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Insights into the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy: focus on glial cytoplasmic inclusions

Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第1期9卷 66-80页

作者： Seiji kaji Takakuni Maki Tomoyuki Ishimoto Hodaka Yamakado Ryosuke Takahashi Department of Neurology Graduate School of MedicineKyoto University54 Shogoin-Kawahara-choSakyo-kuKyotoJapan

Multiple system atrophy(MSA)is a debilitating and fatal neurodegenerative *** disease severity warrants urgent development of disease-modifying therapy,but the disease pathogenesis is still *** in MSA brains is preceded by the emergence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions(GCIs),which are insoluble α-synuclein accumulations within oligodendrocytes(OLGs).Thus,preventive strategies against GCI formation may suppress disease ***,although numerous studies have tried to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of GCI formation,difficulty remains in understanding the pathological interaction between the two pivotal aspects of GCIs;asynuclein and *** difficulty originates from several enigmas:1)what triggers the initial generation and possible propagation of pathogenic α-synuclein species?2)what contributes to OLG-specific accumulation of α-synuclein,which is abundantly expressed in neurons but not in OLGs?and 3)how are OLGs and other glial cells affected and contribute to neurodegeneration?The primary pathogenesis of GCIs may involve myelin dysfunaion and dyshomeostasis of the oligodendroglial cellular environment such as autophagy and iron *** have previously reported that oligodendrocyte precursor cells are more prone to develop intracellular inclusions in the presence of extracellular fibrillary α-*** finding implies a possibility that the propagation of GCI pathology in MSA brains is mediated through the internalization of pathological α-synuclein into oligodendrocyte precursor *** this review,in order to discuss the pathogenesis of GCIs,we will focus on the composition of neuronal and oligodendroglial inclusions in ***,we will introduce some hypotheses on how α-synuclein pathology spreads among OLGs in MSA brains,in the light of our data from the experiments with primary oligodendrocyte lineage cell *** various reports have focused on the mysterious source of α-

关键词： Multiple system atrophy a-synuclein Glial cytoplasmic inclusion Prion Neurodegeneration Oligodendrocyte Microglia Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte precursor cell

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Manipulation of Charge-Transfer States by Molecular Design:Perspective from“Dynamic Exciton”

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第7期2卷 501-514页

作者： Hiroshi Imahori Yasuhiro Kobori Hironori kaji Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityNishikyokuKyoto 615-8510Japan Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences(WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto UniversitySakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan Molecular Photoscience Research Center and Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKobe UniversityNada-kuKobe 657-8501Japan Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto UniversityUjiKyoto 611-0011Japan

CONSPECTUS:“Dynamic exciton”,an umbrella term concept in photochemistry,plays an important role in nature,science,and technology,especially in photoinduced and electrically induced electron transfer(ET)between a donor(D)and an acceptor(A).Typically,an exciton in molecular D−A systems is considered a locally excited(LE)state of a donor(D*)or an acceptor(A*)molecule,but let us extend the terminology of“exciton”to an integrated class of LE,charge-transfer(CT),and charge-separated(CS)*** degree of CT(0−100%),spin multiplicity,and D−A interaction(i.e.,electronic coupling)are pivotal factors in the“exciton”.Another important aspect of the“exciton”is strongly related to the“dynamic”aspect of the“exciton”by movement of atomic nuclei(i.e.,vibration,rotation,and fluctuation)and their collective motions controlling behaviors of electrons and spins by the passage of *** concept of“dynamic exciton”should cover a wide variety of the photochemical phenomena that are all essential for the energy conversion devices and processes including various kinds of living *** these,a huge amount of the nuclear motional modes may cooperatively be entangled to electronic ***,the idea behind“dynamic exciton”includes usage of the cooperation between nuclear motions and the spin−orbital,as electron−phonon coupling for innovative designs of the energy conversion materials and *** this,it is particularly important to examine how this wide variety of the motions plays roles on electronic couplings,intermediate geometries and mobilities,exciton energies,CT characters,and so *** draw researchers’attention to this aspect of the vibronic effect,like the entropy role by collective movement of side chains of the conjugated polymer to modulate the electronic coupling time-dependently at the charge delocalization and dissociation,which is reinforced three-dimensionally at the D/A domain interface of organic photovoltaics(OPVs).In addition,to realize the ultimate high

