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Association of a Tobacco-specific Nitrosamine Carcinogen with Urinary Cotinine,Urinary Sodium Excretion,and Total Energy Intake in Adolescents and Children

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Current Medical Science 2021年第2期41卷 270-278页

作者： Jong Weon Choi Tatsuyoshi fujii Noriyoshi fujii Department of Laboratory Medicine College of MedicineInha UniversityIncheon 22332Republic of Korea Deparment of Intermnal Medicine Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Clinical Education and Training CenterMito Kyodo General HospitalMito 310-0015Japan School of Medicine School of Medicine and Medical SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8577Japan

This study investigated the association of a tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen,4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-I-butanol(NNAL)with urinary cotinine(uCot),urinary sodium(uNa)excretion,systolic blood pressure(sBP),and total energy intake in adolescents and children in relation to the subjects'age.A total of 790 subjects aged 6-19 years were ***,uCot,corrected NNAL(cNNAL),the NNAL/uCot ratio,uNa,sBP,and nutrient intake were measured.A strong association between uCot and cNNAL was observed in children who were 11 years of age(r=0.881,P<0.001);however,no significant association was noted in adolescents who were 19 years of *** uNa level was significantly higher(133.9 mmol/L vs.107.8 mmol/L,P<0.001)and sBP was significantly lower(105.3 mmHg vs.110.6 mmHg,P=0.012)in adolescents with elevated NNAL than in those without elevated *** was significantly higher in subjects with increased uNa excretion than in those without increased uNa *** was positively correlated with uNa(r=0.183,P<0.001)and negatively correlated with sBP(r=0.142,P<0.001).Non-smokers with elevated NNAL/uCot ratios had significantly lower total energy intake than those without elevated NNAL/uCot ratios(1729.0 kcal/day vs.1911.0 kcal/day,P=0.008).The relationship between NNAL and uCot varied according to the subjects'*** seems to play a role in decreasing sBP by enhancing uNa *** nutrient intake may contribute to endogenous formation of NNAL in non-smoking adolescents and children.

关键词： nitrosamine cotinine urinary sodium excretion nutrient intake blood pressure

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Interface strengthening in dissimilar double-sided friction stir spot welding of AZ31/ZK60 magnesium alloys by adjustable probes

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第26期85卷 158-168页

作者： Xiaopei Wang Yoshiaki Morisada Hidetoshi fujii Joining and Welding Research Institute Osaka University11-1 MihogaokaIbarakiOsaka 567-0047Japan

Dissimilar welding of AZ31/ZK60 magnesium alloys with a thickness of 2 mm was successfully carried out by the double-sided friction stir spot welding with adjustable probes.A dissimilar joint bearing flat surfaces on both sides without a keyhole was obtained and the shear failure load of 8.7±0.5 kN was *** role of the adjustable probes has been revealed in *** the center of the stir zone,the welding interface structure was heterogeneous around which some distinct oxides still remained,leading to a weak interface *** the contrary,the welding interface structure around the shoulder/probe interface was homogeneous with no oxides giving rise to a strong interface strength,which is attributed to the severe material flow introduced by the adjustable *** addition,the vicinity outside the shoulder/probe interface,where the fracture occurred during the shear tensile tests,was also strengthened owing to the shearing and torsion by the adju stable ***,a stable plug failure can be obtained and the joint properties can be improved.

关键词： Friction stir spot welding Dissimilar welding Interface strengthening Microstructure Magnesium alloys

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Redox regulation of fertilisation and the spermatogenic process

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 420-423,511,512页

作者： Junichi fujii Satoshi Tsunoda Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate School of Medical Science Yamagata University Yamagata 990-9585 Japan Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center Research institute for Advanced Molecular Epidemiology Yamagata University Yamagata 990-9585 Japan Global COE Program for Medical Sciences Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan

Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of male infertility; it damages spermatogenic cells, the spermatogenic process and sperm function. Recent advances in redox biology have revealed the signalling role of reactive oxygen species （ROS） that are generated by cells. While highly reactive oxidants, such as the hydroxyl radical, exert largely deleterious effects, hydrogen peroxide can feasibly serve as a signal mediator because it is moderately reactive and membrane permeable and because it can oxidize only limited numbers of functional groups of biological molecules. The amino acid side chain most sensitive to oxidation is cysteine sulphydryl, which is commonly involved in the catalysis of some enzymes. Although the reactivity of cysteine sulphhydryl is not very high in ordinary proteins, some phosphatases possess a highly reactive sulphydryl group at their catalytic centre and are thereby oxidatively inactivated by transiently elevated hydrogen peroxide levels after extracellular stimuli and under certain environmental conditions. Peroxiredoxins, in turn, show moderate hydrogen peroxide-reducing activity, and their role in the modulation of ROS-mediated signal transduction in ordinary cells, mediated by protecting phosphatases from oxidative inactivation, has attracted much attention. Although knowledge of the signalling role of ROS in the male reproductive system is limited at present, its significance is becoming a focal issue. Here, we present a review of the emerging signalling role of hydrogen peroxide in testes.

