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Sustainability and controlled release behavior of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum PRK7 and its application in probiotic yogurt production

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Food Bioscience 2023年第2期52卷 851-864页

作者： Mariyappan Kowsalya Kattakgounder Govindaraj Sudha Saheb Ali thangavel velmurugan Mohan Prasanna Rajeshkumar Department of Biotechnology K.S.Rangasamy College of Arts and Science(Autonomous)Tiruchengode637215Tamil NaduIndia

Probiotics are used as potential constituents in functional foods and their demand is increasing due to their health ***,to endure the probiotics in intestinal transit and food processing is challenging from a future health *** technique promotes sustainable release at the target *** plantarum PRK7 was microencapsulated with sodium alginate(SA),inulin(SA-I)and skim milk(SA-SK)formulations as encapsulating material to study its influence on food *** physicochemical features and behavior activities of the microbead formulations were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier-transformed infrared,X-ray diffraction methods and encapsulation efficiency,swelling and erosion ratio,hygroscopicity,and viability *** physicochemical studies revealed their smooth surface,size ranging from 405 to 511μm,and amorphous *** encapsulation efficiency of SA,SA-I,and SA-SK microbeads were 96.05%±0.85%,92.77%±1.26%,and 93.98%±1.68%,*** controlled release mechanism of microbeads in the simulated gastric juice was confirmed by studying their swelling and erosion *** SA,SA-I,and SA-SK microbeads exhibited 18.14±1.85,2.98±1.35,and 31.25±1.05 g(hygroscopicity);0.40±0.12,0.35±0.15,and 0.13±0.08 g/ml(dispersibility);and 5.3±1.2×10^(7),6.5±1.8×10^(8),and 6.02±1.5×10^(7) CFU/g(viability),***,the in vitro toxicity study was conducted using zebrafish embryos,which confirmed their nontoxic *** evaluation was performed by 21 panelists using the nine-point hedonic *** SA-I formulation showed the highest overall acceptability score of 8.28±0.64 compared to other ***,from this study it was confirmed that the produced symbiotic microbeads would be beneficial in developing functional food products for future applications.

关键词： Microencapsulation Yogurt L.plantarum Inulin Skim milk Alginate Extrusion Probiotics Functional foods

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Graphene oxide/hydrotalcite modified polyethersulfone nanohybrid membrane for the treatment of lead ion from battery industrial effluent

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第8期60卷 253-261页

作者： Sinu Poolachira Sivasubramanian velmurugan Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology CalicutCalicut 673601India

In the present study, polyethersulfone based nanohybrid membranes were effectively fabricated by incorporating graphene oxide(GO) and hydrotalcite(HT) nanosheets into the membrane structure. HT was prepared to overcome the irreversible agglomeration behavior of GO at a high concentration which affects the performance of the membranes. In particular, the shedding of HT in formamide provides a two-dimensional nanosheet with a higher positive charge density to prevent the restacking of GO nanosheets. Here, exfoliated GO and HT with different combinations(1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) were infused in the membrane matrix to treat lead-acid battery effluent effectively. Finally, the hybrid membranes were characterized for hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and pure water flux. In combination with the superior properties of GO and HT, the prepared hybrid membranes can be used as effectively to improve the separation and permeation performance. The phase inversion process eliminated the leaching of nanoparticles from the membrane matrix. The reusability of the hybrid membrane was achieved using0.1 mol·L^(-1)NaOH solution and reused without significant reduction in lead removal efficiency. The cost analysis of the membrane was also estimated from the lab study. Therefore, the present study suggested the selective and sustainable treatment of lead from a real-life effluent.

关键词： Nanohybrid membrane Polyethersulfone Graphene oxide Hydrotalcite Lead battery effluent Reusability Cost analysis

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In-plane and out-of-plane quasi-static compression performance enhancement of 3D printed re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial with geometrical tuning and fiber reinforcement

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 1-17页

作者： Niranjan Chikkanna Shankar Krishnapillai velmurugan Ramachandran Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras600036India Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras600036India

Auxetic materials are cellular materials with a unique property of negative Poisson’s *** auxeticity and performance of these metamaterials utterly depend on the geometrical parameters and loading *** the first time,the quasi-static uniaxial compression performance of fused filament fabricated re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial is evaluated in the x-direction(in-plane)and z-direction(out-of-plane).The most commonly used thermoplastic feedstock,Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,is considered a material of *** effect of influential geometrical parameters of the re-entrant diamond structure and printing parameter is systematically studied using Taguchi’s design of ***-based multi-objective optimisation technique has been adopted to arrive at the optimal *** are made to improve the stiffness and strength of the structure with fibre *** glass fibre reinforcements have enhanced specific strength and stiffness in both in-plane and out-ofplane directions.A sevenfold and thirteen times increase in specific strength and energy absorption is evident for glass fibre-reinforced structures in out-of-plane directions compared to in-plane *** tuning of geometrical parameters of the re-entrant diamond structure can result in a Poisson’s ratio of up to-3.49 when tested in the *** parametric study has illustrated the tailorability of the structure according to the application *** statistical study has signified each considered parameter’s contribution to the compression performance characteristics of the 3D printed re-entrant diamond auxetic metamaterial.

