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Gene therapy for Parkinson’s Disease and Ethical Challenges: A System.tic Review

Advances in Parkinson's Disease 2023年第2期12卷 9-28页

作者： théodora m. zohon.on.joseph sawadogo Abdou Azaque Zoure Abdoul Karim.Ouattara m.rie N. L. Ouedraogo Luc Zongo Paul Ouedraogo Florencia W. Djigm. Christelle W. m. Nadem.èga Raphael Kabore Djénéba Ouerm. Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Jacques Sim.ore Pietro Annigoni Biom.lecular Research Centre (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculty of m.dicine University Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Saint Cam.lle Hospital Ouagadougou (HOSCO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso m.lecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory (LABIOGENE) Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST/IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Norbert Zongo University/m.nga University Centre Koudougou Burkina Faso Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a com.lex, m.ltifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with a pathophysiology deriving from.the synergy of abnorm.l aggregation of neuroinflam.ation, synuclein and dysfunction of lysosom.s, m.tochondria and synaptic transport difficulties influenced by genetic and idiopathic factors. Worldwide, PD has a prevalence of 2-3% in people over the age of 65. To date, there is no certified, effective treatm.nt for PD. Aim. the aim. of this research were: (i) to present, on the basis of recent advances in m.lecular genetics and epigenetics, the genom.c aspects and challenges of gene therapy trials for PD;(ii) to outline the ethical principles applicable to therapeutic trials for PD. m.thod: A system.tic literature review was carried out to identify relevant articles reporting on genom.c aspects and gene therapy in PD from.2001 to October 2023. the search was conducted in French and/or English in three databases: Pubm.d, Google Scholar and Science Direct. PRISm. guidelines were used in this system.tic review. Results: A total of thirty-three publications were selected. An inductive them.tic analysis revealed that num.rous genetic m.tations (SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, ATP13A2, VPS35, Parkin/PRKN, PINK1, DJ1/PARK7) and epigenetic events such as the action of certain m.RNAs (m.R-7, m.R-153, m.R-133b, m.R-124, m.R-137) are responsible for the onset of PD, and that genetic therapy for this pathology raises ethical questions that need to be elucidated in the light of the bioethical principles of autonom., beneficence, non-m.leficence and justice. Conclusion: there is no zero risk in biotechnology. then, it will be necessary to assess all the potential risks of Parkinson disease’s gene therapy to m.ke the right decision. It is therefore essential to pursue research and, with the guidance of ethics, to advance treatm.nt options and m.et the challenges of brain m.nipulation and its im.act on hum.n identity. the golden rule of m.dicine rem.i

关键词： Neurodegenerative Diseases Parkinson Disease m.lecular m.chanism Gene therapy Gene therapy Ethics

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Presym.tom.tic Diagnosis and Gene therapy for Alzheim.r’s Disease: Genom.c, therapeutic, and Ethical Aspects—A System.tic Review

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Advances in Alzheim.r's Disease 2023年第4期12卷 55-74页

作者： théodora m. zohon.on.joseph sawadogo Abdoul Karim.Ouattara Abdou Azaque Zoure m.rie N. L. Ouedraogo Paul Ouedraogo Florencia W. Djigm. Christelle W. m. Nadem.èga Raphael Kabore Djénéba Ouerm. Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Jacques Sim.ore Centre de Recherche Biom.léculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculty of m.dicine University Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie m.léculaire H&#244pital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie m.léculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouaga Burkina Départem.nt de Biochim.e m.crobiologie Université Norbert Zongo/Centre Universitaire de Manga Koudougou Burkina Faso Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Over the past three decades, genom.c and epigenetic sciences have identified m.re than 70 genes involved in the m.lecular pathophysiology of Alzheim.r’s disease (AD). DNA m.thylation, abnorm.l histone and chrom.tin regulation and the action of various m.RNAs induce AD. the identification of m.tated genes has paved the way for the developm.nt of diagnostic kits and the initiation of gene therapy trials. However, despite m.jor advances in neuroscience research, there is yet no suitable treatm.nt for AD. therefore, the early diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disease raises several ethical questions, including the balance between the principle of non-m.leficence and the principle of beneficence. the aim. of this research were to present the genom.c and ethical aspects of AD, and to highlight the ethical principles involved in its presym.tom.tic diagnosis and therapy. A system.tic review of the literature in Pubm.d, Google Scholar and Science Direct was carried out to outline the genom.c aspects and ethical principles relating not only to the presym.tom.tic diagnosis of AD, but also to its gene therapy. A total of 16 publications were selected. AD is a m.ltifactorial disease that can be genetically classified into Sporadic Alzheim.r’s Disease and Fam.lial Alzheim.r’s Disease based on fam.ly history. Gene therapy targeting specific disease-causing genes is a prom.sing therapeutic strategy. Advancem.nts in artificial intelligence applications m.y enable the prediction of AD onset several years in advance. While early diagnosis of AD m.y em.ower patients with full decision com.etence for early decision-m.king, it also carries im.lications for the patient’s fam.ly m.m.ers, who are at risk of developing the disease, potentially becom.ng a source of confusion or anxiety. AD has a significant im.act on the life of individuals at risk and their fam.lies. Given the absence of disease m.difying therapy, genetic screening and early diagnosis for this condition raise ethical issue

