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Runoff and soil loss responses of cultivated land managed with graded soil bunds of different ages in the Upper Blue Nile basin,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 789-806页

作者： Mengie Belayneh teshome yirgu Dereje Tsegaye Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Mettu UniversityP.O.Box 318MettuEthiopia Department of Plant Science College of Agricultural SciencesArba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:In view of a wide range of on-site and off-site impacts of soil erosion,different soil and water conservation measures have been implemented mainly over the last two decades in the Gumara watershed and Ethiopia at *** their effects have not been sufficiently documented,and maintenance of structures received very little *** study investigated the effectiveness of graded soil bunds of zero and 11 years of age in reducing runoff and soil *** hydrologically isolated experimental runoff plots(three treatments×two replicates)were prepared to observe rainfall,runoff,and sediment concentrations in the 2019 summer rainfall season(covering approximately 70%of the annual rainfall).Results:Newly constructed soil bunds reduced runoff by 34.94 and 25.56%compared to the old and non-treated counterparts,***,59.6 and 48.3%soil loss reductions were *** amount of soil loss in non-treated plots was twice that from the new plots and even 1.6 times higher than that from the old-graded soil bund *** rate of soil loss in the new-and old-graded soil bund-treated and non-treated plots was 23.5,45.6,and 58.1 t ha^(-1) year^(-1),***,the effectiveness of the old soil bunds was much lower(only^(-1)2.6 and−21.7%in runoff and soil loss,respectively)than its new *** soil bunds,in its new form,reduced runoff,runoff coefficient,and soil loss significantly(P<0.05).Regardless of the treatments,from the start of the rainy season to the end,runoff and runoff coefficient showed an increase,but sediment concentration *** constructed soil bund is the most effective in reducing runoff and soil ***:Graded soil bunds reduced runoff and soil loss significantly,but the rate even in the treated plots was very high when compared to both the soil loss tolerance(1-6 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))and formation rate(10-14 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))estimated for the ***,these structures need to be suppo

关键词： Erosion plots Runoff Runoff coefficient Sediment concentration Soil loss

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Effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil physicochemical properties in Gumara watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 451-464页

作者： Mengie Belayneh teshome yirgu Dereje Tsegaye Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Mettu UniversityBox 318MettuEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Arba Minch UniversityBox 21Arba MinchEthiopia Department of Plant Science College of Agricultural SciencesArba Minch UniversityBox 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:Soil erosion is among the foremost causes of declining soil resources in Ethiopia,which in turn affect agricultural *** limit this problem,for the last two decades in Gumara watershed,soil and water conservation measures have been practiced through free labor community ***,their effect on soil fertility has not been *** study investigated the impact of implemented soil and water conservation measures on fertility improvement in the Gumara *** composite and core soil samples were taken from upstream,midstream,and downstream adjacent conserved and non-conserved cultivated and grazing *** soil fertility indicators were analyzed using standard laboratory ***:Soil and water conservation practices have resulted in a statistically significantly higher mean values of total nitrogen,exchangeable Na+and Mg2+at p<0.01,and of soil organic carbon and organic matter at p<0.05 in the *** clay content,soil reaction,cation exchange capacity,and exchangeable K+showed nonsignificant,but higher mean values in conserved ***,the effects of conservation practices on soil properties were found more effective in cultivated land uses as compared to that of grazing land *** is because conservation treatments had significant effects on organic carbon,total nitrogen,exchangeable Na+and Mg2+in cultivated land uses but only on exchangeable Na+in grazing land *** interaction effect of treatments and land uses did not reach a statistically significant result for any of the soil properties considered in this ***:Conservation measures have important implications for improving soil fertility in the Gumara ***,proper guidance and follow-up,use of agro-forestry and grass strips,and maintenance are required for the watershed’s sustainability and good soil conditions.

关键词： Soil properties Soil erosion Soil and water conservation Analysis of variance Gumara watershed

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