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Biodrying under Greenhouse Conditions as Pretreatment for Horticultural Waste

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第4期3卷 298-303页

作者： Fabian Robles-Martinez Elizabeth M.Silva-Rodriguez teodoro espinosa-solares Belem Pina-Guzman Carmen Calixto-Mosqueda Francisco J.Colomer-Mendoza Enrique Duran-Paramo Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología Instituto Politecnico NacionalMexico CityMexico Gus R.Douglass Institute West Virginia State UniversitySouth CharlestonUSA Departamento de Ingenieria Agroindustrial Universidad Autonoma ChapingoTexcocoMexico Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica y Construccion Universitat Jaume ICastellonSpain

The biodrying process was studied as an alternative technology to reduce the mass and volume of horticultural waste. Four static piles were prepared inside a greenhouse: two containing whole waste and two consisting of shredded waste. All the piles were compared with a test pile containing whole waste and placed outside the greenhouse. In two cases, ventilation ducts were installed to improve aeration. Each greenhouse was 2.0 m wide, 3.5 m long and 1.16 m high. The air temperature and relative humidity were monitored both inside and outside the greenhouse. Mass, humidity, organic matter and total nitrogen in the waste were measured. Piles inside the greenhouse showed decreases of 80% and 75% in weight and volume, respectively, during the first 16 days. The data obtained in this work suggest that biodrying could improve the handling and transport of horticultural waste while also minimizing the impact of pollutants.

关键词： Solid Waste Aerobic Degradation Stabilization Greenhouse

Kernel-Based State-Space Kriging for Predictive Control

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第5期10卷 1263-1275页

作者： A.Daniel Carnerero Daniel R.Ramirez Daniel Limon teodoro Alamo the Department of System Engineering and Automation University of SevilleSevilla 41020Spain the School of Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8552Japan Department of System Engineering and Automation University of SevilleSevilla 41020Spain

In this paper, we extend the state-space kriging(SSK) modeling technique presented in a previous work by the authors in order to consider non-autonomous systems. SSK is a data-driven method that computes predictions as linear combinations of past outputs. To model the nonlinear dynamics of the system, we propose the kernel-based state-space kriging(K-SSK), a new version of the SSK where kernel functions are used instead of resorting to considerations about the locality of the data. Also, a Kalman filter can be used to improve the predictions at each time step in the case of noisy measurements. A constrained tracking nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC) scheme using the black-box input-output model obtained by means of the K-SSK prediction method is proposed. Finally, a simulation example and a real experiment are provided in order to assess the performance of the proposed controller.

关键词： Data-driven methods model identification Kernel methods predictive control

Aspects of forest restoration and hydrology:the hydrological function of litter

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 543-552页

作者： Luara Castilho Pereira Leonardo Balbinot Marcelle teodoro Lima Julieta Bramorski Kelly Cristina Tonello Hydrology in Forest Ecosystems Lab.(Hidrolef) Department of Environmental SciencesFederal University of São Carlos(UFSCar)SorocabaSão PauloBrazil Hydrology in Forest Ecosystems Lab.(Hidrolef) Department of Environmental SciencesFederal University of Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAmapáBrazil

Although forests play important roles in the hydrological cycle,there is little information that relates the water retention capacity of litter in areas under passive restoration,especially in Cerrado savannas.This study relates litter levels to water holding capacity and effective water retention among forest fragments under different passive restoration stages:46,11,and 8 years to better understand litter hydrological functions in the Cerrado.Water retention capacity and effective water retention capacity of litters(unstructured materials,branches and leaves)in the field were monitored on a monthly basis.Total litter accumulation at 46 years was significantly higher than that of the other succession stages.Unstructured litter mass was significantly higher than that of leaves and branches.The 46-year stage had the highest water holding capacity in the leaf fraction,followed by unstructured material and branches.Although the water holding capacity was lower in the oldest resto-ration,this site showed the highest efficiency under field conditions.The process was quickly reestablished,as the 11-year restoration showed results closer to that for the 46-year stage in comparison to the area at 8 years.Thus,passive restoration plays a key role in soil water mainte-nance due to the influence of litter in Cerrado savannas.Deforestation and the imminent need of restoring degraded sites,highlight the need for further studies focused on bet-ter understanding of the process of forest restoration and its temporal effect on soil water recovery dynamics.