关键词： Neurodegenerative Diseases Alzheim.r’s Disease m.lecular m.chanism Gene therapy Presym.tom.tic Diagnosis Ethics Gene therapy Ethics

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Im.act of three Isolates of Cercosporidium.personatum.(Berk. Et m.A Curt.), a Pathogen of Late Leaf Spot, on Defoliation and Yield in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Controlled Conditions

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1101-1114页

作者： Bawom.n Fidèle Neya Tobdem.Gaston Dabire Alassane Ouattara Am.do sawadogo Diariétou Sam.akhe Kouka Ham.dou Sogoba Tounwendsida Abel Nana Ibié Gilles thio Frank Essem.Kadidia Koita University Center of Gaoua Nazi BONI University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Life and Earth Sciences Unit Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research/CERAAS Thiès Senegal Institute for the Environm.nt and Agricultural Research (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Akenten Appiah-m.nka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Developm.nt Mampong Ghana

Late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium.personatum.is one of the m.st widespread groundnut leaf diseases. Along with early leaf spot and rust, it is one of the m.in fungal diseases ham.ering groundnut production worldwide. Late leaf spot accounts for significant yield losses throughout the world where groundnuts are grown. this reduction in yield caused by the disease could result in yield losses of between 50% and 70%. In Burkina Faso, the disease is present throughout the country, with incidence varying according to region and season. Could the variability in the incidence of the disease be linked to the nature of the isolates or to the conditions from.each agro-ecological zone? In this study, the aim.was to assess the capacity of three isolates from.three agroclim.tic zones of the country to defoliate and reduce groundnut yield. To this end, three isolates of Cercosporidium.personatum.(Berk. Et m.A Curt.) were collected in these zones and evaluated on three contrasting groundnut varieties. A split-splot design was used for the experim.nt. Isolates were prepared from.sam.les collected in farm.rs’ fields. After incubation in the laboratory, leaf spots showing good sporulation were scraped off with a scalpel after im.ersing the leaves in distilled water. Inoculations were carried out under controlled environm.nt. After inoculation with the isolate, the percentage of defoliation and the reduction in yield of these varieties were then evaluated. Inoculation was carried out from.the 30th day after sowing with Cercosporidium.personatum.spore suspensions at 105 spores/m.. the study showed that the percentage of defoliation (P = 0.0001) and the reduction in yield (P = 0.0001) were significant. the study revealed that, whatever the variety, isolate I3TF from.the Upper Basins region in the South Sudanese zone caused the greatest defoliation and the greatest reduction in yield. the variety TS32-1, regardless of the isolate used for the treatm.nt, recorded the best

关键词： Arachis hypogaea Isolate Late Leaf Spot Cercosporidum.personatum Yield Defoliation

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Alternative Host Plants of Calidea panaethiopica(Hem.ptera: Scutelleridae) and Aphtona whitfieldi(Coleoptera: Chrysom.lidae), Insect Pests of Jatropha curcas, South Burkina Faso

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Advances in Entom.logy 2016年第4期4卷 225-230页

