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What factors are associated with premature death among professional baseball players in Japan?

Health 2013年第4期5卷 757-760页

作者： Hideyuki Kanda Satoshi Tsuboi Masayoshi Tsuji Takeyasu Kakamu Yayoi Mori Takehito Hayakawa tetsuhito fukushima Department of Epidemiology and Public Health School of Medicine Yokohama City University Yokohama Japan Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan

The aim of this study is to clarify factors related to premature death among Japanese professional baseball players by a case-control analysis. The subjects are two matching groups of 622 Japan Professional Baseball (JPB) league players, those deceased and those surviving. Cases and controls are matched by birth year. All players debuted on the first string between 1934 and 2003, and are listed in The Official Baseball Encyclopedia of Japan. To compare means and frequencies of characteristics between deceased and surviving groups, t-tests and chi-square tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was assessed contributions of each independent variable on death. Significant differences between deceased and surviving players were observed in this study;deceased players had higher body mass indexes and longer careers. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis confirmed that body mass index and career length were statistically significant determinants of death for baseball players. This is the first report to examine factors of death for professional baseball players except employing data attained from Major League Baseball.

关键词： Factors of Death Professional Baseball Player Body Mass Index Career Length

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Development of simple HPLC/UV with a column-switching method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in hair samples

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Health 2013年第4期5卷 687-694页

作者： Masayoshi Tsuji Yayoi Mori Hideyuki Kanda Teruna Ito Tomoo Hidaka Takeyasu Kakamu Tomohiro Kumagai Takehito Hayakawa Yoneatsu Osaki tetsuhito fukushima Department of Epidemiology and Public Health School of Medicine Yokohama City University Yokohama Japan Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago Japan

Nicotine and cotinine in hair are good biomarkers for assessing long-term exposure to smoking. However, analytical devices such as GC/MS are associated with high cost and are not widely used. HPLC/UV is used widely in laboratories, but is unsuitable for measurement of minor constituents, except when using the column-switching method. Thus, we aimed to establish a simple, inexpensive and sensitive method based on HPLC/UV with column switching for measuring nicotine and cotinine in hair. First, we compared the presence and absence of a column selection unit. We then measured amounts of nicotine and cotinine in hair samples collected from the general population, and compared both the corresponding levels and the detection limits with those in previous studies. Finally, initial and running costs of HPLC/UV were compared with other analytical methods. As one of the results, the areas of nicotine and cotinine measured by HPLC/UV with column-switching method were 12.9 and 16.9 times greater, respectively, than those without the column-switching method. The amount of nicotine and cotinine in hair was significantly correlated to number of cigarettes smoked per day (r = 0.228, p = 0.040). In addition, the HPLC/UV method showed similar sensitivity and detection limit (nicotine, 0.10 ng/mg;cotinine, 0.08 ng/mg) as reported in previous studies. The cost of the HPLC/UV method is lower than that of other analytical methods. We were able to establish a low-cost method with good sensitivity for measuring nicotine and cotinine in hair. The HPLC/UV with a column-switching method will be useful as a first step in screening surveys in order to better understand the effects of smoking exposure.

关键词： HPLC/UV Column-Switching Method Nicotine Hair Cotinine

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