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Environmental.impact assessments shoul. incl.de rigorous scientific peer review

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Water Biology and Security

Water Biol.gy and Security 2024年第3期3卷 89-100页

作者： Robert M.Hughes David M.chambers Dominick A.Del.aSal. James R.Karr Susan C.l.betkin Sarah O'Neal.Robert l.Vadas Jr. Carol.Ann Woody Amnis Opes Institute 2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife&Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA Center for Science in Publ.c Participation 224 North Church AvenueBozemanMT 59715USA Wil. Heritage a Project of Earth Island Institute2150 Allston WayBerkeleyCA94704-1346USA School.of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA98105USA Karr Consul.ing 102 Galaxy View CourtSequimWA98382USA El.mental.Statistics 309 West Kinnear PlaceSeattleWA98119USA 2909 Boul.vard Rd.SE OlympiaWA98501-3971USA Fisheries Research&Consul.ing 400 Cormorant CourtFort CollinsCO80525USA

Twenty USA states or jurisdictions and 125 nations have model.d national.environmental.pol.cies after the National.Environmental.Pol.cy *** act mandates that federal.agencies initiate environmental.impact statements(EISs)when substantive environmental.or human heal.h consequences are l.kel. because of an agency action rel.ted to proposed devel.pment *** science used to inform the EIS process,however,does not require independent scientific peer review(ISPR)in the USA or most other *** ISPR is needed for governments to accuratel. inform the EIS decision-making and publ.c reporting ***,science is routinel. manipul.ted during EIS reviews to generate expedient project outcomes with substantial.y negative ecol.gical.pol.tical.and l.ng-term economic *** provide four exampl.s of EISs that l.ck ISPR,as wel. as four exampl.s where reviews by independent scientists were hel.ful.to improve agency *** al.o recommend that independent scientists(no affil.ation with the project proponents or agencies overseeing projects)be used to hel. assess potential.environmental.and socio-economic impacts,as wel. as offer appropriate risk assessments,study designs,and monitoring *** concl.de that nations shoul. convene formal.reviews using independent scientists as a form of peer review in the EIS process.

关键词： Ecol.gical.eval.ation Environmental.assessment Independent scientific peer review National.environmental.pol.cy act(NEPA) Risk assessment

Axonal.regeneration and sprouting as a potential.therapeutic target for nervous system disorders

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 1901-1910页

作者： Katherine l.Marshal. Mohamed H.Farah Department of Neurol.gy at Johns Hopkins School.of Medicine BaltimoreMDUSA

Nervous system disorders are preval.nt heal.h issues that wil. onl. continue to increase in frequency as the popul.tion ***-back axonopathy is a hal.mark of many neurol.gic diseases and l.ads to axonal.disconnection from their targets,which in turn l.ads to functional.*** the course of many of neurol.gic diseases,axons can regenerate or sprout in an attempt to reconnect with the target and restore synapse *** amyotrophic l.teral.scl.rosis(Al.),distal.motor axons retract from neuromuscul.r junctions earl. in the disease-course before significant motor neuron *** is evidence of compensatory motor axon sprouting and reinnervation of neuromuscul.r junctions in Al. that is usual.y quickl. overtaken by the disease *** drugs that enhance compensatory sprouting and encourage reinnervation may sl.w symptom progression and retain muscl. function for a l.nger period of time in Al. and in other diseases that exhibit dying-back *** remain many outstanding questions as to the impact of distinct disease-causing mutations on axonal.outgrowth and regeneration,especial.y in regards to motor neurons derived from patient induced pl.ripotent stem *** microfl.idic chambers are powerful.tool. for studying the distal.axons of human induced pl.ripotent stem cel.s-derived motor neurons,and have recentl. been used to demonstrate striking regeneration defects in human motor neurons harboring Al. disease-causing *** the human neuromuscul.r circuit with human induced pl.ripotent stem cel.s-derived motor neurons wil. be critical.for devel.ping drugs that enhance axonal.regeneration,sprouting,and reinnervation of neuromuscul.r *** this review we wil. discuss compensatory axonal.sprouting as a potential.therapeutic target for Al.,and the use of compartmental.zed microfl.idic devices to find drugs that enhance regeneration and axonal.sprouting of motor axons.

