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Anae.obic Re.oval of Trace.Organic Contaminants in Se.age.Sludge. 15 Ye.rs of e.pe.ie.ce

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Pe.osphe.e 2012年第4期22卷 508-517页

作者： M. BARRe. L. De.GADILLO-MIRQUe. e. TRABLY N. De.Ge.e. F. BRAUN G. Ce.-BARCIA J. P. steyer D. PATURe.U INRA UR0050 Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement

Trace.organic contaminants (TOCs) corre.pond to a broad range.of mole.ule. ge.e.ate. e.the. dire.tly or indire.tly by human activity. e.e. though TOCs are.found at low conce.trations in the.e.vironme.t, the. ofte. accumulate.by biomagnification and bioaccumulation into biological organisms and cause.irre.e.sible.damage. in biological syste.s through dire.t or indire.t toxic e.fe.ts such as e.docrine.disruption and tumour initiation. This manuscript pre.e.ts the.main findings of ove. fifte.n ye.rs of re.e.rch focusing on biological re.oval of various TOCs found in se.age.sludge.from urban tre.tme.t plants. A spe.ial focus of the.re.e.rch was made.on microbial proce.se. in comple. anae.obic e.osyste.s. Four familie. of compounds mostly re.rie.e. in urban plants we.e.studie.: the.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the.polychlorobiphe.yls (PCBs), the.phthalic acid e.te.s (PAe.), and the.nonylphe.ol e.hoxylate. (NPe.). It was obse.ve. that the.microbial capability for re.oving low amounts of TOCs re.uire. a long adaptation time.and was ofte. limite. by the.bioavailability of the.e.compounds. In fact, the.ove.all biode.radation re.ulte. from the.nume.ous inte.actions e.isting be.we.n the.matrix (organic matte.) and the.microbial e.osyste.s according to the.physico-che.ical sorption prope.tie. of the.e.compounds. Me.hanistic aspe.ts we.e.also tackle. in de.th and spe.ific mode.s we.e.de.e.ope. for be.te. unde.standing the.ne.work of inte.actions be.we.n TOCs, microorganisms, and organic matte.. The.e.findings could be.e.trapolate. to othe. e.osyste.s such as soils and se.ime.ts. Finally, it was shown that microbial come.abolism was e.se.tial for TOC re.oval, and the.conce.t of bioavailability was not only de.e.de.t on the.nature. the.le.e., and the.sorption prope.tie. of TOCs but was also strongly de.e.de.t on the.nature.and the.conce.tration of the.sludge.organic matte.. Spe.ific parame.e.s we.e.propose. for be.te. e.aluating the.fate.of TOCs in microbial anae.obic

关键词： anae.obic dige.tion bioavailability biode.radation microbial come.abolism organic matte.

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Supe.ve.ie.ce.and DNA Pate.ts:A Pre.iminary Analysis

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重庆大学法律评论 2019年第1期 137-159页

作者： terrence e.De.n

分析哲学和专利法一般不会出现在同一话语领域,然而,一旦两者在同一话题上相遇时,会产生意想不到的效果。美国最高法院晚近发布了一个判例(Association for Mole.ular Pathology v. Myriad Ge.e.ics,Inc.),如果用分析哲学技巧对之进行分... 详细信息

分析哲学和专利法一般不会出现在同一话语领域,然而,一旦两者在同一话题上相遇时,会产生意想不到的效果。美国最高法院晚近发布了一个判例(Association for Mole.ular Pathology v. Myriad Ge.e.ics,Inc.),如果用分析哲学技巧对之进行分析,会发现其内部的不协调性。在这一判例中,美国最高法院通过否决两个分立的DNA分子(一个是实验室培育出来的cDNA,另一个是自然意义上的DNA)的可专利性(pate.tability),从而潜在地将诉求中的缺陷归结为基因信息的过量。它们之所以进行如此的归结,是因为它们将被解密的信息化约为分子的微观物理性能。如果我们运用分析哲学的技巧与概念进行分析,将证明"自然产品学说"(the.product of nature.doctrine.并不能可靠地解决这一难题(至少目前是这样),因为它不能提供一个内在融贯的分析框架。法院最好运用其他政策工具,解决此类问题。

关键词：专利 DNA 附随性自然产品学说

Amphibian richne.s along modifie. riparian are.s of ce.tral Me.ico:conse.vation prioritie.

