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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon lim Peter A.Zoss terry l.powl.y Hyowon lee Matthew P.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAP)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

Effects of the level and source of dietary physically effective fiber on feed intake, nutrient utilization, heat energy, ruminal fermentation,and milk production by Alpine goats

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 312-324页

作者： Raquel V.lourencon Amlan K.Patra luana P.S.Ribeiro Ryszard Puchala Wei Wang terry A.Gipson Arthur l.Goetsch American Institute for Goat Research Langston University

Thirty-two primiparous and 31 multiparous Alpine goats were used to determine influences of diets varying in level and source of forage on performance in early to mid-lactation for 16 wk. Diets consisted of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% forage(designated as 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively) with 60F and 70F containing coarsely ground grass hay(primarily orchardgrass) and 40F and 50F containing cottonseed hulls, alfalfa pellets, and coarsely ground wheat hay. Diets contained 15.9% to 16.3% crude protein and37.8%, 42.1%, 53.5%, and 55.4% neutral detergent fiber(NDF) with 10.0%, 15.8%, 50.1%, and 55.5% particle retention on a 19-mm sieve, and 26.1%, 29.6%, 38.3%, and 40.0% physically effective NDF(pe NDF) for 40F,50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively. Dry matter intake(2.71, 2.75, 1.96, and 1.95 kg/d) and milk yield(2.82,2.71, 2.23, and 2.10 kg/d for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively) were lower(P lar among diets(P > 0.05), but digestibility of NDF was greater(P ly). Diet affected(P lk fat(3.16%, 3.37%, 2.93%, and 2.97%) and protein concentrations(2.62%, 2.69%, 2.58%, and 2.52% for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively). Milk energy yield was greater(P lowest in forage(7.51, 7.45, 5.68, and 5.34 MJ/d), although yield relative to dry matter intake was not affected(P > 0.05) by diet and was lower(P ltiparous goats(2.71 and 3.09 MJ/kg). Ruminal p H and acetate proportion were greater for 60F and 70F than for the other diets and the proportion of butyrate was lower for the two diets highest in fiber. The mean lengths of time spent ruminating, eating, standing, and lying were not affected(P > 0.05) by diet or parity, but many interactions involving diet, period, hour, and parity were significant(P lusion, lactational performance o

关键词： Physically effective fiber Alpine goat lactation Ruminal fermentation Feeding behavior

Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey l.Egan Tina l.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.latchman lauren V.terry Emma D.Mclennan Carolina Chavez Emma l.Burrows John W.Scott Robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin Whitham Mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia la Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia l. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

Mathematical model of the effects of government intervention and rehabilitation of prostitution

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第3期11卷 37-52页

作者： Aprillya lanz Zakar White terry l. Alford School of Engineering for Matter Technology and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA College of Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

In the United States, prostitution is considered illegal in all but one state; Nevada allows some legal activities in exchange for substantial guidelines. In 2010, approxi- mately 43,600 females were arrested for prostitution. Numerous intervention programs were established in order to obstruct the lifestyle of a prostitute （PRP~ Project ROSE, etc.）. There are many documentations and programs that share their forethought on prostitution; however, few target prostitution directly. To determine the dynamics of prostitution, this paper constructs a four-class compartmental model that focuses on the effectiveness of government intervention and rehabilitation of prostitutes mathematically. The basic reproductive number, R0, helps to discover the threshold values for the dynamics of prostitution to become both prevalent or absent in society. This paper predominately observes government intervention to curtail a prostitution prevalent society. Various parameters and variables help to define and indicate the dynamics of pros- titution to construct viable simulations. Successful prostitution interaction prevention deemed essential in prostitution prevention; however, government intervention corresponding with successful rehabilitation competitively challenges prostitution interaction prevention in reducing basic reproductive values.

关键词： Prostitution model epidemiology rehabilitation of prostitutes

Modelling Regional land Change Scenarios to Assess land Abandonment and Reforestation Dynamics in the Pyrenees(France)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 905-920页

作者： laure A.VACQUIE Thomas HOUET terry l.SOHl Ryan REKER Kristi l.SAylER GEODE laboratory Toulouse Jean Jaurès University U.S.Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center ASRC Federal – Inu Teq Contractor to U.S.Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center

Over the last decades and centuries,European mountain landscapes have experienced substantial *** and anthropogenic lUlC changes(land use and land cover changes), especially agro-pastoral activities,have directly influenced the spatial organization and composition of European mountain *** the past sixty years, natural reforestation has been occurring due to a decline in both agricultural production activities and rural ***, to better anticipate future changes,need spatially and temporally explicit models to identify areas at risk of land change and possible *** paper presents an integrated approach combining forecasting scenarios and a lUlC changes simulation model to assess where lUlC changes may occur in the Pyrenees Mountains,based on historical lUlC trends and a range of future socio-economic *** proposed methodologyconsiders local specificities of the Pyrenean valleys,sub-regional climate and topographical properties,and regional economic *** indicate that some regions are projected to face strong abandonment, regardless of the scenario ***, high rates of change are associated with administrative regions where land productivity is highly dependent on socio-economic drivers and climatic and environmental conditions limit intensive(agricultural and/or pastoral) production and *** combination of the results for the four scenarios allows assessments of where encroachment(*** by shrublands) and reforestation are the most *** assessment intends to provide insight into the potential future development of the Pyrenees to help identify areas that are the most sensitive to change and to guide decision makers to help their management decisions.

