40-3], Fe: [7439-89-6], KClO4: [7778-74-7], Viton: [9011-17-0].CAS-Nos. Zr: [7440-67-7], BaCrO4: [10294-40-3], Fe: [7439-89-6], KClO4: [7778-74-7], Viton: [9011-17-0].

关键词： Barium chromate Heat-powder Iron Lithium Molten salt Potassium perchlorate Pyrotechnics Thermal battery Zirconium

Insensitive high explosives:Ⅳ. Nitroguanidine-Initiation & detonation

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第4期15卷 467-487页

作者： Ernst-Christian koch Lutradyn-Energetic Materials

This paper reviews the detonative properties of low bulk density(LBD),high bulk density(HBD)Nitroguanidine(NGu)(1),CAS-No:[556-88-7]and 82 explosive formulations based on NGu reported in the public *** rank the performance of those formulations they are compared with 15 reference compositions containing both standard high explosives such as octogen(HMX)(2),hexogen(RDX)(3),pentaerythritol tetranitrate(PETN)(4),2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)(5)as well as insensitive high explosives such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolone(NTO)(6),1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB)(7),1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene(FOX-7)(8)and N-Guanylurea dinitramide(FOX 12)(9).NGu based formulations are superior to those based on FOX-12 or TATB and are a close match with FOX-7 based explosives,the latter just having higher Gurney Energies(-10%)and slightly higher detonation pressure(+2%).NGu based explosives even reach up to 78% of the detonation pressure,82% Gurney energy and up to 95% of detonation velocity of ***-NGu dissolves in many melt cast eutectics forming dense charges thereby eliminating the need for costly High Bulk Density *** based formulations are at the rock bottom of sensitiveness among all the above-mentioned explosives which contributes to the safety of these *** review gives 132 references to the public *** a review on the synthesis spectroscopy and sensitiveness of Nitroguanidine see Ref.[1].

关键词： Cook-off Detonation Insensitive munitions Nitroguanidine Shock sensitvity

EndoN treatment allows neuroblasts to leave the rostral migratory stream and migrate towards a lesion within the prefrontal cortex of rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1740-1747页

作者： Jannis Gundelach Michael koch Department of Neuropharmacology Center for Cognitive Sciences University of Bremen

The binding properties of neural cell adhesion molecule are modulated by a polysialic acid moiety. This plays an important role in the migration of adult born neuroblasts from their area of origin, the subventricular zone, towards the olfactory bulb. Polysialisation increases the migration speed of the cells and helps to prevent the neuroblasts from leaving their migration route, the rostral migratory stream. Here, we evaluated the potential of intraventricular application of endoneuraminidase-N, an enzyme that specifically cleaves polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecule, in a rat model for structural prefrontal cortex damage. As expected, endoneuraminidase-N caused the rostral migratory stream to become wider, with a less uniform cellular orientation. Furthermore, endoneuraminidase-N treatment caused the neuroblasts to leave the rostral migratory stream and migrate towards the lesioned tissue. Despite the neuroblasts not being differentiated into neurons after a survival time of three weeks, this technique provides a solid animal model for future work on the migration and differentiation of relocated neuroblasts and might provide a basis for a future endogenous stem cell-based therapy for structural brain damage. The experiments were approved by the local animal care committee(522-27-11/02-00, 115;Senatorin für Wissenschaft, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, Bremen, Germany) on February 10, 2016.

关键词： endogenous stem cells endoneuraminidase neural cell adhesion molecule neuroblast migration olfactory bulb polisialic acid structural brain damage subventricular zone

A multichannel neural signal detecting module:Its design and test in animal experiments

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 675-680页

作者： K.P.koch Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering 66386 St.Ingbert Germany

A four-channel neural signal detecting module with an implantable 12-contact cuff electrode was designed for real-time neural signal recording on peripheral and central nerves. The mathematic coupling model between nerve and electronic system was analyzed. Electrode connection configurations were considered. The detecting circuit included an input coupling network, a pre-amplifier, and some filtering and notching stages. Shield guarding and the right-leg-driven circuit were developed for further elimination of common mode interference. By electrode switches, the module could cooperate with a nerve functional electrical stimulation circuit, building a neural channel bridge-connection system. It was tested by recording experiments on rat’s sciatic and spine nerves. The signals in spontaneous and evoked conditions have been captured successfully. In addition, an implantable neural signal detecting CMOS IC has been introduced.

关键词： Cuff electrode quasi-tripolar configuration neural signal recording neural channel bridge-connection.