关键词： Forest hydrology Litter interception Stemflow Cerrado Águas Perenes Forest Water holding capacity

Epidemio-toxicological profile of suicide cases:analysis from a forensic unit in Brazil

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 643-649页

作者： Carolina de Castro Martins Yara Viera Lemos Maycoln Leoni Martins teodoro Ana Paula Drummond-Lage Department of Phsycology Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Forensic Anthropology Polícia Civil de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil School of Medicine Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Post-Graduation Department Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil

The suicide phenomenon involves complex interactions between psychological,biological,cultural and socio-environmental factors.This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and toxicological profiles of officially confirmed suicide victims.Aretrospective study was performed using autopsy reports,forensic anthropology examinations and police summaries of all suicide cases that underwent toxicological analysis at an Official Forensic Laboratory(Minas Gerais,Brazil)in 1 year.The sample set was composed of 351 suicide victims,predominantly men(70.32%),most of them were adults between 31 and 64 years old(62.11%),with mixed skin colour(48.89%)and low educational level(66.44%).The most common suicide method was hanging(57.79%),followed by intoxication(30.45%).Most victims presented positive toxicological results(56.41%),especially for the presence of medicines(37.6%),illicit drugs(36.3%)and pesticides(26.1%).Our study corroborated previous data that most suicide victims have low educational levels.The most common toxicological findings were medicines,especially prescription drugs,followed by illicit drugs and pesticides.We hope this study contributes to reflections and planning of preventive suicide programmes,considering the described profiles of victims.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology forensic medicine forensic anthropology suicide

Effects of cropland abandonment and afforestation on soil redistribution in a small Mediterranean mountain catchment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 339-352页

作者： Makki Khorchani Leticia Gaspar Estela Nadal-Romero Jose Arnaez teodoro Lasanta Ana Navas Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia(IPE CSIC)Campus de Aula DeiAvda.Montanana100550059ZaragozaSpain School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA Estacion Experimental Aula Dei(EEAD CSIC)Campus de Aula DeiAvda.Montanana100550059ZaragozaSpain University of La Rioja DCHPhysical GeographyLogronioSpain

In slopes of Mediterranean mid-mountain areas,land use and land cover changes linked to the aban-donment of cropland activity affect soil quality and degradation and soil redistribution;however,limited attention has been paid to this issue at catchment scale.This paper evaluates the effects of cropland abandonment and post-land abandonment management(through natural revegetation and afforesta-tion)on soil redistribution rates using fallout ^(137)Cs measurements in the Araguás catchment(0.45 km^(2),Central Spanish Pyrenees).A total of 52 soil core samples,distributed in a regular grid,from the first 30-40 cm and 9 sectioned reference samples were collected across the catchment and soil properties were analysed.Fallout ^(137)Cs was measured in a 5 cm sectioned references samples and in bulk grid samples.^(137)Cs inventories were used to estimate soil erosion and deposition rates across the catchment.Results show that the highest erosion rates were recorded under sparsely vegetated sites in the badland area,while the lowest rates were found in the afforested area,but no significant differences were observed between the different uses and covers in soil redistribution rates likely due to a long history of human intervention through cultivation in steep slopes and afforestation practices.However,the recovery of the soil organic matter in afforested areas suggest that afforestation can reduce soil degradation at long-term scale.The information gained achieve a better understanding of soil redistribution dynamics and provide knowledge for effective land management after cropland abandonment of agroecosystems in Mediter-ranean mountain areas.