关键词： Auxeticity Fibre reinforcement Tailorability Anisotropy Geometrical influence Property enhancement

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Analyzing driver's response to yellow indication subjected to dilemma incursion under mixed traffic condition

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第1期8卷 107-116页

作者： Ramesh Chandra Majhi velmurugan Senathipathi Traffic Engineering and Safety Division CSIR-Central Road Research InstituteNew Delhi 110025India

Under mixed traffic conditions prevailing on Indian roads,drivers show complex response when faced with yellow signal because lane assignment gets dynamic in *** present study analyzes the effect of surrounding vehicles on response of the drivers while facing dilemma at *** dilemma zone definitions hold true in case of homogeneous traffic mix,a statistical analysis is performed to check the consistency across the definitions under mixed traffic *** study shows a significant difference in percentage of red light running in comparison to homogeneous traffic as reported by various *** carrying out the research,study locations are chosen in such a way to reflect diversity in road geometry,traffic composition and signal *** results deduced in this study indicate a strong correlation between the driver's decision making choice and the effect of presence of surrounding vehicle at the onset of yellow *** effect of critical time analysis has been found out to be one of the parameters other than critical distance in categorizing driver's aggressiveness while facing the yellow *** the process of identifying the statistical significance of dilemma zone definitions,it has been found that under heterogeneous traffic condition,drivers behave differently as compared to homogenous traffic when it comes to dilemma *** is observed that the percentage of vehicles crossing the intersection when faced with dilemma by violating the red light is 11.6%according to dilemma zone definition I whereas the definition II has yielded about 10.8%violation covering different vehicle *** above violation figures derived based on the above definition is somewhat higher as compared to homogeneous traffic condition which is observed to be of the order of 5%-6%.

关键词： Transportation engineering Mixed traffic Dilemma Dilemma zone Critical time

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Eigen value analysis of composite hollow shafts using modified EMBT formulation considering the shear deformation along the thickness direction

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第10期28卷 1-12页

作者： Pavani Udatha A.S.Sekhar velmurugan R Machine Design Section Department of Mechanical EngineeringIIT MadrasChennai600036India Department of Aerospace Engineering IIT MadrasChennai600036India

Composite hollow shafts are used in power transmission applications due to their high specific stiffness and high specific *** dynamic characteristics of these shafts are important for transmission *** modelling of these shafts is generally carried out using Equivalent Modulus Beam Theory(EMBT)and Layerwise Beam Theory(LBT)*** EMBT formulation is modified by considering stacking sequence,shear normal coupling,bending twisting coupling and bending stretching *** is observed that modified EMBT formulation is underestimating the shafts stiffness at lower length/mean diameter(l/dm)*** the present work,a new formulation is developed by adding shear deformation along the thickness direction to the existing modified EMBT *** variation of shear deformation along the thickness direction is found using different shear deformation theories,i.e.,first-order shear deformation theory(FSDBT),parabolic shear deformation theory(PSDBT),trigonometric shear deformation theory(TSDBT),and hyperbolic shear deformation theory(HSDBT).The analysis is performed at l/d_(m) ratios of 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,and 40 for carbon/epoxy composites,E-glass/epoxy composites,and boron/epoxy composite *** results show that new formulation has improved the bending natural frequency of the composite shafts for l/d_(m)<15 in comparison with modified *** effect of new formulation is more significant for the second and third bending modes of natural frequencies.

关键词： Composite hollow shafts Bending natural frequency Modified EMBT formulation Thickness effect

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Influence of Geometric Design Variable and Bone Quality on Stress Distribution for Zirconia Dental Implants-A 3D Finite Element Analysis

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2018年第11期117卷 125-141页

作者： Duraisamy velmurugan Masilamany Santha Alphin Department of Mechanical Engineering SSN College of EngineeringKalavakkamTamil Nadu603110India

This study aims to investigate the effects of variable thread pitch on stress distribution in bones of different bone qualities under two different loading conditions(Vertical,and Horizontal)for a Zirconia dental *** this purpose,a three dimensional finite element model of the mandibular premolar section and three single threaded implants of 0.8 mm,1.6 mm,2.4 mm pitch was *** element analysis software was used to develop the model and three different bone qualities(Type II,Type III,and Type IV)were prepared.A vertical load of 200 N,and a horizontal load of 100 N was applied at the abutment *** von-Mises stress criterion was used to analyze the *** crestal bony-region of the mandibular section was subjected to maximum von-Mises stresses for all bone *** outcome of this study indicates that,horizontal loading had more influence on stress distribution than vertical loading,regardless of the bone qualities and pitch *** the dental implant pitch does not cause any decrease in stress distribution in bone,when the bone density *** study concluded that implants with minimum pitch values induced lesser stress values at the implant-bone interface.

