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Unraveling biochar surface area on structure and heavy metal removal performances of carbothermal reduced nanoscale zero-valent iron

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 388-398页

作者： tharindu n.karunaratne Prashan M.Rodrigo Daniel O.Oguntuyi Todd E.Mlsna Jilei Zhang Xuefeng Zhang Department of Sustainable Bioproducts Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Department of Chemistry Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA

Carbothermal reduction using biochar(BC)is a green and effective method of synthesizing BCsupported nanoscale zero-valent iron(nanoFe^(0))***,the effect of BC surface area on the structure,distribution,and performance such as the heavy metal uptake capacity of nanoFe^(0)particles remains *** stover-based BCs with different surface areas(1.7−1472 m^(2)/g)were prepared in this *** have been used for in-situ synthesis BCs-supported nanoFe^(0)particlesthrough carbothermal reduction of ferrous *** BCs-supported nanoFe^(0)particles were found to be covered with graphene shells and dispersed onto BC surfaces,forming the BC-supported graphene-encapsulated nanoFe^(0)(BC-G@Fe^(0))*** graphene shells covering the nanoFe^(0)particles were formed because of gaseous carbon evolved from biomass carbonization reacting with iron oxides/iron *** BC surface area decreased the average diameters of nanoFe^(0)particles,indicating a higher BC surface area alleviated the aggregation of nanoFe^(0)particles,which resulted in higher heavy metal uptake *** the optimized condition,BC-G@Fe^(0)composite exhibited uptake capacities of 124.4,121.8,254.5,and 48.0 mg/g for Cu^(2+),Pb^(2+),Ag^(+),and As^(3+),respectively(pH 5,25℃).Moreover,the BC-G@Fe^(0)composite also demonstrated high stability for Cu^(2+)removal from the fixed-bed continuous flow,in which 1 g of BC-G@Fe^(0)can work for 120 h in a 4 mg/L Cu^(2+)flow continually and clean 28.6 L Cu^(2+)contaminated ***,the BC-G@Fe^(0)composite can effectively immobilize the bioavailable As^(3+)from the contaminated soil,i.e.,5%(w)of BC-G@Fe^(0)composite addition can immobilize up to 92.2%bioavailable As^(3+)from the contaminated soil.

关键词： Carbothermal reduction nanoscale zero-valent iron Heavy metal Fix-bed sorption Soil remediation

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Pyrolytic synthesis of graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported on biochar for heavy metal removal

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 25-41页

作者： tharindu n.karunaratne RMOshani nayanathara Chanaka M.navarathna Prashan M.Rodrigo Rooban V.K.G.Thirumalai Charles U.Pittman Jr Yunsang Kim Todd Mlsna Jilei Zhang Xuefeng Zhang Department of Sustainable Bioproducts Mississippi State UniversityMis-sissippi StateMS 39762USA. Department of Chemistry Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA. Institute for Imaging&Analytical Technologies Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA

Biochar(BC)-supported graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticle composites(BC-G@Fe0)are promising engineering nanocomposites that can be used to scavenge heavy metal from ***,the produc-tion of BC-G@Fe0 through carbothermal reduction using biomass as a carbon source remains challenging because of biomass pyrolysis ***,we examined two carbothermal reduction routes for preparing BC-G@Fe0 using bamboo as the carbon *** first route impregnated Fe ions(Fe^(2+)/^(3+))into unpyrolyzed bamboo parti-cles initially,followed by carbonization at 600-1000℃.This process produced BC-G@Fe0 dominated by iron carbide(Fe_(3)C),which led to low heavy metal removal efficiency(i.e.,Cu^(2+)capacity ofn the second route,bamboo particles were pyrolyzed(600℃)to biochar first,followed by impregnating this biochar with Fe ions,and then carbonized at 600-1000℃.This route produces zero-valent iron nanoparticles,which resulted in high heavy metal removal capacities(i.e.,0.30,1.58,and 1.91 mmol g^(−1)for Pb^(2+),Cu^(2+),and Ag+,respectively).The effects of car-bonization temperature(600-1000℃),iron source(i.e.,iron nitrates,iron sulfate,ferrous chloride,and ferric chloride),and iron loading(5-40%)on the morphology,structure,and heavy metal ion aqueous uptake performance of BC-G@Fe0 were also *** study revealed the formation mechanisms of BC-G@Fe0 through biomass carbother-mal reduction,which could guide the application-oriented design of multifunctional iron-BC composites for water remediation.

关键词： Bamboo Biochar Carbothermal reduction Fe3C Metallic iron Heavy metal

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Diet medication and beta-glucanase affect ileal digesta soluble betaglucan molecular weight,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis vaccinated broiler chickens given wheatbased diets

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Animal nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 288-296页

作者： namalika D.karunaratne Henry L.Classen Andrew Gvan Kessel Michael R.Bedford nancy P.Ames Rex W.newkirk Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N5A8Canada AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada WinnipegR3T 2E1ManitobaCanada

