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Microbial communities biostimulated by ethanol during uranium （VI） bioremediation in contaminated sediment as shown by stable isotope probing

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 453-464页

作者： Mary Beth LEIGH Wei-Min WU Erick CARDENAS Ondrej UHLIK Sue CARROLL terry gentry Terence L. MARSH Jizhong ZHOU Philip JARDINE Craig S. CRIDDLE James M. TIEDJE Center for Microbial Ecology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99775 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness Codiga Resource Recovery Center Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-4020 USA Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Institute of Chemical Technology Prague Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

Stable isotope probing （SIP） was used to identify microbes stimulated by ethanol addition in microcosms containing two sediments collected from the bioremediation test zone at the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge site, TN, USA. One sample was highly bioreduced with ethanol while another was less reduced. Microcosms with the respective sediments were amended with ^13C labeled ethanol and incubated for 7 days for SIP. Ethanol was rapidly converted to acetate within 24h accompanied with the reduction of nitrate and sulfate. The accumulation of acetate persisted beyond the 7 d period. Aqueous U did not decline in the microcosm with the reduced sediment due to desorption of U but continuously declined in the less reduced sample. Microbial growth and concomitant 13C-DNA production was detected when ethanol was exhausted and abundant acetate had accumulated in both microcosms. This coincided with U（VI） reduction in the less reduced sample. I3C originating from ethanol was ultimately utilized for growth, either directly or indirectly, by the dominant microbial community members within 7 days of incubation. The microbial community was comprised predominantly of known denitrifiers, sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron （Ⅲ） reducing bacteria including Desulfovibrio, Sphingomonas, Ferribacterium, Rhodanobacter, Geothrix, Thiobacillus and others, including the known U（VI）-redueing bacteria Acidovorax, Anaeromyxobacter, Desulfovibrio, Geobac- ter and Desulfosporosinus. The findings suggest that ethanol biostimulates the U（VI）-reducing microbial com- munity by first serving as an electron donor for nitrate, sulfate, iron （IH） and U（VI） reduction, and acetate which then functions as electron donor for U（VI） reduction and carbon source for microbial growth.

关键词： Stable isotope probing (S/P) ethanol acetate uranium reduction sediment bioremediation

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Vegetated treatment area (VTAs) efficiencies for E. coli and nutrient removal on small-scale swine operations

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 153-164页

作者： R.Daren Harmel Rehanon Pampell terry gentry Doug R.Smith Chad Hajda Kevin Wagner Patti K.Smith Rick L.Haney Kori D.Higgs USDA-ARS 2150Centre Ave.Bldg.DSuite340Fort CollinsCO80526USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research 720E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Soil and Crop Sciences Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA USDA-ARS 808E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Oklahoma State University 139Ag HallStillwaterOK74078USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

As small-scale animal feeding operations work to manage their byproducts and avoid regulation, they need practical, cost-effective methods to reduce environmental impact. One such option is using vege-tative treatment areas (VTAs) with perennial grasses to treat runoff;however, research is limited on VTA effectiveness as a waste management alternative for smaller operations. This study evaluated the effi-ciencies of VTAs in reducing bacteria and nutrient runoff from small-scale swine operations in three counties in Central Texas. Based on 4 yr of runoff data, the Bell and Brazos VTAs significantly reduced loads and concentrations of E. coli and nutrients (except NO3-N) and had treatment efficiencies of 73–94%. Most notably, the Bell VTA reduced loads of E. coli, NH4-N, PO4-P, total N, and total P similar to that of the background (control). In spite of significant reductions, runoff from the Brazos VTA had higher concentrations and loads than the control site, especially following installation of concrete pens and increased pen washing, which produced standing water and increased E. coli and nutrient influx. The Robertson VTA produced fewer significant reductions and had lower treatment efficiencies (29–69%);however, E. coli and nutrient concentrations and loads leaving this VTA were much lower than observed at the Bell and Brazos County sites due to alternative solids management and enclosed pens. Based on these results and previous research, VTAs can be practical, effective waste management alternatives for reducing nutrient and bacteria losses from small-scale animal operations, but only if properly designed and managed.

关键词： Bacteria Nutrients Swine manure Waste management Water quality

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