关键词： hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress peroxiredoxin signal transduction

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Charge and Heat Transport in Polycrystalline Metallic Nanostructures

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第9期25卷 3360-3363页

作者：张兴 TAKAHASHI Koji fujii Motoo Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Research Center for Hydrogen Industrial Use and Storage AIST Fhkuoka 819-0395 Japan

Metals are typically good conductors in which the abilities to transport charge and to transport heat can be related through the Wiedemann-Franz law. Here we report on an abnormal charge and heat transport in polycrystalline metallic nanostructures in which the ability to transport charge is weakened more obviously than that to transport heat. We attribute it to the influence of the internal grain boundaries and have formulated a novel relation to predict the thermal conductivity. The Wiedemann-Franz law is then modified to account for the influence of the grain boundaries on the charge and heat transport with the predictions now agreeing well with the measured results.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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High-temperature formation phases and crystal structure of hot-pressed thermoelectric compounds with chalcopyrite-type structure

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Rare Metals 2018年第4期37卷 360-368页

作者： Atsuko Kosuga Yosuke fujii Akito Horie Department of Physical Science Graduate School of ScienceOsaka Prefecture University JST PRESTO Department of Electronics Mathematics and PhysicsGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka Prefecture University

In this study, we introduced the temperaturedependent formation phases and crystallographic parameters of hot-pressed silver gallium telluride AgGaTe2 and copper gallium telluride CuGaTe2 with chalcopyrite structure from 300 to 800 K. These two compounds are potential thermoelectric materials in the intermediate temperature range; however, the temperature-dependent formation phases and crystallographic parameters of hotpressed samples have not yet been analyzed in detail. The crystal structure analysis based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction （SXRD） measurements clarifies that impurity phases such as Te and Ag2Te in the AgGaTe2 matrix and Te and CuTe in the CuGaTe2 matrix appear at some temperature regions above 300 K. The existence of such impurity phases could be correlated with the increases of the electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of the samples after multiple measurement cycles of the temperature-dependent transport properties from 300 to 800 K. The tetragonal lattice parameters a and c, tetragonal lattice volume, thermal expansion coefficients, tetragonal distortion, anion displacement parameter, and isotropic displacement parameter of the hot-pressed AgGaTe2 and CuGaTe2 were also analyzed. These crystallographic parameters are expected to substantially affect the thermoelectric properties of AgGaTe2 and CuGaTe2. Our results provide prospect of the long-term high-temperature stability and clues of the detailed analysis on the transport properties of hot-pressed AgGaTe2 and CuGaTe2, which should aid their development for thermoelectric applications.

关键词： Chalcopyrite Silver gallium telluride Coppergallium telluride Thermoelectric Crystal structure

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Integrating the effect of abutments in estimating the average vertical stress of elastic hard rock pillars by combining numerical modelling and artificial neural networks

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Underground Space 2023年第6期13卷 121-135页

作者： Nevaid Dzimunya Yoshiaki fujii Youhei Kawamura Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido UniversitySapporo N13W8Japan

Estimating average vertical pillar stresses is a critical step in designing room-and-pillar *** analytical methods can be used to estimate the vertical stresses acting on the ***,the present analytical methods fail to adequately account for the influence of abutments on the distribution of vertical stresses,especially when applied to narrow panel widths and pillar layouts comprising evenly spaced *** this study,a multi-layer perceptron neural network(MLPNN)was applied to predict the vertical loads of regular pillars more *** of room-and-pillar mine layouts were modeled using a displacement discontinuity method(DDM),and a database of 2355 sampled pillar cases was *** MLPNN was trained based on this database,and its prediction capabilities were further validated using simulations by a finite difference code(i.e.,FLAC3D).The model predictions and the FLAC3D simulations reasonably agreed with a regression coefficient of *** model was also adapted for mine cases with evenly spaced barrier pillars,and its application to a real case study mine has shown to provide accurate pillar stress estimations;hence,this model is suitable for practical use at *** though the MLPNN model cannot be applied universally to all mine situations,it seems as a significant improvement over existing analytical techniques in terms of accounting for the influence of abutments on pillar stresses.

关键词： Pillar stress Abutments Multi-layer perceptron neural network Numerical simulation Room-and-pillar mine

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Weld Shape Variation and Electrode Oxidation Behavior under Ar-(Ar-CO_2) Double Shielded GTA Welding

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第2期26卷 170-176页

作者： Shanping Lu Hidetoshi fujii Kiyoshi Nogi Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016 China Joining and welding Research Institute Osaka University Osaka 567-0047 Japan

Double shielded gas tungsten arc welding （GTAW, also known as tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding） of an SUS304 stainless steel with pure inert argon as the inner layer shielding and the At-CO2 or CO2 active gas as the out layer shielding was proposed in this study to investigate its effect on the tungsten electrode protection and the weld shape variation. The experimental results showed that the inner inert argon gas can successfully prevent the outer layer active gas from contacting and oxidizing the tungsten electrode during the welding process. Active gas, carbon dioxide, in the outer layer shielding is decomposed in the arc and dissolves in the liquid pool, which effectively adjusts the active element, oxygen, content in the weld metal. When the weld metal oxygen content is over 70×10-6, the surface-tension induced Marangoni convection changes from outward into inward, and the weld shape varies from a wide shallow one to a narrow deep one. The effect of the inner layer gas flow rate on the weld bead morphology and the weld shape was investigated systematically. The results show that when the flow rate of the inner argon shielding gas is too low, the weld bead is easily oxidized and the weld shape is wide and shallow. A heavy continuous oxide layer on the liquid pool is a barrier to the liquid pool movement.