关键词： excited vibrational collective

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Dynamic Transition of Exchange Rate Regime in China

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China & World Economy 2014年第3期22卷 36-55页

作者： Naoyuki Yoshino Sahoko kaji Tamon Asonuma Asian Development Bank Institute Department of Economics Keio UniversityJapan International Monetary Fund WashingtonDCUSA

Thepaper considers the optimal transition path for China＇s exchange rate regime. How can China successfully make the shift from the current dollar peg regime to a more desirable regime, whether a basket peg or a floating regime？ To answer this question, we develop a dynamic small open economy general equilibrium model. We construct four transition policies based on a basket peg or a floating regime and compare the welfare gains of these policies relative to maintaining the dollar peg regime. Two main results are derived from the quantitative analysis using Chinese data from 1999Q1 to 2010Q4. First, following a gradual adjustment to a basket peg regime is the most appropriate path for China to take, with minimal welfare losses associated with the shift in the exchange rate regime. Second, a sudden shift to the basket peg is the second best solution, and is superior to a sudden shift to floating because the monetary authority can efficiently determine optimal weights to attach to currencies in the basket to achieve policy goals once they adopt a basket peg regime.

关键词： Chinese renminbi Chinese exchange rate regime dynamic adjustment transition path

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Nafamostat mesylate-induced hyperkalemia in critically ill patients with COVID-19: Four case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第21期8卷 5320-5325页

作者： Masaki Okajima Yoshinori Takahashi Takaaki kaji Naohiko Ogawa Hideyuki Mouri Intensive Care Unit Kanazawa University HospitalKanazawa 920-8641IshikawaJapan Department of Rheumatology Kanazawa University HospitalKanazawa 920-8641IshikawaJapan Department of Nephrology Kanazawa University HospitalKanazawa 920-8641IshikawaJapan Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanazawa University HospitalKanazawa 920-8641IshikawaJapan

BACKGROUND Nafamostat mesylate(NM)may prove to be one of the key drugs effective against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)because of its anti-viral properties and the potential to manage ***,NM tends to increase serum potassium *** SUMMARY We observed hyperkalemia immediately after NM administration(200 mg/d)in four consecutive patients who were admitted to the Kanazawa University Hospital with severe COVID-19 *** potassium excretion decreased after NM administration in three patients who underwent *** NM is likely to produce hyperkalemia in patients with ***,it is necessary to monitor serum potassium values closely after NM initiation in COVID-19 patients who need respiratory support.

关键词： COVID-19 Nafamostat Hyperkalemia Disseminated intravascular coagulation Respiratory insufficiency Case report

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Effects of silviculture treatments in a hurricane-damaged forest on carbon storage and emissions in central Hokkaido, Japan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第1期22卷 13-20页

作者： Toshiaki Owari Naoto Kamata Takeshi Tange Mikio kaji Akio Shimomura Hokkaido Forest Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 2 jo Kita 1 Yamabe Furano Hokkaido 079-1561 Japan Chichibu Forest Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-49 Hinoda Chichibu Saitama 368-0034 Japan Department of Forest Science Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo Tokyo 113-8657 Japan

Hurricanes cause abrupt carbon reduction in forests, but silviculture treatment can be an effective means of quickly regenerating and restoring hurricane-damaged sites. This study assessed how silviculture treatments affect carbon balance after hurricane damage in central Hokkaido, Japan. We examined carbon storage in trees and underground vegetation as well as carbon emissions from silviculture operations in 25-year-old stands, where scarification and plantation occurred just after hurricane damage. The amount of carbon stored varied according to silviculture treatment. Among three scarification treatments, a scarified depth of 0 cm （understory vegetation removal） led to the largest amount of carbon stored （64.7 t·ha^-1 C）. Among four plantation treatments, the largest amount of carbon was stored in a Larix hybrid （L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi） plantation （80.3 t·ha^-1 C）. The plantation of Abies sachalinensis was not successful at accumulating carbon （40.5·ha^-1 C）. The amount of carbon emitted from silviculture operations was 0.05-0.14 t·ha^-1 C, and it marginally affected the net carbon balance of the silviculture project. Results indicate that silviculture treatments should beperformed in an appropriate way to effectively recover the ability of carbon sequestration in hurricane-damaged forests.