关键词： Pyrenees land use change land cover change land abandonment Mountain landscapeReforestation lUlC Model

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Predictors of disease severity in ulcerative colitis patients from Southwestern Ontario

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第2期16卷 232-236页

作者： lee S Roth Nilesh Chande terry Ponich Maya l Roth James Gregor Division of Gastroenterology London Health Sciences Centre Victoria Hospital800 Commissioner’s Road EastLondon OntarioN6A 5W9Canada Operational Stress Injury Clinic Parkwood HospitalLondonOntarioN6C 5J1Canada

AIM:To understand the demographic characteristics of patients in Southwestern Ontario,Canada with ulcerative colitis(UC)in order to predict disease severity. METHODS:Records from 1996 to 2001 were exam- ined to create a database of UC patients seen in the london Health Sciences Centre South Street Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease *** be included, patients'charts were required to have information of their disease presentation and a minimum of 5 years of *** were reviewed using standardized data collection *** severity was generated during the chart review process,and non-endoscopic Mayo Score criteria were collected into a composite. RESUlTS:One hundred and two consecutive patients'data were entered into the *** analyses revealed that 51%of the patients were male, the mean age at diagnosis was 39 years,13.7%had a first degree relative with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),61.8%were nonsmokers and 24.5%were *** 22.5%of patients the disease was limited to the rectum,in 21.6%disease was limited to the sigmoid colon,in 22.5%disease was limited to the left colon,and 32.4%of patients had pancolitis. Standard multiple regression analysis which regressed a composite of physician global assessment of disease severity,average number of bowel movements,and average amount of blood in bowel movements on year of diagnosis and age at time of diagnosis was significant,R 2=0.306,F(7,74)=4.66,Play from symptoms to diagnosis of UC,gender, family history of IBD,smoking status and disease severity at the time of diagnosis didnot significantly predict the composite measure. CONClUSION:UC severity is associated with younger age at diagnosis and year of diagnosis in a longitudinal cohort of UC patients,and may identify prognostic UC indicators.

关键词： Demographic Disease severity Prognosis Ulcerative colitis

Wild bacterial probiotics fed to larvae of mass-reared Queensland fruit fly[Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)]do not impact long-term survival,mate selection,or locomotor activity

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 745-755页

作者： lucas A.Shuttleworth Mohammed Abul Monjur Khan Damian Collins terry Osborne Olivia l.Reynolds New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural InstituteMenangleAustralia Faculty of Agriculture DefDartment of EntomologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh Graham Centre(an alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University) Wagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia State Key laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina

Queensland fruit fly[Bactrocera Uyoni(Froggatt),Diptera,Tephritidae]is the most devastating insect pest impacting Australian *** Sterile Insect Technique(SIT)is an important component of tephritid pest management ***,mass-rearing and irradiation(to render insects sterile)may reduce the fitness and performance of the insect,including the ability of sterile males to successfully compete for wild *** of the gut microbiome,including the supplementation with bacterial probiotics shows promise for enhancing the quality of mass-reared sterile flies,however there are fewer published studies targeting the larval *** this study,we supplemented the larval stage of mass-reared *** with bacterial *** tested several individual bacteria that had been previously isolated and characterized from the gut of wild *** larvae including Asaia sp.,Enterobacter sp.,lactobacillus sp.,leuconostoc *** also tested a consortium of all four of these bacterial *** fitness parameters tested included adult survival in field cages,laboratory mate selection of bacteria supplemented males by bacteria nonsupplemented females,and laboratory locomotor activity of adult *** of the bacterial probiotic treatments in the current study was significantly different to the control for field survival,mate selection or locomotor activity of adult ***,which agree with some of the other studies regarding bacterial probiotics fed to the larval stage of *** work is needed to determine if feeding the same,and/or other probiotics to adults,as opposed to larvae can positively impact survival,mating performance,mating competitiveness and locomotor activity of *** bacterial group(s)and function of bacterial species that increase fitness and competitiveness is also of interest to tephritid mass-rearing programs.

关键词： area wide integrated pest management mass-rearing mate choice Sterile Insect Technique Tephritidae

PDE-BASED MEDIAl AXIS EXTRACTION AND SHAPE MANIPUlATION OF ARBITRARy MESHES

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2008年第4期21卷 609-625页

作者： Haixia DU terry yOO Hong QIN Sterne Kessler Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C. Washington 20005 USA. National library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Bethesda 20894 USA. Computer Science Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA.

Shape skeletonization （i.e., medial axis extraction） is powerful in many visual computing applications, such as pattern recognition, object segmentation, registration, and animation. In this paper, the authors expand the use of diffusion equations combined with distance field information to approximate medial axes of arbitrary 3D differential properties. It offers an alternative solids represented by polygonal meshes based on their but natural way for medial axis extraction for commonly used 3D polygonal models. By solving the PDE along time axis, this system can not only quickly extract diffusion-based medial axes of input meshes, but also allow users to visualize the extraction process at each time step. In addition, the proposed model provides users a set of manipulation toolkits to sculpt extracted medial axes, then use diffusion-based techniques to recover corresponding deformed shapes according to the original input datasets. This skeleton-based shape manipulation offers a fast and easy way for animation and deformation of complicated mesh objects.

关键词： Diffusion Equation Medial Axis Extraction PDE techniques Polygonal Meshes Shape Manipulation.

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