关键词： Double shielding Weld shape Marangoni convection Gas tungsten arc welding

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An Autophosphorylation Site of the Protein Kinase SOS2 Is Important for Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 183-190页

作者： Hiroaki fujii Jian-Kang Zhu Department of Botany and Plant Sciences 2150 Batchelor Hall University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The protein kinase SOS2 （Salt Overly Sensitive 2） is essential for salt-stress signaling and tolerance in Arabidopsis. SOS2 is known to be activated by calcium-SOS3 and by phosphorylation at its activation loop. SOS2 is autophosphorylated in vitro, but the autophosphorylation site and its role in salt tolerance are not known. In this study, we identified an autophosphorylation site in SOS2 and analyzed its role in the responses of Arabidopsis to salt stress. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that Ser 228 of SOS2 is autophosphorylated. When this site was mutated to Ala, the autophosphorylation rate of SOS2 decreased. The substrate phosphorylation by the mutated SOS2 was also less than that by the wild-type SOS2. In contrast, changing Ser228 to Asp to mimic the autophosphorylation enhanced substrate phosphorylation by SOS2. Complementation tests in a sos2 mutant showed that the S228A but not the $228D mutation partially disrupted the function of SOS2 in salt tolerance. We also show that activation loop phosphorylation at Thr168 and autophosphorylation at Ser228 cannot substitute for each other, suggesting that both are required for salt tolerance. Our results indicate that Ser 228 of SOS2 is autophosphorylated and that this autophosphorylation is important for SOS2 function under salt stress.

关键词： SOS2 autophosphorylation salt tolerance protein kinase Arabidopsis

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Effect of Ca addition on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of asymmetric double-sided friction stir welded AZ61 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第1期8卷 91-102页

作者： Mengran Zhou Yoshiaki Morisada Hidetoshi fujii Joining and Welding Research Institute(JWRI) Osaka UniversityJapan

The effects of 2%Ca addition on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the asymmetric double-sided friction stir welded magnesium alloy AZ61 were *** to the Ca-free AZ61magnesium alloy,the addition of 2%Ca significantly refines the grains in the stir zone after *** to the existence of thermally stable Al2Ca particles,there is no noticeable change in the grain size in the stir zone regardless of the welding heat *** electron backscattered diffraction analysis at the center of the stir zone confirmed the significant deterioration of the(0001)texture strength from the addition of 2%*** tensile test of the joint suggested that the addition of 2%Ca provides stable tensile properties to the joint regardless of the welding *** critical(0001)texture strength that determines the ultimate tensile strength decreased from 20 to 15 by the Ca *** addition of Ca enhanced the deterioration of the plastic elongation when the(0001)texture strength increased.

关键词： Mg alloy Friction stir welding Microstructure Mechanical properties Texture

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Characteristics of Nb/Al superconducting tunnel junctions fabricated using ozone gas

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第9期24卷 182-186页

作者： Masahiro Ukibe Go fujii Masataka Ohkubo Nanoelectronics Research Institute (nano) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

To improve the energy resolution（？E） of Nb/Al superconducting tunnel junctions（STJs）, an ozone（O3） oxidation process has been developed to fabricate a thin defect-free tunnel barrier that simultaneously shows high critical current JC〉 1000 A/cm^2 and high normalized dynamic resistance RDA 〉 100 MΩ·μm^2, where A is the size of the STJ. The 50-μm^2 STJs produced by O3 exposure of 0.26 Pa·min with an indirect spray of O3 gas, which is a much lower level of exposure than the O2 exposure used in a conventional O2 oxidation process, exhibit a maximum JC= 800 A/cm^2 and a high RDA = 372 MΩ ·μm^2. The 100-pixel array of the 100-μm^2STJs produced using the same O3 oxidation conditions exhibits a constant leak current I leak= 14.9 ± 3.2 n A at a bias point around △ /e（where e is half the energy gap of an STJ）,and a high fabrication yield of 87%. Although the I leak values are slightly larger than those of STJs produced using the conventional O2 oxidation process, the STJ produced using O3 oxidation shows a ？E = 10 eV for the C-Kα line, which is the best value of our Nb/Al STJ x-ray detectors.

关键词： Nb/Al superconducting tunnel junctions high critical current density high energy resolution ozone

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