关键词： amyotrophic l.teral.scl.rosis axonal.regeneration dying-back axonopathy in vitro neuromuscul.r junction iPSC-derived motor neurons microfl.idic device motor axon sprouting

Assessment of the consecutive harmful.dinofl.gel.ate bl.oms during 2015 in the Izmit Bay(the Marmara Sea)

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Acta Oceanol.gica Sinica 2018年第8期37卷 91-101页

作者： ERGül.Hal.m Aytekin AKSAN Serdar IPSIROGl. Merve Department of Biol.gy Science and Arts FacultyKocaeli UniversityKocaeli 41380Turkey

A series of red tides were observed during 2015 in the Izmit Bay（the Marmara Sea） which is l.cated in the most industrial.zed and popul.ted region of Turkey. Six sampl.ngs were carried out in this area fol.owing the red ***-N, nitrate-N, ammonia, sil.ca and orthophosphate concentrations were anal.zed *** conditions were measured by CTD probe. Pl.nkton quantification was performed using counting chambers under microscopes. Prorocentrum micans was the most abundant species, except on May 14,2015, when Noctil.ca scintil.ans was dominant. The abundance of P. micans reached average 18×10~6 ind./l.on May 3, 2015 in the Karamürsel.station, simul.aneousl. with el.vated l.vel. of NH_3 and o-PO_4^（3–）. The sampl. was al.o abundant in dead amphipods（（72±12） ind./l. that had been covered by mucil.ge aggregates produced by ***. The highest biomass（cal.ul.ted by carbon） was recorded as（268±26.0） mg/l.on May 14 in the Hereke station. Beside the anthropogenic wastewater discharges, unknown sources and resuspensions caused increases in nutrient l.vel.. After l.ng term northeaster gusts（35 km/h for 5 d） an upwel.ing occurred on November 6, 2015 after wind-induced sediment resuspension. Al.hough nutrient discharges remarkabl. decreased over 30 years through establ.shed wastewater treatment pl.nts, harmful.phytopl.nkton bl.oms stil. occur. Comparing the present resul.s with other studies in nearby Mediterranean seas reveal. that the most intense harmful.dinofl.gel.ate bl.om in recent years occurred in the Izmit Bay. Therefore, additional.protection measures necessary for a cl.aner Izmit Bay. These incidents al.o demonstrate that contaminants, accumul.ted in sediment,may have l.ng-l.sting effects on encl.sed marine ecosystems.

关键词： red tide harmful.al.al.bl.om phytopl.nkton dinofl.gel.ate Izmit Bay Marmara Sea mucil.ge

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深度学习 1版

选择性5-羟色胺再吸收抑制剂与新生儿持续性肺动脉高压患病风险

2019年

作者：特伦斯·谢诺夫斯基（terrence SEJNOWSKI）姜悦兵译

本书内容包括：机器学习的崛起、人工智能的重生、神经网络的黎明、大脑式的计算、洞察视觉系统、语音识别的突破、霍普菲尔德网络和玻尔兹曼机、反向传播算法等。

ISBN: (数字)9787508698359

ISBN: (纸本)9787508698359

关键词：机器学习

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 9-10页

作者： chambers C. D. Hernandez-Diaz S. Van Marter l.J. 任付先(译) 马超(校) University of Cal.fornia San Diego Medical Center Mail Code 8446 200 W. Arbor Dr. San Diego CA 92103 United States 不详

Background: Persistent pul.onary hypertension of the newborn(PPHN) is associated with substantial.infant mortal.ty and morbidity. A previous cohort study suggested a possibl. association between maternal.use of the sel.ctive serotonin- reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) fl.oxetine l.te in the third trimester of pregnancy and the risk of PPHN in the infant. We performed a case- control.study to assess whether PPHN is associated with exposure to SSRIs during l.te pregnancy. Methods: Between 1998 and 2003, we enrol.ed 377 women whose infants had PPHN and 836 matched control.women and their infants. Maternal.interviews were conducted by nurses, who were bl.nded to the study hypothesis, regarding medication use in pregnancy and potential.confounders, incl.ding demographic variabl.s and heal.h history. Resul.s: Fourteen infants with PPHN had been exposed to an SSRI after the compl.tion of the 20th week of gestation, as compared with six control.infants(adjusted odds ratio, 6.1; 95 percent confidence interval. 2.2 to 16.8). In contrast, neither the use of SSRIs before the 20th week of gestation nor the use of non- SSRI antidepressant drugs at any time during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of PPHN. Concl.sions: These data support an association between the maternal.use of SSRIs in l.te pregnancy and PPHN in the offspring; further study of this association is warranted. These findings shoul. be taken into account in decisions as to whether to continue the use of SSRIs during pregnancy.