关键词： Land use and land cover changes Caesium 137 Erosion and deposition rates Afforestation Mediterranean mountain areas

Artificial intelligence and machine learning for hemorrhagic trauma care

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 680-698页

作者： Henry T.Peng MMusaab Siddiqui Shawn G.Rhind Jing Zhang Luis teodoro da Luz Andrew Beckett Defence Research and Development Canada Toronto Research CentreTorontoON M3K 2C9Canada Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre TorontoON M4N 3M5Canada St.Michael’s Hospital TorontoON M5B 1W8Canada Royal Canadian Medical Services Ottawa K1A 0K2Canada

Artificial intelligence(AI),a branch of machine learning(ML)has been increasingly employed in the research of trauma in various aspects.Hemorrhage is the most common cause of trauma-related death.To better elucidate the current role of AI and contribute to future development of ML in trauma care,we conducted a review focused on the use of ML in the diagnosis or treatment strategy of traumatic hemorrhage.A literature search was carried out on PubMed and Google scholar.Titles and abstracts were screened and,if deemed appropriate,the full articles were reviewed.We included 89 studies in the review.These studies could be grouped into five areas:(1)prediction of outcomes;(2)risk assessment and injury severity for triage;(3)prediction of transfusions;(4)detection of hemorrhage;and(5)prediction of coagulopathy.Performance analysis of ML in comparison with current standards for trauma care showed that most studies demonstrated the benefits of ML models.However,most studies were retrospective,focused on prediction of mortality,and development of patient outcome scoring systems.Few studies performed model assessment via test datasets obtained from different sources.Prediction models for transfusions and coagulopathy have been developed,but none is in widespread use.AI-enabled ML-driven technology is becoming integral part of the whole course of trauma care.Comparison and application of ML algorithms using different datasets from initial training,testing and validation in prospective and randomized controlled trials are warranted for provision of decision support for individualized patient care as far forward as possible.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Hemorrhage Machine learning Trauma Injury

Multitemporal landslide inventory analysis of an intertropical mountain in west-central Mexico——Basis for hazard management

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1650-1669页

作者： Alejandro Cesar VALDES CARRERA Manuel E.MENDOZA teodoro CARLÓN ALLENDE Jose Luis MACIAS Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMorelia 58190Mexico Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia-Instituto de Geofisica-Unidad Michoacan Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMorelia 58190Mexico Instituto de Geofisica-Unidad Michoacan Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMorelia 58190Mexico

Landslides in intertropical mountainous areas of Mexico are a natural hazard that could potentially generate a disaster. Despite this, many areas lack landslide inventories, making it difficult to monitor and efficiently manage the associated risks for local populations. For this reason, the aim of this research was to undertake a multitemporal landslide inventory and analyze its conditioning factors in the Pico de Tancítaro stratovolcano, which, in recent decades, has presented several high-risk geomorphological events with disastrous consequences for nearby localities. The spatial distribution of landslides and its conditioning factors were mapped at a 1:50,000 scale for the 1995-2020 period, through visual interpretation of orthophotos and satellite images(Landsat, SPOT, and SENTINEL). The conditioning factors that link the most to landslides were Quaternary andesite and basaltic andesite rocks;volcanic cones, mountain river valleys, and very steep to steep slopes(30° to >45°), oriented to the South, North, and East;Andosols and Leptosols;and the oyamel fir and mixed forests. 505 landslide events classified into slides and flows that occurred in 1995, 2004, 2010, and 2015 were identified. New scars generated by the reactivation of landslide processes were also observed. The landslides in the study area were triggered by torrential rains caused by hurricanes and tropical storms;such as hurricanes Alex and Patricia. The inventory and analysis of conditioning factors highlighted the distribution and dynamics of slides and flows in the study area. In addition, the most important factors for studies of landslide susceptibility, hazards, and risks in the Pico de Tancítaro stratovolcano were identified, contributing to the management of geomorphological risks in intertropical mountain areas.