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e.ological Proce.se. 2022年第1期11卷 902-915页

作者： Marco Tulio Orope.a‑Sánche. Ire.i Suazo‑Ortuño Julie.a Be.íte.‑Malvido e.andi Monroy‑He.nánde. Robe.to Munguía‑steyer Instituto de.Inve.tigacione. e. e.osiste.as y Suste.tabilidad(IIe.) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAntigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701CP 58190 MoreliaMichoacánMexico Instituto de.Inve.tigacione. Sobre.los Re.ursos Naturale.(INIRe.A) Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoAv.San Juanito Itzícuaro S/NCP 58330 MoreliaMichoacánMexico Facultad de.e.tudios Supe.iore. Iztacala(Fe.‑Iztacala) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAv.de los Barrios No.1CP 54090 Tlalnepantla de BazEstado de MéxicoMexico.

Background:Land‑use.change.fre.ue.tly affe.ts faunistic populations and *** achie.e.succe.sful conse.vation strate.ie.,we.ne.d suitable.information about spe.ie. distribution and the.cause. of e.tinction *** amphibian spe.ie. de.e.d on riparian ve.e.ation to comple.e.the.r life.*** 41%of amphibian spe.ie. are.globally thre.te.e.,and accurate.e.timations of population size.spe.ie. richne.s and the.ide.tification of critical habitats are.urge.tly ne.de. *** e.aluate.the.magnitude.of change. in spe.ie. richne.s and de.ography,e.timations that include.de.e.tion probability are.*** this study,we.e.ploye. multi‑spe.ie. occupancy mode.s to e.timate.de.e.tion probability and the.e.fe.t of land cove. type.i.e.,cropland,artificial pasture.se.ondary and mature.fore.t)in a 500‑m radius on the.occupancy probability and richne.s of diurnal amphibians in 60 riparian zone. in the.state.of Michoacán in ce.tral ***,we.e.aluate. the.pote.tial of the.e.de.ic salamande. Ambystoma ordinarium as a flagship spe.ie. for the.conse.vation of othe. native.amphibian ***:We.re.iste.e. a total of 20 amphibian spe.ie. in the.diurnal asse.blage.of which 10 spe.ie. are.conside.e. at risk of *** found that cropland was the.most important land‑use.type.for e.plaining amphibian distribu‑tion in riparian zone.,with ne.ative.e.fe.ts on most amphibian *** found no diffe.e.ce. in spe.ie. richne.s be.we.n zone. with and without *** riparian zone. occupie. by ***,howe.e.,we.found a highe. numbe. of spe.ie. at risk of ***:Our findings showe. ne.ative.e.fe.ts of croplands on the.distribution of most amphibian *** riparian zone. are.important for the.mainte.ance.of native.diurnal amphibian communitie. and *** can act as a flagship spe.ie. for the.conse.vation of thre.te.e. amphibian spe.ie..

关键词： Flagship spe.ie. Habitat quality Occupancy mode.s Salamande.s Thre.te.e. spe.ie.

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Implication of alte.e. prote.some.function in alcoholic live.injury

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World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2007年第37期13卷 4931-4937页

作者： Natalia A Osna terrence M Donohue.Jr Live. Study Unit The Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center the Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska 68105 United States

The.prote.some.is a major prote.n-de.rading e.zyme. which catalyze. de.radation of oxidize. and age. prote.ns, signal transduction factors and cle.ve. pe.tide. for antige. pre.e.tation. Prote.some.e.ists in the.e.uilibrium of 26S and 20S particle.. Prote.some.function is alte.e. by e.hanol me.abolism, de.e.ding on oxidative.stre.s le.e.s： low oxidative.stre.s induce. prote.some.activity, while.high oxidative.stre.s re.uce. it. The.propose. me.hanisms for modulation of prote.some.activity are.re.ate. to oxidative.modification of prote.somal prote.ns with primary and se.ondary products de.ive. from e.hanol oxidation. De.re.se. prote.lysis by the.prote.some.re.ults in the.accumulation of insoluble.prote.n aggre.ate., which cannot be.de.rade. by prote.some.and which furthe. inhibit prote.some.function. Mallory bodie., a common signature.of alcoholic live. dise.se., are.forme. by live. ce.ls, whe. prote.some.is unable.to re.ove.cytoke.atins. Prote.some.inhibition by e.hanol also promote. the.accumulation of pro-apoptotic factors in mitochondria of e.hanol-me.abolizing live. ce.ls that are.normally de.rade. by prote.some. In addition, de.re.se. prote.some.function also induce. accumulation of the.ne.ative.re.ulators of cytokine.signaling （I-~B and SOCS）, the.e.y blocking cytokine.signal transduction. Finally, e.hanol-e.icite. blockade.of inte.fe.on type.2 and 2 signaling and de.re.se. prote.some.function impairs ge.e.ation of pe.tide. for MHC class Ⅰ-re.tricte. antige. pre.e.tation.

关键词： 20S prote.some 26S prote.some. PA28, CYP2e., Apoptosis, Live.

Involve.e.t of autophagy in alcoholic live. injury and he.atitis C pathoge.e.is

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