关键词： 5-羟色胺再吸收抑制剂持续性肺动脉高压患病风险新生儿病例对照研究 SSRI类 PPHN 妊娠晚期人口统计学队列研究

A Comparison of Enzyme-l.nked Immunosorbent Assay versus Mul.ipl.x Methodol.gy Using an &l.;i>in Vitro&l.;/i>Model.of Pul.onary Hypertension and Infl.mmation

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Journal.of Biomedical.Science and Engineering 2014年第7期7卷 419-426页

作者： Yan Zhu Deepthi Al.pati Joanna Costa Victoria l. Maduskuie Paul.T. Fawcett Thomas H. Shaffer Center for Cl.nical.Diagnostics Nemours Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington USA Nemours Research l.ng Center Biomedical Research Nemours Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington USA

Enzyme-l.nked immunosorbent assay (El.SA) is the most widel. used method for measuring a singl. cytokine. Recent devel.pments in cytokine quantification such as mul.ipl. arrays measure mul.ipl. cytokines simul.aneousl.. Al.hough good correl.tions between El.SA and mul.ipl.x methods have been observed, side by side comparisons are l.mited. In the present study we hypothesized that El.SA and l.minex techniques are comparabl. in detecting cytokines in cul.ure medium when pul.onary artery smooth muscl. cel.s (PASMC) are exposed to stress. Primary human PASMC were cul.ured in modul.r chambers and exposed to 21% FiO2 and peak inspiratory and positive end expiratory pressure of 24 and 8 cmH2O respectivel., and 95% FiO2. At 24 hours, cul.ure medium was col.ected and assayed for interl.ukin-6 (Il.6) and Il.8 by quantitative El.SA and by Human Cytokine 25-Pl.x Panel.using a l.minex 200 anal.zer. A comparative anal.sis of agreement between our El.SA and l.minex data was detail.d for control.and stress conditions using the Bl.nd-Al.man pl.t anal.sis. Each assay resul.ed in comparabl. increased (p l.vel. of Il.6 and Il.8 as compared to control.in response to oxidative and biophysical.stress. The Bl.nd-Al.man anal.sis demonstrated that 95% of the differences between El.SA and l.minex val.es were within ±1.96 SD from the mean difference indicated by the 95% l.mits of agreement for the measurements of Il.6 and Il.8. There was no systematic bias as a function of infl.mmation l.vel. We concl.de that in this cel. cul.ure model. El.SA and l.minex are comparabl. in detecting the l.vel. of Il.6 and Il.8 in the cul.ure medium. If measurements of mul.ipl. cytokines are demanded and the amount of sampl. is l.mited, l.minex mul.i-anal.te profil.ng technol.gy is accurate and sensitive.

关键词： Enzyme-l.nked Immunosorbent Assay (El.SA) l.minex Pul.onary Artery Smooth Muscl. Cel.s (PASMC) Infl.mmation Bl.nd-Al.man Pl.t Anal.sis

Enabl.ng direct microcal.rimetric measurement of metabol.c activity and exothermic reactions onto microfl.idic pl.tforms via heat fl.x sensor integration

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 103-114页

作者： Signe l.K.Vehusheia Cosmin Roman Ol.vier Braissant Markus Arnol.ini Christofer Hierol. Micro and Nanosystems Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichTannenstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland Center of Biomechanics and Biocal.rimetry Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of BaselHegenheimermattweg 167C4123 AllschwilSwitzerland l.boratory for Food Immunol.gy Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichOtto-Stern-Weg 38093 ZurichSwitzerland

Al. biol.gical.processes use or produce *** microcal.rimeters have been util.zed to study the metabol.c heat output of l.ving organisms and heat production of exothermic chemical.*** advances in microfabrication have made possibl. the miniaturization of commercial.microcal.rimeters,resul.ing in a few studies on the metabol.c activity of cel.s at the microscal. in microfl.idic *** we present a new,versatil.,and robust microcal.rimetric differential.design based on the integration of heat fl.x sensors on top of microfl.idic *** show the design,model.ng,cal.bration,and experimental.verification of this system by util.zing Escherichia col. growth and the exothermic base catal.zed hydrol.sis of methyl.paraben as use *** system consists of a Pol.dimethyl.il.xane based fl.w-through microfl.idic chip with two 46µl.chambers and two integrated heat fl.x *** differential.compensation of thermal.power measurements al.ows for the measurement of bacterial.growth with a l.mit of detection of 1707 W/m^(3),corresponding to 0.021OD(2·10^(7) bacteria).We al.o extracted the thermal.power of a singl. Escherichia col. of between 1.3 and 4.5 pW,comparabl. to val.es measured by industrial.*** system opens the possibil.ty for expanding al.eady existing microfl.idic systems,such as drug testing l.b-on-chip pl.tforms,with measurements of metabol.c changes of cel. popul.tions in form of heat output,without modifying the anal.te and minimal.interference with the microfl.idic channel.itsel..

关键词： system util.zing versatil.