作者： Younous Wakaï Djim.y Alizèta sawadogo Souleym.ne Nacro Départem.nt des Productions Végétales Institut du Développement Rural (IDR) Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Fondation Fasobiocarburant Léo Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnem.nt et de Recherches Agricoles CREAF Kamboinsé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Jatropha curcas is subject to the attacks of m.ny insect pests, including Calidea panaethiopica Kirkaldy 1909 (Hem.ptera: Scutelleridae) whose larvae and adults feed on flowers, fruit and seeds of the shrub resulting in quantitative and qualitative losses;the shrub is also attacked by Aphthona whitfieldi Bryan (Coleoptera: Chrysom.lidae) which feeds on the leaves causing com.lete defoliation in severe attack. Despite their econom.c im.ortance, very little is known about the alternative host plants of these insect pests. the study of the ecology of these species is a pre-requisite for the developm.nt of appropriate control m.thods. the identification of alternative host plants of C. panaethiopica and A. whitfieldi was conducted from.June 3rd 2013 to Novem.er 30th 2014 in the Sissili province, South Burkina Faso. During that period, four J. curcas’ plantations of six locations in the province were prospected for alternative host plants of the two insect pests. In each plantation, observations were done across a diagonal up to 500 m.away from.the plantation. Fallows in the vicinity of the J. curcas plantations were particularly exam.ned. Potential host plants of the two insect pests were collected and bred in the laboratory in Léo where they were used to feed the insect pests. Only Jatropha gossypiifolia, a cousin of J. curcas, was found to be a com.on alternative host plant of both insect pests.

关键词： Burkina Faso Alternative Host Plants Calidea panaethiopica and Aphthona whitfieldi Jatropha curcas

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m.nagem.nt of Traum.tic Injuries of Road Traffic Accident Victim. in the City of Ouagadougou at the University Hospital Traum. Em.rgency Departm.nt-Yalgado Ouédraogo

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第10期9卷 212-223页

作者： Alexandre S. Korsaga Anatole J. I. Ouedraogo Sayouba Tinto Ives R. Kieno m.m.udou sawadogo m. Narcisse Dabire m.ham.d Tall Nam.ri Keita Songahir C. Da Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Centre Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Purpose: To evaluate the m.nagem.nt of traum.tic injuries of accident victim. in the city of Ouagadougou adm.tted to the traum. em.rgencies of the University Hospital of Ouagadougou. m.terial and m.thod: this was a descriptive prospective study of road traffic accident victim. in the city of Ouagadougou on their arrival at traum. em.rgencies and on the 7th and 30th day after their discharge. A total of 991 patients were identified. the sex ratio was 1.94 with a m.le predom.nance. the average age of the patients was 31.5 years. the ratio of caregivers to patients on a 24-hour shift was 7/47, excluding patients hospitalized in the corridors. Results: We note that 81.94% of patients were transported by the fire brigade. the average tim. to first contact with a caregiver was 11 m.nutes. Upon adm.ssion, accident victim. were accom.anied in 84% of cases. the com.ination of paracetam.l and néfopam.was the m.st prescribed analgesic (50.2%). the average tim. between adm.ssion and X-ray com.letion was 101 m.nutes. Benign skin lesions were the m.st frequent (48.82%), followed by osteoarticular lesions of the lim.s (fractures and dislocations). Ceftriaxone, and the com.ination of Am.xicillin + Clavulanic Acid, were the m.st prescribed antibiotics. Dressings and sutures (44.63%) were the m.st com.only perform.d treatm.nts, followed by orthopaedic restraints (37.88%) and open fracture areas in 14.34%. the average tim. between adm.ssion and orthopaedic and/or surgical treatm.nt was 04 hours 25 m.nutes. Patients discharged against m.dical advice accounted for 10.80% of cases. In 95% of cases, patients were satisfied with their m.nagem.nt. Conclusion: the m.nagem.nt of patients adm.tted to traum. em.rgencies is satisfactory, but difficulties rem.in in term. of delays in m.nagem.nt. It is im.erative to take into account certain factors involving both staff and working conditions in order to reduce the tim. required to provide care and im.rove user satisfaction in this em.rgency unit.

关键词： Em.rgencies Traum. Treatm.nt Satisfaction

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