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Levels of Trihalomethanes in Stored Water from High and Fundamental Schools:Comparison between Two Temporal Data Sets

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第6期10卷 577-586页

作者： Ricardo Andreola Anny Rosi Mannigel Graciene de Souza Bido thaise moser teixeira Edison Schmidt Filho Jussara Ricardo de Oliveira Andre Ribeiro da Costa Rebecca Manesco Paixao Centro Universitário de Maringá(UNICESUMAR) MaringáBrazil Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM) MaringáBrazil

Epidemiological studies have been investigating the relationship between chlorination byproducts exposure and cancer. Studies showed the incidence of colon, rectum and bladder cancer in laboratory animals when halogenated byproducts were administered to them, such as trihalomethanes. Based on this fact, in this work, two data sets of water quality parameters were analyzed with focus on total trihalomethanes (THMt). These two data sets are from two different time periods (one in 2014 and other in 2017). All the samples were collected in the same months, in both data sets. The samples were taken from its same corresponding sampling points in both periods of time. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are undesired byproducts of chlorination and its formation occurs when the chlorine used in water treatment reacts with natural organic matter, which is present in natural waters, during the disinfection process. The aim of this research was to investigate the THMs levels in storage water from the chlorination performed by the Water Treatment Station (WTS) of the Maringá-Parana-Brazil;also, to compare the results obtained with the maximum allowable values (MAVs) established by the Consolidation Resolution n.05/2017, current law of water quality in Brazil. Water samples were collected in eight high and fundamental schools of Maringá-Paraná-Brazil and analyzed through the gas chromatography method by the use of mass spectrometry detector with purge-and-trap concentrator (GC-MS) for THM. Furthermore, parameters such as pH and residual chlorine were analyzed following the methodology proposed by the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The study results to THMt show that the maximum value of 21.5 μg/L obtained is within the MAV of 100 μg/L. Chloroform was the compound with higher concentrations in all samples in THMt analysis. Results of residual chlorine and pH also are within the MAVs. Studies like this are important to continuous monitoring of the water quality d

关键词： Water Treatment Chlorination Byproducts Cancer Tap Water

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Analysis of Haloacetic Acids(HAA5)in Waters of Public Schools and Residencies in Maringa-Brazil

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第11期10卷 1083-1089页

作者： Daniela Jandussi Palumbo Ricardo Andreola Mariza Akiko Utida thaise moser teixeira Edison Schmidt Filho Jussara Ricardo de Oliveira Aline Maria Orbolato Goncalves Zuliani Ariana Ferrari Valmir Tadeu Fernandes Centro Universitário de Maringá(UNICESUMAR) MaringáBrazil

For water to become suitable for human consumption in most water treatment plants this occurs by making use of the chlorination process where the organic matter is destroyed by the action of chlorine. Chlorine is a disinfectant that at low concentrations meets requirements such as not being toxic to humans and inactivating microorganisms. The reaction of chlorine with organic compounds results in chlorination byproducts, many potentially harmful to human health, such as trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, among others. The present work aimed to collect and analyze samples of treated water from reservoirs from public schools in the city of Maringá, Brazil. Analyses of haloacetic acids (HAA5: monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid), natural organic compounds and free residual chlorine were performed (the latter analysis, in loco). The water collection points were chosen in order to maximize the concentration of haloacetic acids that characterize network distant points from treatment station and also samples near the water treatment plant. With the results, the formation of haloacetic acids between the entrance water of the school and the water of the reservoir of the collection points were compared, where higher values were obtained in the reservoirs. Furthermore, the haloacetic acid levels of water supplied to the population close to the treatment station and distant points of the treatment station were compared, resulting in larger values at the distant points. The value of 0.170 mg/L in haloacetic acid (the maximum value allowed by the legislation is 0.080 mg/L) was obtained at a point distant in the network from the treatment plant. The Consolidation Ordinance n.5/2017, current legislation for treated water in Brazil, was used in relation to the maximum allowable values for free residual chlorine and haloacetic acids.

关键词： Chloro Disinfection Natural Organic Compounds Byproducts

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Influence of Cleaning Time in Household Reservoirs on Trihalomethane Formation in Treated Water

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第11期11卷 1389-1397页

作者： Ricardo Andreola Péricles Martim Reche Gervasio Tono Graciene de Souza Bido Daniele Fernanda Felipe Anny Rosi Mannigel André Ribeiro da Costa Gisele Caroline Novakowski Letycia Lopes Ricardo Flavia Helena de Moura Liborio Stephane Raquel Almeida Velande da Fonseca Isabela Silva de Oliveira Giuliano Patrick Rasera thaise moser teixeira University Center of Maringá (UNICESUMAR) Master in Science Technology and Food Safety Maringá Brazil State University of Ponta Grossa Campus Uvaranas Ponta Grossa Brazil State University of Maringá Maringá Brazil Federal University of Paraná Palotina Brazil

Chlorination is an efficient and low-cost technique in disinfecting water for public water supply. However, during the process, the formation of undesirable by-products called halogen compounds, such as trihalome-thanes (THMs), occurs. Some of these compounds are proven to be carcinogenic to laboratory animals. The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence of THMs in household reservoirs and the influence of cleaning time of these reservoirs on the formation of THMs. A total of 103 households were investigated in the city of Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil. The residences were classified according to the cleaning time of the reservoir into: up to one year, one to two years and more than two years. Samples were taken from the reservoirs and total trihalomethanes (THMt) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-MS), total organic carbon (TOC) by means of a Hach kit for low concentrations and free residual chlorine (CLres) by means of a kit for in loco determination. According to the results, the highest concentrations of THMt were observed in the reservoirs with cleaning time of more than 2 years. However, no amount has exceeded the maximum limit allowed by law. In general, the longer the time for cleaning the reservoir, the greater the degradation of water quality in THMt.

关键词： Trihalomethanes Distribution Network Chlorination Cancer

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