关键词： carbon emission carbon storage forest restoration hurricane damage plantation scarification

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Optimizing the solar energy capture of residential roof design in the southern hemisphere through Evolutionary Algorithm

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2021年第4期2卷 406-424页

作者： Saleh kaji Esfahani Ali Karrech Robert Cameron Mohamed Elchalakani Rosangela Tenorio Fernando Jerez The Faculty of Arts BusinessLaw and EducationSchool of DesignUniversity of Western Australia6009 PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences School of EngineeringUniversity of Western Australia6009 PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia The Australian Urban Design Research Centre University of Western Australia6000 PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia

Australia’s national energy system is heavily reliant on coal-fired power plants and requires quick action to de-crease CO_(2)emissions in order to meet the Paris climate change agreement by *** a good alternative to coal power,renewable resources can produce the required energy for Australia while keeping the environment *** annual amount of falling solar irradiation in Australia is a few thousand times higher than its energy consumption,but the amount of the collected solar energy is *** Perth,the sunniest city in Aus-tralia,one-third of the residential dwellings have roof-mounted solar collector ***,there have been limited studies into the integration of these systems in building design and it is still unknown which roof design can deliver maximum efficiency based on the local environmental ***,the aims of this study are to determine the optimum residential roof design in Perth,Western Australia and to maximise extracted solar power throughout a *** reach this aim,a combination of analytical modelling,numerical simulation,and evolutionary algorithm methods have been *** first,a series of detailed mathematical calculations were performed in Excel to find the optimum solar collector mounting *** the numerical simulation,the exam-ination was repeated in the Rhino-Grasshopper interface to verify the earlier findings and calibrate the chosen simulation package with the help of parametric *** the last step,a wide range of housing roof shapes has been tested by evolutionary algorithm plugin-Galapagos,to find the optimum roof shape design in the given *** results show that,unlike the traditional approach and common belief,a roof shape with a 25-degree tilt angle,170-175 azimuth angle,and aspect ratio of 1:1.2 is optimum to gain maximum solar gaining ***,this study advances the knowledge of solar capturing by suggesting a new parameter-oblique angle-in finding the op

关键词： Parametric architecture Solar gaining Roof form optimization Evolutionary algorithm

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Effects of liraglutide on metabolic syndrome in WBN/Kob diabetic fatty rats supplemented with a high-fat diet

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2020年第1期3卷 62-68页

作者： Noriyuki kaji Yoshiichi Takagi Satomi Matsuda Anna Takahashi Sakurako Fujio Fumitoshi Asai Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan

Background:Liraglutide,a GLP-1 receptor agonist,has recently been used to treat metabolic syndrome(MS)because of its anti-diabetic and anti-obesity *** have previously shown that Wistar Bonn Kobori diabetic and fatty(WBN/Kob-Leprfa,WBKDF)rats fed a high-fat diet(HFD)developed MS including marked obesity,hyperglycemia,and *** obtain further information on WBKDF-HFD rats as a severe MS model,we performed a pharmacological investigation into the anti-MS effects of liraglutide in this ***:Seven-week-old male WBKDF-HFD rats were allocated to three groups(n=8 in each group):a vehicle group,a low-dose liraglutide group,and a high-dose liraglutide *** received subcutaneous injections of either saline or liraglutide at doses of 75 or 300μg/kg body weight once daily for 4 ***:Results showed that liraglutide treatment reduced body weight gain and food intake in a dose-dependent *** marked hyperglycemia and the glucose tolerance were also significantly ameliorated in the liraglutide-treated ***,liraglutide also reduced the plasma triglyceride concentration and liver fat ***:The present study demonstrated that liraglutide could significantly alleviate MS in WBKDF-HFD rats,and the reaction to liraglutide is similar to human patients with ***-HFD rats are therefore considered to be a useful model for research on severe human MS.