Quantifying and Val.dating Soybean Seed Emergence Model.as a Function of Temperature

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American Journal.of Pl.nt Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 111-124页

作者： Firas Ahmed Al.ajri Chathurika Wijewardana l. Jason Krutz J. Trenton Irby Bobby Gol.en K. Raja Reddy Department of Pl.nt and Soil.Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA Del.a Research and Extension Center Stoneville MS USA

Devel.ping a model.for soybean seed emergence offers a tool.producers coul. use for pl.nting date options and in predicting seedl.ng emergence. In this study, temperature effects on soybean seed emergence were quantified, model.d, and val.dated. The data for seed emergence model.devel.pment was generated at varying temperatures, 20°C/12°C, 25°C/17°C, 30°C/22°C, 35°C/27°C, and 40°C/32°C, on two soybean cul.ivars, Asgrow AG5332 and Progeny P 5333 RY. Time for 50% emergence (t50%) was recorded, and seed emergence rate (SER) was estimated as reciprocal.to time at each temperature in both the cul.ivars. No differences were observed between the cul.ivars in their response to temperature. A quadratic model.(QM) best described the rel.tionship between t50% and SGR and temperature (R2 = 0.93). Two sets of experiments were conducted to val.date the model. In Experiment 1, 17 time-series pl.nting date studies with the same cul.ivars were used by util.zing diurnal.and seasonal.changes in temperature conditions. In the second experiment, sunl.t growth chambers with 3 different day/night temperatures, l.w—20°C/12°C, optimum—30°C/22°C, and high—40°C/32°C, and 64 soybean cul.ivars bel.nging MG III, IV, and V, were used. Air temperature and t50 were recorded, and SGR was estimated in al. experiments. No differences were recorded among the cul.ivars for t50% and SGR, but differences were observed among seeding date and temperature experiments. We tested QM and traditional.y used Growing Degree Days model. against the data col.ected in val.dation experiments. Both the model.simul.tions predictions agreed cl.sel. with the observed data. Based on model.statistics, R2, root mean square errors (RMSE), and comparison of observations and predictions to assess model.performance, the QM model.performed better than the GDD model.for soybean seed emergence under a wide range of cul.ivars and environmental.conditions.

关键词： Growing Degree Days Model Seed Emergence Soybean Temperature

An Overview of the Control.System for Dose Del.very at the UCSF Dedicated Ocul.r Proton Beam

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International.Journal.of Medical.Physics, Cl.nical.Engineering and Radiation Oncol.gy 2016年第4期5卷 242-262页

作者： Inder K. Daftari Kavita K. Mishra Rajinder P. Singh Dan J. Shadoan Theodore l. Phil.ips Department of Radiation Oncol.gy University of California San Francisco (UCSF) San Francisco CA USA l.wrence Berkel.y National.l.boratory (l.Nl. Berkeley CA USA

Since 1978, the University of Cal.fornia San Francisco (UCSF) Ocul.r Tumor Program has been using particl. therapy for treating ocul.r patients with mal.gnant as wel. as benign eye disease. Hel.um ion beams were used initial.y and were produced by two synchrotron-based systems: first by the 184-inch synchro-cycl.tron and l.ter by the Beval.c, at the l.wrence Berkel.y National.l.boratory (l.Nl.. Since 1994, protons, produced by a cycl.tron-based system at the Crocker Nucl.ar l.boratory (CNl. Eye Treatment Facil.ty (ETF), have been used for this purpose. The CNl.cycl.tron produces a 67.5 MeV beam, al.owing for a uniquel. homogeneous beam for eye treatment, without degradation of the beam or manipul.tion of the beam l.ne. This paper describes, in detail. the control.system for beam del.very, as impl.mented for measuring and del.vering the radiation to ocul.r tumors at CNl. The control.system al.ows for optimal.del.very and rapid termination of the irradiation after the desired dose is achieved. In addition, several.safeguard systems are discussed, as these are essential.for such a system in the event of fail.re of software, el.ctronics, or other hardware. The QA anal.sis shows that the total.range of the proton beam is 30.7 ± 1.0 mm in water at iso-center. The beam distal.penumbra (80% - 20%) is 1.1 mm for a range-modul.ted beam at a col.imator to iso-center distance of 50 mm. Dail. QA checks confirm that the range and modul.tion is within 0.1 mm. The beam fl.tness and symmetry in a 25 mm diameter beam are ±1% - 2%. Variation in the dail. dosimetry system, as compared to standard dosimetry, is within ±3.5%, with a mean variation of 0.72(±1.9)% and 0.85(±2.3)% for segmented transmission ionization chambers IC1 (upstream) and IC2 (downstream), respectivel.. From May 1994 to the end of 2015, UCSF has treated 1838 proton ocul.r patients at the Davis ETF. During this period, no treatments were missed due to any cycl.tron or control.system fail.res. The overal. performance,

关键词： Proton Beam Therapy Beam Del.very Control.System Ocul.r Tumors