Exogenous enzymes as alternatives to feed antibiotics in poultry has become an emerging research area with the emergence of antibiotic *** objective was to evaluate the effects of diet medication(antibiotics)andβ-glucanase(BGase)on digesta solubleβ-glucan depolymerization,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets.A total of 1,782 broilers were raised on litter floor pens,and each treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of the9 *** 3 dietary treatments were based on wheat as the sole grain(control,control+medication and control+0.1%BGase),and the birds were fed the respective treatments ad libitum from 0 to 33 *** were arranged in a randomized complete block design and analyzed as a one-way ***-glucanase reduced the peak molecular weight,weight average molecular weight(Mw)and maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)in ileal digesta at d 11and 33,whereas diet medication reduced Mw and MW-10%at d 33 compared to the control(Pnase and medication reduced the ileal viscosity at d 11 compared to the control(P=0.010).Ileal propionic acid concentration at d 11 and caecal total SCFA,acetic,and butyric acid concentrations at d 33 were lower in the BGase-supplemented diet than in the control(Pnal p H compared to the control at d 33(P=0.026).The effect of medication on carbohydrate fermentation was *** medication increased weight gain after d 11,whereas BGase increased the gain for the total trial period compared to the control(Pntake was not affected by the dietary *** and BGase improved feed efficiency after d 11 compared to the control(Pnse to diet medication was larger than BGase,considering weight gain and feed efficiency after d 11(Pn conclusion,diet medication and BGase depolymerized high molecular weight ileal solubleβ-g

关键词： Beta-glucan Prebiotic non-starch polysaccharide Soluble fiber Feed antibiotic

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Hulless barley and β-glucanase affect ileal digesta soluble β-glucan molecular weight and digestive tract characteristics of coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers

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Animal nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 595-608页

作者： namalika D.karunaratne Rex W.newkirk nancy P.Ames Andrew G.Van Kessel Michael R.Bedford Henry L.Classen Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 5A8SaskatchewanCanada Agriculture and Agri-food Canada WinnipegR3T 2E1ManitobaCanada AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom

Exogenousβ-glucanase(BGase)in barley-based feed has been shown to reduce digesta viscosity in chickens,and thereby improve *** well studied is the potential for BGase to convert barleyβ-glucan into low molecular weight carbohydrates,which might influence digestive tract function and enteric ***-vaccinated broiler chickens were fed graded levels of hulless barley(HB)and BGase to determine their effects onβ-glucan depolymerization and digestive tract *** were fed highβ-glucan HB(0%,30%and 60%replacing wheat)and BGase(0%,0.01%and 0.1%)in a 3×3 factorial arrangement.A total of 5,346 broilers were raised in litter floor pens and vaccinated for coccidiosis on d *** treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of 9 *** significance level was set at P≤*** both 11 and 33 d of broiler ages,peak molecular weight ofβ-glucan in ileal digesta decreased with increasing BGase for 30%and 60%*** maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)decreased with BGase at both ages for 30%and 60%HB;for birds fed 0%HB,only 0.1%BGase decreased MW-10%.The 0.1%BGase increased caecal short chain fatty acids(SCFA)compared to the 0.01%BGase at d 11 only for the 60%*** pH increased with increasing HB and BGase at d 11 and *** pH was lower for 0.1%BGase than 0%BGase for 60%HB at d *** mRnA expression of interleukin 6(IL-6)and IL-8 in the ileum increased with 0.1%BGase at d 11 and 33,respectively,whereas expression of ileal mucin 2(MUC2)decreased with 0.1%BGase at d *** the caeca,interactions between HB and BGase were significant for monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1)and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)on d 11,but no treatment effects were found at d *** conclusion,BGase depolymerized high molecular weightβ-glucan in HB in a dose-dependent *** barley and BGase did not increase SCFA concentrations(except for 60%HB with 0.1%BGase at d 11)and caused minor effects on digestive tract histomorphological

关键词： Prebiotic non-starch polysaccharide Fermentation Short-chain fatty acid Feed enzyme

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Facial Index Based 2D Facial Composite Process for Forensic Investigation in Sri Lanka

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Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research 2016年第1期4卷 7-16页

作者： P. B. Jayasekara L. Sivaneasharajah M. A. S. Perera J. Perera D. D. karunaratne K. D. Sandaruwan R. n. Rajapakse University of Colombo School of Computing Colombo Sri Lanka Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka

The “facial composite” is one of the major fields in the forensic science that helps the criminal investigators to carry out their investigation process. The survey conducted by United States Law Enforcement Agencies confirms that 80% of the law enforcement agencies use computer automated composite systems whereas Sri Lanka is still far behind in the process of facial composite with lot of inefficiencies in the current manual process. Hence this research introduces a novel approach for the manual facial composite process, while eliminating the inefficiencies of the manual procedure in Sri Lanka. In order to overcome this situation, this study introduces an automated image processing based software solution with 2D facial feature templates targeting the Sri Lankan population. Thus, this was the first ever approach that creates the 2D facial feature templates by incorporating both medically defined indexes and relevant aesthetic aspects. Hence, this research study is comprised of two separate analyses on anthropometric indices and facial feature shapes which were carried out targeting the local population. Subsequently, several evaluation techniques were utilized to evaluate this methodology where we obtained an overall success rate as 70.19%. The ultimate goal of this research study is to provide a system to the law enforcement agencies in order to carry out an efficient and effective facial composite process which can lead to increase the success rate of suspect identification.

关键词： Facial Composite Facial Index Facial Feature Templates Sri Lanka

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