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Determinants of Household Choice of Livelihood Diversification Strategies in Selected Drought Prone Areas of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1375-1392页

作者： Aschalew Aweke tewodros tefera Muluken Gezahegn Million Sileshi School of Rural Development and Agricultural Innovation Debre-Markos University and PhD Candidate at Haramaya University East Gojjam Zone Amhara Region Ethiopia RAISE FS Project and REFOOTURE Ethiopia Project Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Rural Development and Agricultural Innovation College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia School of Agricultural Economics and Agro-Business College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia

The study aimed at identifying the determinants of household’s choice of livelihood diversification strategies. The result of the study based on a total of 384 sample respondents selected using multistage sampling procedures. Furthermore the study employed bivariate Probit econometric model to identify factors affecting household’s choice of livelihood diversification strategies. The result of the descriptive statistics showed that households in the study area were engaged in four types of combination of livelihood diversification strategies: on-farm only, on-farm plus off-farm, on-farm plus non-farm, and on-farm plus off-farm plus non-farm with their respective share of 34.9, 11.5, 47.9 and 5.7 percent respectively. The econometric model result showed that wealth, sex, education level, livestok holding, and training were negatively and significantly determined households choice of off-farm livelihood strategies;whereas past erosion hazard and distance to market were positively and significantly determined their choice of off-farm livelihood strategies. On the other hand, wealth, dependency ratio, past erosion hazard, market availability, yield loss/reduction due to drought, distance to credit source, distance to market, frequency of extension contact, and ICT ownership (Radio, TV and/or Mobile phone) positively determine household’s choice of non-farm livelihood strategies whereas access to irrigation and distance to credit negatively determined their choice of non-farm livelihood strategies.

关键词： Determinants Drought Livelihood Diversification Non-Farm Off-Farm On-Farm

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Modeling the System for Hybrid Renewable Energy Using Highly Efficient Converters and Generator

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第3期8卷 356-366页

作者： tefera Kitaba Department of Electrical Power Engineering Ethiopian Defence University College of EngineeringBishoftuDebre Zeit 1041Ethiopia

High-efficient isolated DC/DC converters with a high-efficiency synchronous reluctance generator(SRG)are the ultimate solutions in DC microgrid *** design and modeling of isolated DC/DC converters with the performance of SRG are carried *** the generator side,reactive and active powers are used as pulse width modulation(PWM)control ***,the flux estimator is ***-phase PWM rectifier is used by applying space vector modulation(SVM)with a constant switching frequency for direct power ***,the paper also includes the experimental validation of the *** paper also proposes that highly efficient power converters and synchronous reluctance generators are required to achieve high performance for hybrid renewable energy systems applications.

关键词： DC-DC Duty ratio Isolated DTC SRG Converters

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Cauchy matrix approach to three non-isospectral nonlinear Schrödinger equations

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 1-15页

作者： Alemu Yilma tefera Shangshuai Li Da-jun Zhang Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai University Shanghai 200444China Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda UniversityTokyo 169-8555Japan

This paper aims to develop a direct approach,namely,the Cauchy matrix approach,to non-isospectral integrable *** the Cauchy matrix approach,the Sylvester equation plays a central role,which defines a dressed Cauchy matrix to provideτfunctions for the investigated *** this paper,using the Cauchy matrix approach,we derive three non-isospectral nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their explicit *** equations are generically related to the time-dependent spectral parameter in the Zakharov–Shabat–Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur spectral *** solutions are obtained from the solutions of unreduced non-isospectral nonlinear Schrödinger equations through complex *** solutions are analyzed and illustrated to show the non-isospectral effects in dynamics of solitons.

关键词： Cauchy matrix approach Sylvester equation nonlinear Schrödinger equation non-isospectral integrable system explicit solution

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Cauchy matrix approach to three non-isospectral nonlinear Schr?dinger equations

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期 3-17页

作者： Alemu Yilma tefera Shangshuai Li Da-jun Zhang Department of Mathematics Shanghai University Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai University Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University

This paper aims to develop a direct approach, namely, the Cauchy matrix approach, to non-isospectral integrable systems. In the Cauchy matrix approach, the Sylvester equation plays a central role, which defines a dressed Cauchy matrix to provide τ functions for the investigated equations. In this paper, using the Cauchy matrix approach, we derive three non-isospectral nonlinear Schr?dinger equations and their explicit solutions. These equations are generically related to the time-dependent spectral parameter in the Zakharov–Shabat–Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur spectral problem. Their solutions are obtained from the solutions of unreduced non-isospectral nonlinear Schr?dinger equations through complex reduction. These solutions are analyzed and illustrated to show the non-isospectral effects in dynamics of solitons.