关键词： Geomorphology Mass wasting Natural hazards Pico de Tancítaro stratovolcano Risk management

High-throughput phenotyping of two plant-size traits of Eucalyptus species using neural networks

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 591-599页

作者： Marcus Vinicius Vieira Borges Janielle de Oliveira Garcia Tays Silva Batista Alexsandra Nogueira Martins Silva Fabio Henrique Rojo Baio Carlos Antônio da Silva Junior Gileno Brito de Azevedo Glauce Taís de Oliveira Sousa Azevedo Larissa Pereira Ribeiro teodoro Paulo Eduardo teodoro Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul(UFMS) Chapadão Do SulMato Grosso Do Sul 79560000Brazil Department of Geography State University of Mato Grosso(UNEMAT)SinopMato Grosso 78555000Brazil

In forest modeling to estimate the volume of wood,artificial intelligence has been shown to be quite effi-cient,especially using artificial neural networks(ANNs).Here we tested whether diameter at breast height(DBH)and the total plant height(Ht)of eucalyptus can be pre-dicted at the stand level using spectral bands measured by an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)multispectral sensor and vegetation indices.To do so,using the data obtained by the UAV as input variables,we tested different configurations(number of hidden layers and number of neurons in each layer)of ANNs for predicting DBH and Ht at stand level for different Eucalyptus species.The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates,with 20 trees in each experimental plot.The treatments comprised five Eucalyptus species(E.camaldulensis,E.uroplylla,E.saligna,E.gran-dis,and E.urograndis)and Corymbria citriodora.DBH and Ht for each plot at the stand level were measured seven times in separate overflights by the UAV,so that the multispectral sensor could obtain spectral bands to calculate vegetation indices(VIs).ANNs were then constructed using spectral bands and VIs as input layers,in addition to the categorical variable (species), to predict DBH and Ht at the stand level simultaneously. This report represents one of the first appli-cations of high-throughput phenotyping for plant size traits in Eucalyptus species. In general, ANNs containing three hidden layers gave better statistical performance (higher esti-mated r, lower estimated root mean squared error-RMSE) due to their greater capacity for self-learning. Among these ANNs, the best contained eight neurons in the first layer, seven in the second, and five in the third (8 − 7 − 5). The results reported here reveal the potential of using the gener-ated models to perform accurate forest inventories based on spectral bands and VIs obtained with a UAV multispectral sensor and ANNs, reducing labor and time.

关键词： Computational intelligence Diameter at breast height Forest inventory Remote sensing Vegetation indices

Coherent-interface-induced strain in large lattice-mismatched materials:A new approach for modeling Raman shift

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2405-2412页

作者： Andrian V.Kuchuk Fernando Mde Oliveira Pijush K.Ghosh Yuriy I.Mazur Hryhorii V.Stanchu Marcio D.teodoro Morgan E.Ware Gregory J.Salamo Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Departamento de Física Universidade Federal de São CarlosSão CarlosSP 13565-905Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

Strain engineering as one of the most powerful techniques for tuning optical and electronic properties of III-nitrides requires reliable methods for strain investigation.In this work,we reveal,that the linear model based on the experimental data limited to within a small range of biaxial strains(<0.2%),which is widely used for the non-destructive Raman study of strain with nanometer-scale spatial resolution is not valid for the binary wurtzite-structure group-III nitrides GaN and AlN.Importantly,we found that the discrepancy between the experimental values of strain and those calculated via Raman spectroscopy increases as the strain in both GaN and AlN increases.Herein,a new model has been developed to describe the strain-induced Raman frequency shift in GaN and AlN for a wide range of biaxial strains(up to 2.5%).Finally,we proposed a new approach to correlate the Raman frequency shift and strain,which is based on the lattice coherency in the epitaxial layers of superlattice structures and can be used for a wide range of materials.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy strain lattice coherency III-nitrides high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD)