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Analysis and Evaluation of the Global Aerosol Optical Properties Simulated by an Online Aerosol-coupled Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第6期32卷 743-758页

作者： DAI Tie SHI Guangyu teruyuki nakajima State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo

Aerosol optical properties are simulated using the Spectral Radiation Transport Model I~）r Aerosol Species （SPRINTARS） coupled with the Non-hydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model （NICAM）. The 3-year global mean all-sky aerosol optical thickness （AOT） at 550 nm, theAngstr/Sm Exponent （AE） based on AOTs at 440 and 870 nm, and the single scattering albedo （SSA） at 550 nm are estimated at 0.123, 0.657 and 0.944, respectively. For each aerosol species, the mean AOT is within the range of the AeroCom models. Both the modeled all-sky and clear-sky results are compared with observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） and the Aerosol Robotic Network （AERONET）. The simulated spatiotemporal distributions of all-sky AOTs can generally reproduce the MODIS retrievals, and the correlation and model skill can be slightly improved using the clear-sky results over most land regions. The differences between clear-sky and all-sky AOTs are larger over polluted regions. Compared with observations from AERONET, the modeled and observed all-sky AOTs and AEs are generally in reasonable agreement, whereas the SSA variation is not well captured. Although the spatiotemporal distributions of all-sky and clear-sky results are similar, the clear-sky results are generally better correlated with the observations. The clear-sky AOT and SSA are generally lower than the all-sky results, especially in those regions where the aerosol chemical composition is contributed to mostly by sulfate aerosol. The modeled clear-sky AE is larger than the all-sky AE over those regions dominated by hydrophilic aerosol, while the＇opposite is found over regions dominated by hydrophobic aerosol.

关键词： aerosol optical properties non-hydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model Moderate Resolution Imaging Spec-troradiometer Aerosol Robotic Network

Effects of Ocean Particles on the Upwelling Radiance and Polarized Radiance in the Atmosphere–Ocean System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第9期32卷 1186-1196页

作者： SHI Chong WANG Pucai teruyuki nakajima Yoshifumi OTA TAN Saichun SHI Guangyu Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth Observation Research Center Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Based on a vector radiative transfer model of the atmosphere–ocean system,the influence of oceanic components on radiation processes,including polarization effects,was investigated in the wavelength region ranging from 0.380 to 0.865 μ*** components considered were phytoplankton,inorganic suspended material（sediment）,and colored,dissolved organic *** to their important roles in oceanic radiation processes,the sensitivity of the bidirectional reflectance to the rough ocean surface,represented by the wind velocity 10 m above the ocean surface,and aerosol,were taken into *** results demonstrated that both radiance and polarized radiance just below the ocean surface were sensitive to the change of the concentrations of the considered components,while the dependence of polarized radiance on the observation geometry was more sensitive than *** differences in the specular plane existed between the impacts of the phytoplankton and sediment on the degree of polarization just above the ocean surface at 670 *** the top of the atmosphere（TOA）,polarization was relatively insensitive to changing concentrations of ocean particles at longer ***,the radiance at the TOA in the solar plane was more sensitive to the aerosol optical thickness than wind *** contrast,wind velocity strongly influenced the radiance at the TOA in the sun glint region,while the polarization degree showed less dependence in that ***,a nonlinear optimal inversion method was proposed to simultaneously retrieve the aerosol and wind velocity using radiance measurement.

关键词： ocean particles atmosphere–ocean system radiative transfer polarization ocean color

Influence of Changes in Solar Radiation on Changes of Surface Temperature in China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2013年第1期27卷 87-97页

作者：张华尹青 teruyuki nakajima Nakata Mukai MAKIKO 卢鹏何金海 Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological Administration Meteorological Center of Air Force in Beijing Military Area Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Center for Earth Surface System Dynamics Atmosphere and Ocean Research InstituteUniversity of Tokyo Kinki University

The long-term trends of total surface solar radiation （SSR）, surface diffuse radiation, and surface air temperature were analyzed in this study based on updated 48-yr data from 55 observational stations in China, and then the correlation between SSR and the diurnal temperature range （DTR） was studied. The effect of total solar radiation on surface air temperature in China was investigated on the basis of the above analyses. A strong correlation between SSR and DTR was found for the period 1961-2008 in China. The highest correlation and steepest regression line slope occurred in winter, indicating that the solar radiation effect on DTR was the largest in this season. Clouds and water vapor have strong influences on both SSR and DTR, and hence on their relationship. The largest correlations between SSR and DTR occurred in wintertime in northern China, regardless of all-day （including clear days and cloudy days） or clear-day cases. Our results also showed that radiation arriving at the surface in China decreased significantly during 1961-1989 （dimming period）, but began to increase during 1990 2008 （brightening period）, in agreement with previous global studies. The reduction of total SSR offset partially the greenhouse warming during 1961-1989. However, with the increase of SSR after 1990, this offsetting effect vanished; on the contrary, it even made a contribution to the accelerated warming. Nonetheless, the greenhouse warming still played a controlling role because of the increasing of minimum and mean surface temperatures in the whole study period of 1961-2008. We estimated that the greenhouse gases alone may have caused surface temperatures to rise by 0.31-0.46℃ （10 yr）^-1 during 1961-2008, which is higher than previously estimated. Analysis of the corresponding changes in total solar radiation, diffuse radiation, and total cloud cover indicated that the dimming and brightening phenomena in China were likely attributable to increases in absorptive and scattering

关键词： global dimming/brightening global warming surface solar radiation surface air temperature

Possible Links Between Human Activities and the Earth's Climate Change

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Possible Links Between Human Activities and the Earth's Clim...

文明的和谐与共同繁荣：文明的普遍价值和发展趋向——北京论坛（2008）

作者： teruyuki nakajima The University of Tokyo

In this article I like to overview several important climate effects of aerosols that can change the earth’s radiation budget,cloud,and also *** are still large uncertainties in evaluation of these effects by models and observation.I like to propose recommendations for future works to reduce the large *** a future important work is to improve fine resolution aerosol and cloud modeling and combined analysis of satellite and surface data.

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人类活动与地球气候变化的联系(英文)

人类活动与地球气候变化的联系(英文)

北京论坛（2008）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——文明的普遍价值和发展趋向

作者： teruyuki nakajima Center for Climate System Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba 277-8568Japan

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环境话题与地球观察(英文)

环境话题与地球观察(英文)

北京论坛（2010）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——为了我们共同的家园：责任与行动

作者： teruyuki nakajima Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute.The University of Tokyo

This paper discusses important environmental issues and related action items to construct an efficient yet sustainable earth observation *** progress in the satellite and ground-based remote sensing technologies have enabled us to retrieve detailed global distributions of various atmospheric constituents as well as atmospheric *** situation demands us to develop extensive analysis systems for these global data with use of high resolution atmospheric models implemented with sophisticated physical/chemical process models as well as cloud dynamic and microphysical *** research mechanisms for scientists in various fields on national and international collaboration base have become more important than ***/ABC (Atmospheric Brown Cloud Project) is one of such mechanisms.

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Estimation of aerosol properties over the Chinese desert region with MODIS AOD assimilation in a global model

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第1期7卷 90-98页

作者： YIN Xiao-Mei DAI Tie XIN Jin-Yuan GONG Dao-Yi YANG Jing teruyuki nakajima SHI Guang-Yu State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE) Beijing Normal University Earth Observation Research Center Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

A Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter assimilation system has been implemented into an aerosol-coupled global nonhydrostatic model to simulate the aerosol mass concentration and aerosol optical properties of 3 desert sites(Ansai, Fukang, Shapotou) in northwestern China. One-month experiment results of April 2006 reveal that the data assimilation can correct the much overestimated aerosol surface mass concentration, and has a strong positive effect on the aerosol optical depth(AOD) simulation, improving agreement with observations. Improvement is limited with the?ngstr€om Exponent(AE) simulation, except for much improved correlation coefficient and model skill scores over the Ansai site. Better agreement of the AOD spatial distribution with the independent observations of Terra(Deep Blue) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR) AODs is obtained by assimilating the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) AOD product, especially for regions with AODs lower than 0.30. This study confirms the usefulness of the remote sensing observations for the improvement of global aerosol modeling.

关键词： Aerosol properties Aerosol assimilation Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer PM10

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全球气溶胶光学特性模式模拟和资料同化

全球气溶胶光学特性模式模拟和资料同化

第32届中国气象学会年会

作者：戴铁石广玉 teruyuki nakajima 大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室中国科学院大气物理研究所 Earth Observation Research Center Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

基于均匀分布的正二十面体网格全球气溶胶模式,揭示了表征气溶胶柱含量的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),表征粒子化学组成和大小的AE,和表征粒子吸收特性的SSA在不同气溶胶源排放区域的时空分布特性。利用全球地面气溶胶观测网AERONET反演的结果... 详细信息

基于均匀分布的正二十面体网格全球气溶胶模式,揭示了表征气溶胶柱含量的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),表征粒子化学组成和大小的AE,和表征粒子吸收特性的SSA在不同气溶胶源排放区域的时空分布特性。利用全球地面气溶胶观测网AERONET反演的结果进行模式验证,结果表明模式可以较好地模拟AOD和AE的时空分布特性,但对SSA的模拟结果仍较差,说明模式对吸收特性较强的沙尘气溶胶和黑炭气溶胶模拟结果仍有待改进。这可能与模式使用的全球相

关键词：气溶胶模式 MODIS AERONET 资料同化

Migratory mode transition of astrocyte progenitors in the cerebral cortex: an intrinsic or extrinsic cell process?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 471-472页

作者： Michio Miyajima Hidenori Tabata Kazunori nakajima Department of Anatomy Keio University School of MedicineShinjuku-kuTokyoJapan Department of Molecular Neurobiology Institute for Developmental ResearchAichi Developmental Disability CenterKasugaiAichiJapan

The cerebral cortex is comprised of properly localized cell types that exert their specific *** the developing brain,cells migrate from the germinal region to their functional locations(Silva et al.,2019;Cossart and Garel,2022).For example,neocortical excitatory neurons are generated in the cerebral ventricular and subventricular zones,move to the developing cortical plate via radial migration,and reside in a radial array of six neuronal layers(Oishi and nakajima,2018).On the other hand,cortical interneurons are mainly generated in ganglionic eminences,migrate tangentially across the cerebral cortex,and reach their final destinations in the cortex(Lim et al.,2018).The failure of neuronal migration leads to defects in cortical layer *** the mechanisms of neuronal distribution have been well examined,how astrocytes are diffusely distributed in the cortex is still *** are glial cells in the cerebral cortex with several functions,including metabolic support and synapse formation(Abbott et al.,2006;Bosworth and Allen,2017;Allen and Lyons,2018).For example,astrocytes establish synaptic connectivity in the developing brain while they contact numerous synapses and maintain optimal neuronal activity in the adult *** the developing brain,astrocytes are primarily generated from radial glia after the neurogenic *** a certain type of astrocyte called fibrous astrocytes populates the white matter,protoplasmic astrocytes migrate to the cortical plate during neural network formation.

关键词： cerebral migrate Abbott