TRANSFORMATIONS FOR THE PRIZE-COLLECTING STEINER TREE PROBLEM AND THE MAXIMUM-WEIGHT CONNECTED SUBGRAPH PROBLEM TO SAP

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2018年第3期36卷 459-468页

作者： Daniel Rehfeldt Thorsten koch Department of Mathematics Technische Universitat Berlin Germany Zuse Institute Berlin and Technische Universitat Berlin Germany

Transformations of Steiner tree problem variants have been frequently discussed in the literature. Besides allowing to easily transfer complexity results, they constitute a central pillar of exact state-of-the-art solvers for well-known variants such as the Steiner tree problem in graphs. In this article transformations for both the prize-collecting Steiner tree problem and the maximum-weight connected subgraph problem to the Steiner arborescence problem are introduced for the first time. Furthermore, the considerable implications for practical solving approaches will be demonstrated, including the computation of strong upper and lower bounds.

关键词： Prize-collecting Steiner tree problem Maximum-weight connected subgraphproblem Graph transformations Dual-ascent heuristics.

Generation of a long-term daily gridded precipitation dataset for the rTjSj-Upper Indus Basin(UIB)through temporal Reconstruction,Correction I sag&Informed Regionalization-“ReCIR”

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第3期9卷 445-460页

作者： Asim Jahangir Khan Manfred koch Department of Geohydraulics and Engineering Hydrology University of Kassel34125KasselGermany

This study attempted to generate a long-term(1961-2010)daily gridded precipitation dataset for the Upper Indus Basin(UIB)with orographic adjustments so as to generate realistic precipitation estimates,enabling hydrological and water resource investigations that can close the water balance,that is difficult,if not impossible to achieve with the currently available precipitation data products for the *** procedure includes temporal reconstruction of precipitation series at points where data were not recorded prior to the mid-nineties,followed by a regionalization of the precipitation series to a smaller scale across the basin(0.125°x 0.125°),while introducing adjustments for the orographic effect and changes in glacier *** reconstruction process involves interpolation of the precipitation at virtual locations of the current(1995-)dense observational network,followed by corrections for frequency and intensity and adjustments for temporal trends at these virtual *** data generated in this way were further validated for temporal and spatial representativeness through evaluation of SWAT-modelled streamflow responses against observed flows across the *** results show that the calibrated SWAT-simulated daily discharge at the basin outlet as well as at different sub-basin outlets,when forcing the model with the reconstructed precipitation of years 1973—1996,is almost identical to that when forcing it with the reference precipitation data(1997-2008).Finally,the spatial distribution pattern of the reconstructed(1961—1996)and reference(1997—2008)precipitation were also found consistent across the UIB,reflecting well the large-scale atmospheric-circulation pattern in the region.

关键词： Precipitation Temporal reconstruction Orographic correction factor(OCF) Soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) Glacier/water mass balance Upper indus basin(UIB)

A barrier to metal movement: Synchrotron study of iron plaque on roots of wetland plants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 1-3页

作者： Iris koch Michelle M.Nearing Royal Military College of Canada

A wetland with attractive plants hosting birds and other wildlife is an esthetically pleasing prospect that is gaining popularity as a way of stabilizing or remediating metalcontaminated soils and sediment（Weber and ... 详细信息

关键词： Wetland plants Metal contamination Urban brownfield sites X-ray microtomography and microfluorescence Copper Iron Lead Zinc

First Record of the Gekkonid Genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 from Gunung Mulu National Park, Northern Sarawak, East Malaysia may Represent an Undescribed Species

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Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第3期5卷 209-212页

作者： André koch Sebastian SCHULZ Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) Leibniz-Institute for terrestrial Biodiversity

We provide confirmed photographic evidence for the previously overlooked occurrence of the polyphyletic Asian gecko genus Cnemaspis from Gunung Mulu National Park, the world-renowned UNESCO natural heritage site in northern Sarawak, East Malaysia. This new record from Sarawak province represents a remarkable range extension for Cnemaspis cf. kendallii by 550 km to the northeast and denotes the most northern occurrence of the genus in Borneo. Our new finding makes it very likely that these gekkonid lizards also inhabit appropriate limestone karst habitats in adjacent Sabah, Brunei, and Kalimantan. Given the visible differences in the Mulu specimen compared to those from the remaining distribution range on Borneo and the Malaysian Peninsula together with the fact that numerous Cnemaspis species are restricted to small areas, it seems plausible that another undescribed, rather cryptic and possibly locally endemic Bornean species is involved. Lastly, the new record contributes to the importance of the Mulu National Park as a major conservation area in East Malaysia of international concerns.

关键词： Southeast Asia Borneo Gekkonidae herpetofaunal diversity new record