关键词： Bone quality finite element analysis implant stress.

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A Novel Dimeric BINOL for Enantioselective Recognition of 1,2-Amino Alcohols

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2014年第11期32卷 1157-1160页

作者： Krishnaswamy velmurugan Lijun Tang Raju Nandhakumar Department of Chemistry Karunya UniversityKarunya NagarCoimbatore-641114TamilNaduIndia Department of Chemistry Liaoning Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Functional CompoundsBohai UniversityJinzhouLiaoning 121013China

A novel auxillary chiral dimeric binol has been designed,synthesized,and used to enantioselectively recognize 1,2-amino alcohols through the three point of interactions,the reversible imine bond,resonance assisted hydrogen bonding and the hydrogen bonding by the additional chiral moiety introduced at the *** enantioselectivities were comparable to those of the previous reported receptors.

关键词： dimeric binol receptor enantioselectivity amino alcohols hydrogen bonding ^(1)H NMR

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Prediction of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-thermal cracked cashew nut shell liquid blends using artificial neural network

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第1期10卷 114-124页

作者： Arunachalam velmurugan Marimuthu LOGANATHAN E. James GUNASEKARAN Department of Mechanical Engineering Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608002 India

This paper explores the use of artificial neural networks （ANN） to predict performance, combustion and emissions of a single cylinder, four stroke stationary, diesel engine operated by thermal cracked cashew nut shell liquid （TC-CNSL） as the biodiesel blended with diesel. The tests were performed at three different injection timings （21°, 23°, 25℃A bTDC） by changing the thickness of the advance shim. The ANN was used to predict eight different engine-output responses, namely brake thermal efficiency （BTE）, brake specific fuel consumption （BSFC）, exhaust gas temperature （EGT）, carbon monoxide （CO）, oxide of nitrogen （NOx）, hydrocarbon （HC）, maximum pressure （Pm~,,） and heat release rate （HRR）. Four pertinent engine operating parameters, i.e., injection timing （IT）, injection pressure （IP）, blend percentage and pecentage load were used as the input parameters for this modeling work. The ANN results show that there is a good correlation between the ANN predicted values and the experimental values for various engine performances, combustion parameters and exhaust emission characteristics. The mean square error value （MSE） is 0.005621 and the regression value ofR2 is 0.99316 for training, 0.98812 for validation, 0.9841 for testing while the overall value is 0.99173. Thus the developed ANN model is fairly powerful for predicting the performance, combustion and exhaust emissions of internal combustion engines.

关键词： cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) artificialneural networks (ANN) thermal cracking mean squareerror (MSE)

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Drop weight impact analysis of GFRP tubes with hollow glass particle-filled matrix

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第11期29卷 1-9页

作者： Daniel Paul R.velmurugan N.K.Gupta Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia

Protecting occupants or payloads in crashes and blasts is of utmost importance in both moving and immobile *** way of achieving this is by using a sacrificial energy *** tubes have been studied as potential energy absorbers due to their ability to fail progressively under axial *** this study,the energy absorption capability of these tubes is enhanced by adding hollow glass particles to the ***-weight tests are performed on composite tubes,and a digital image correlation(DIC)-based technique is used to capture their load-displacement *** eliminates the use of electronic data acquisition systems,load cells,and *** load-displacement curves of the tubes are obtained from the DIC-based technique and examined to understand their crushing *** the mean crush load shows a drop,an increase in crush length is *** specific energy absorbed by the tubes improves with an increase in GMB volume *** addition of 0.1,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 vol fractions of GMB results in the specific energy absorption increasing by6.6%,14.7%,24%and 36.6%,respectively,compared to neat glass fibre-epoxy *** examination of the tubes and comparison with tubes subject to quasi-static compression is also performed.

关键词： Composite tubes Syntactic foam Impact Axial compression Digital image correlation

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Microstructure and corrosion behavior of NiTi shape memory alloys sintered in the SPS process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第10期26卷 1311-1321页

作者： C.velmurugan V.Senthilkumar P.S.Kamala Department of Production Engineering National Institute of Technology

NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs) was developed using the spark-plasma sintering(SPS) process with different average particle size(45 μm and 10 μm) under various temperature. The influence of particle size and temperature on the density, microstructure, and corrosion behavior of the NiTi in simulated body fluid was examined. The porosity decreased with increasing sintering temperature and decreasing particle size, which resulted in an increase in density of the alloy. Increasing the sintering temperature led to the formation of Ni-and Ti-rich intermetallic such as Ni3Ti and NiTi2. The formation of these secondary phases influenced the corrosion behavior of NiTi by changing its chemical composition. The planar structure of NiTi was transformed into a dendritic structure at 900℃, which resulted in the formation of uniform oxide and phosphate layers on the entire surface. A high corrosion potential and low corrosion current density were achieved with NiTi prepared with 10 μm particles at 900℃, which exhibited superior corrosion resistance.

关键词： shape memory alloys NiTi microstructure corrosion spark-plasma sintering

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