关键词： diabetes mellitus liraglutide metabolic syndrome models animal obesity

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A case of hepatic angiomyolipoma difficult to distinguish from hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第23期15卷 2930-2932页

作者： Masahiro Takahara Yasuhiro Miyake Kazuyuki Matsumoto Daisuke Kawai Eisuke kaji Tatsuya Toyokawa Morihito Nakatsu Masaharu Ando Mamoru Hirohata Department of Internal Medicine Mitoyo General Hospital Kagawa 769-1695 Japan Department of Molecular Hepatology and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama 700-8558 Japan

We report a case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with uncommon clinical features. A 56-year-old man presented with a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe. The tumor was hypoechoic on ultrasonography, showed early-phase hyperattenuation on enhanced computed tomography and did not absorb iron on superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatocellular carcinoma was highly suspected, and the patient underwent hepatic resection. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of smooth muscle cells and contained small amounts of adipose cells and blood vessels. On immunohistochemical staining, the smooth muscle cells were positive for a melanocytic cell-specific monoclonal antibody. In cases with uncommon features of angiomyolipoma, it is quite difficult to distinguish angiomyolipoma from hepatocellular carcinoma.

关键词： Adipose cell Hepatic angiomyolipoma Hepatocellular carcinoma HMB-45 Smooth muscle cell

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Alpha-fetoprotein-producing colon cancer with atypical bulky lymph node metastasis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第47期12卷 7715-7716页

作者： Kuangi Fu Akihiro Kobayashi Norio Saito Yasushi Sano Shigeharu Kato Hiroaki Ikematsu Takahiro Fujimori Yasushi kaji Shigeaki Yoshida Department of Radiology Dokkyo University School of Medicine 880 Kitakobaysashi Mibu Shimotuga Tochigi 321-0293 Japan Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa Chiba 277-8577 Japan Department of Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa Chiba 277-8577 Japan Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa Chiba 277-8577 Japan Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology Dokkyo University School of Medicine 880 Kitakobaysashi Mibu Shimotuga Tochigi 321-0293 Japan Department of Radiology Dokkyo University School of Medicine 880 Kitakobaysashi Mibu Shimotuga Tochigi 321-0293 Japan

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing colorectal cancer is extremely rarely reported until now. All of the reported cases harboring synchronous hematogenous spread including liver and/or lung metastasis had a poor prognosis and died within 12 mo. We here describe a 71-year old man with AFP-producing colon cancer who presented with an unusual bulky lymph node metastasis instead of hematogenous spread. He underwent adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to curative surgical resection, which prolonged his survival.

关键词： Alpha-fetoprotein Colon cancer Bulky lymph node metastasis Computed tomography Colonoscopy

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Easy fixation effects the prevention of Peterson’s hernia and Roux stasis syndrome

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第8期12卷 346-354页

作者： Jian-Zhong Wu Hajime Orita Shun Zhang Hiroyuki Egawa Yukinori Yube Sanae kaji Shinichi Oka Tetsu Fukunaga Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery Juntendo University School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyo 1638001Japan Department of Gastroenterology Surgery Suzhou Ninth People’s HospitalNantong UniversitySuzhou 215000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Surgery Tongji UniversityShanghai 200000China

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(LDG)for gastric cancer has been progressed and popular in Japan,since it was first described in *** reconstruction methods can be adopted according to remnant stomach size,and balance of pros and ***-en-Y(R-Y)reconstruction is a one of standard options after *** complications include Petersen’s hernia and Roux stasis *** we report our ingenious attempt,fixation of Roux limb and duodenal stump,for decreasing the development of Petersen’s hernia and Roux stasis *** To develop a method to decrease the development of Petersen’s hernia and Roux stasis *** We performed ante-colic R-Y reconstruction after *** R-Y reconstruction,we fixed Roux limb onto the duodenal stump in a smooth *** this small improvement in Roux limb,Roux limb was placed to the right of the ligament of *** not only changed the anatomy of the Petersen’s defect,but it also kept a fluent direction of gastrointestinal anastomosis and avoided a cross-angle after jejunojejunostomy.31 patients with gastric cancer was performed this technique after R-Y *** parameters including clinicopathologic characteristics,perioperative outcomes,postoperative complication and follow-up data were *** The operative time was(308.0±84.6 min).This improvement method took about 10 ***(6.5%)patients experienced pneumonia and pancreatitis,*** patient required reoperation or *** patients were followed up for at least 3 year,and none of the patients developed postoperative complications related to internal hernia or Roux stasis *** This 10 min technique is a very effective method to decrease the development of Petersen’s hernia and Roux stasis syndrome in patients who undergo LDG.

关键词： Laparoscopy distal gastrectomy Roux-en-Y reconstruction Internal hernia Roux limb syndrome Gastric cancer

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