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Community Caregivers’ Experiences and Programmatic Strategies to Improve Active Case Finding in Community Tuberculosis Care in Botswana 2016-2021

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 105-118页

作者： Unami Modongo-Mathebula Mary Moleki tefera Agizew Faculty of Health Sciences University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Background: The community tuberculosis care program was started to reduce the impact of TB and increase successful treatment outcomes, thus contributing to meeting WHO targets on TB. According to the Botswana Ministry of Health, community tuberculosis care was introduced with the main goal of reducing tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality among communities through the expansion of direct observed therapy and community involvement to community settings. The community caregivers were to support tuberculosis patients throughout their treatment period until they were cured or had completed their treatment. Settings: Two major cities of Botswana, Francistown and Gaborone, with more than twenty-two health clinics offering tuberculosis care. Objective: To investigate community caregivers’ experiences and identify programmatic strategies to improve active TB case findings under the community TB care (CTBC) program in Botswana during 2016-2021. Methods: We adopted a descriptive qualitative research design, followed by convenience purposive sampling. We obtained consent and interviewed 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria, 16 out of 73 in Gaborone and 24 out of 38 from Francistown. Results: We interviewed 40 caregivers with a mean age of 43.4 years. Accepting the caregiving role was identified as the main experience by more than two thirds of the caregivers. While at least more than two-fifth felt obligated to care for the patient at home due to personal relations. More than half of the respondents found caregiving difficult or frustrating due to some challenges encountered during the caregiving role. Behavioral modifications were suggested under different subthemes as strategies to improve active case finding. [-rId13-]Conclusion: Acceptance was the major experience in CTBC. Intensification of known programmatic strategies was suggested by caregivers to improve tuberculosis active case finding in CTBC.

关键词： Community Experiences Caregivers Active Case Finding Tuberculosis Community Tuberculosis Care

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Copper nanoparticles/polyaniline-derived mesoporous carbon electrocatalysts for hydrazine oxidation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 329-338页

作者： Tao Zhang tewodros Asefa Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Jersey NJ 08854 USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers The State University of New JerseyNew JerseyNJ 08854 USA

Copper nanoparticles-decorated polyaniline- derived mesoporous carbon that can serve as noble metal-free electrocatalyst for the hydrazine oxidation reaction （HzOR） is synthesized via a facile synthetic route. The material exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward HzOR with low overpotential and high current density. The material also remains stable during the electrocatalytic reaction for long time. Its good electro- catalytic performance makes this material a promising alternative to conventional noble metal-based catalysts （e.g., Pt） that are commonly used in HzOR-based fuel cells.

关键词： copper nanoparticles mesoporous carbon noble metal-free electrocatalyst hydrazine oxidation reaction polyaniline

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Pleiotropy Structures Plant Height and Seed Weight Scaling in Barley despite Long History of Domestication and Breeding Selection

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第1期5卷 85-93页

作者： Tianhua He tefera Tolera Angessa Chengdao Li Western Crop Genetics Alliance Agricultural SciencesCollege of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia Agriculture and Food Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentSouth PerthWAAustralia

Size scaling describes the relative growth rates of different body parts of an organism following a positive *** and crop breeding often target the scaling traits in the opposite *** genetic mechanism of the size scaling influencing the pattern of size scaling remains ***,we revisited a diverse barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)panel with genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)profile and the measurement of their plant height and seed weight to explore the possible genetic mechanisms that may lead to a correlation of the two traits and the influence of domestication and breeding selection on the size *** height and seed weight are heritable and remain positively correlated in domesticated barley regardless of growth type and *** structural equation modeling systematically evaluated the pleiotropic effect of individual SNP on the plant height and seed weight within a trait correlation *** discovered seventeen novel SNPs(quantitative trait locus)conferring pleiotropic effect on plant height and seed weight,involving genes with function in diverse traits related to plant growth and *** disequilibrium decay analysis revealed that a considerable proportion of genetic markers associated with either plant height or seed weight are closely linked in the *** conclude that pleiotropy and genetic linkage likely form the genetic bases of plant height and seed weight scaling in *** findings contribute to understanding the heritability and genetic basis of size scaling and open a new venue for seeking the underlying mechanism of allometric scaling in plants.

关键词： breeding scaling Plant

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One Pot, Multi-component Synthesis of 3-[（4-Aryl-thiazol-2-yl）-hydrazono]-1,3-dihydro-indole-2-one

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2014年第4期30卷 601-604页

作者： AYCHILUHIM tewodros Birhanu VEDULA Rajeswar Rao Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Waranga1506 004 A. P. India

A series of 3-[（4-phenyl-thiazol-2-yl）-hydrazono]-1,3-dihydro-indole-2-one（4a-4g） and 3-{[4-（2-oxo2H-chromen-3-yl）-thiazol-2-yl]-hydrazono}-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one（6a-6d） has been prepared in a one-step procedure from condensation reaction of isatin（1）,thiosemicarbazide（2） and bromoacetophenones（3）/or 3-（2-bromoacetyl）coumarins（4）.The method provides a simple and efficient route to prepare the compounds in good yields and in a short experimental time as compared to its stepwise procedure.

关键词： Isatin Thiazole Coumarin Multi-component reaction One-pot synthesis

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Exclosures restored the density and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 339-350页

作者： Emiru Birhane Kide Mogos Gebremedihin tewodros Tadesse Mengsteab Hailemariam Negasi Solomon Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental protection Mekelle UniversityPO Box 231MekelleEthiopia Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesPO Box 50031432ÅsNorway Department of Natural Resource Economics and Management Mekelle UniversityPO Box 231MekelleEthiopia

Introduction:Exclusion of grazing animals and tree plantations were among the methods used for the restoration of degraded lands in tropical semiarid *** can foster secondary forest succession by improving soil conditions and modifying microclimate for understory *** paper compared the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)spore density,root colonization of woody plants and soil chemical properties under exclosure with increasing age,and grazing land at different slope ***:The study was conducted in northern Ethiopia from 12 exclosure sites paired each with adjacent grazing land in total from 24 sites with four treatments replicated three *** the entire study,216 plots were examined of which 108 were in exclosures and 108 in communal grazing *** were four age classes and three slope positions in each of the land *** soil and root samples were collected using nested plots measuring 100m2 from four sides of 1763 plants for spore enumeration and root *** for chemical properties were collected from the four corners and center of 5 m×5 m ***:All the 61 woody plant species that belong to 41 families were colonized by *** density and root colonization were significantly higher in exclosures as compared to grazing land and increased with increasing ages of *** slope had significantly higher spore density and root colonization than middle and upper *** chemical properties were significantly higher in the exclosure,oldest age of exclosure,and foot slope position(except P).AMF spore density and root colonization were significantly positively correlated with soil chemical ***:Exclosures are helpful to restore the AMF spore density and root colonization of woody species and soil fertility.

关键词： Spore density Root colonization Age of exclosure Slope position

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Parasitic contamination of raw vegetables and fruits collected from selected local markets in Arba Minch town,Southern Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 166-172页

作者： Fitsum Bekele Tamirat tefera Gelila Biresaw Tsegaye Yohannes Department of Public Health College of Health Sciences and MedicineWolaita Sodo UniversityP.O.Box 138Wolaita SodoEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology College of Public Health and Medical SciencesJimma UniversityP.O.Box 378JimmaEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Health Sciences and Medicine Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:One way that people get infected with intestinal parasites is through the consumption of contaminated vegetables and *** study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables collected from four local markets in Arba Minch town,Southern ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 21 September 2014 to determine the level of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables sold in Arba Minch town.A total of 360 samples of different types of fruits and vegetables were soaked in physiological saline,followed by vigorous shaking with the aid of a mechanical shaker for 15 minutes and then examined using the sedimentation concentration ***:Out of the 360 samples examined,196(54.4%)were contaminated with at least one type of *** lumbricoides(20.83%)was the most frequently detected parasite and Isospora belli(3.06%)was the least frequently detected *** was also observed that decreased parasitic contamination was significantly associated with washing the products before displaying it for selling(P<0.001).Conclusions:The findings of this study provide evidence that there is a potentially high risk of acquiring parasitic infections from the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits in Arba Minch,*** authors believe that an effort should be made by the relevant bodies to reduce the rate of contamination of products with medically important parasites by educating the vendors and the community.

关键词： Vegetable and fruits contamination Intestinal parasite Health education Arba Minch Ethiopia

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