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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第11期23卷 1865-1872页

作者： temesgen garoma Lacy Skidmore Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA

The influence of ethanol on the adsorption capacity and desorption kinetics of benzene and toluene on bentonite and kaolin through modeling and experimental study was *** results showed that the adsorption capacity of both soils for the target compounds decreased as ethanol content *** ethanol content increased from 0 to 50%,the adsorption capacity for benzene and toluene on bentonite decreased from 3.6 to 0.54 μg n＋1 /（L n ·g）（by 85%） and 1.91 to 0.01 μg n＋1 /（L n ·g）（by 99.5%）,*** benzene and toluene adsorption on kaolin,the adsorption capacity decreased by 86.5% （from 0.26 to 0.04 μg n＋1 /（L n ·g） and 98.2% （from 0.13 to 0.002 μg n＋1 /（L n ·g））,respectively,as ethanol content increased from 0 to 50%.In addition,the desorption rate of benzene and toluene from bentonite decreased by about one order of magnitude as the ethanol increased from 0 to 25% and 0 to 50%,*** can be inferred that ethanol could affect the effectiveness of natural attenuation processes that rely on adsorption to soils as a containment technique for benzene and toluene by retarding the adsorption to soils and remobilizing compounds that had already been adsorbed to soils.

关键词： benzene toluene ethanol soil adsorption desorption

Households Hunger:The Key Attribute to Anthropometric Failures of Children in West Oromia(Ethiopia)

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Current Medical Science 2020年第3期40卷 580-585页

作者： Wondu garoma Berra Nian-hong Yang Department of Nutrition&Food Hygiene Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and SafetyMOE Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Nutrition Unit Wollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia

Poor nutrition is the underlying cause of child ***,comprehensive data showing the relationships between dietary-practices,food security,and nutritional status are *** present study aimed to examine the association of inappropriate feeding practices and household-hunger with anthropometric measures in children aged 6–23 months.A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected ***-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to gather data on socio-demographic,child health,dietary-practices and *** and height/length of the children were measured and analyzed using the new World Health Organization(WHO)Growth *** prevalence of stunting,wasting and underweight as well as composite index of anthropometric failure(CIFA)were used to indicate *** overall prevalence of inappropriate feeding practices was 22.9%,rate of moderate households-hunger was 12.4%,and the prevalence of stunting,underweight and wasting was 16.2%,6.9%and 6.3%,respectively,while the CIAF was 21.3%.The prevalence was significantly higher in young children aged 12–23 months than in infants aged 6–11 *** from households experiencing moderate hunger had significantly higher risk of being stunting(OR:10.20;95%CI:2.00–51.50),underweight(OR:3.89;95%CI:1.40–10.90),wasting(OR:1.97;95%CI:0.99–3.90),and CIAF(OR:1.90;95%CI:1.05–3.45),than those residing in households experiencing no or mild ***-disciplinary approaches are required to improve household food-security and child dietary practices,thus the nutritional status among young children.

关键词： child dietary practices household hunger anthropometric failures West Oromia(Ethiopia)

Analysis of determinants of gross margin income generated through fishing activity to rural households around Lake Ziway and Langano in Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 595-607页

作者： Dawit garoma Asefa Admassie Gezahegn Ayele Fekadu Beyene Collage of Agriculture School of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Business Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia IFPRI Ethiopian Economics Association Addis Ababa Ethiopia USAID Addis Ababa Ethiopia

This article analyzed determinants of gross margin income from fishing to the rural households around Lake Ziway and Langano in Ethiopia. Four districts adjacent to the two lakes were selected purposively from which 179 respondents drawn randomly. Both primary and secondary information comprises of household structure and assets, climate factors and supportive services were organized. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and the Ricardian method. Budgetary analysis showed positive fish gross margin income (GMI) of ETB 3,023.40 to average fisher. The Ricardian analysis made use of the climate only model (Model 1) and comprehensive model (Model 2). Using Model 1, water level raise due to inflow is vital to earn fair income in addition to the rainfall amount in Season 1, which is supported with positive impact of precipitation water level interaction on fish income. Impact of precipitation was positive in Season 3, due to meher rainfall and withdrawal of fishing labor to join agriculture that minimized over fishing. Using Model 2, precipitation water level interaction has positive impact in Season 2 due to better inflow and Meher rainfall. The interaction term was negative in Season 4 attributed to decreased water level, dry weather and less precipitation. The result also showed positive impact of household members participation, participation in the traditional financial arrangement and capacity to finance operating costs. The study highlights problems facing fishing business like: decreased lake size and water volume, lake turbidity and siltation, open access and weak institutional arrangement to guide fishing efforts, wetland farming and expansion of irrigation to the lake side, cost of fishing materials, minimum sales price as well as poor access to the fish market. Hence, strengthening fishery coperatives, awareness creation, off-farm opportunities, integrated conservation works, reduced wetland farming and acquaintance to social netwo

关键词： Lake Ziway Lake Langano Fishing Household Gross Margin Ricardian Technique Ethiopia

Assessment of the Cause and Effect of Early Damage of Cobble Stone Road Construction and Its Remedial Measurements:A Case of Nekemte Town Cheleleki Sub City

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Journal of Building Material Science 2021年第1期3卷 26-36页

作者： Shiferaw garoma Wayessa Ayana Abera Beyene Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia Department of Surveying Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia

Road constructing in Ethiopia is increasingly in demand to meet its medium and long term development *** internal roads of Oromia city/town are cobblestone and *** portions along the alignment proposed and existing roads traversed low resistance of the subgrade that affect the stability of the upper layers of *** failure is observed on cobblestone roads,and it would be constructed with good quality or low quality of *** Cobblestones Projects have been started in 2014 widely which were filled in most areas today as we observed that needs to be addressed and a corresponding remedial measures must be drawn.A possible counteractive actions had been ordered for every observed destroyed to achieve the standard road situation of the study *** evaluation was made use observation,interviews,laboratory test and field test to govern an appropriateness of *** lie beneath soil used for bottom layers of road structure based on standard of Ethiopian Road Authority(ERA)low volume road ***,result from the field test and laboratory test shown,causes of cobblestone road failures of Nekemte street segment were mostly because of the construction steps/sequence,quality of materials,road construction time,absence of appropriate design,quality supervisor,absences of drainage structures,lack of highly compaction,lack of accurately fill fine aggregate and suddenly high loads vehicle applied on cobblestone road.

关键词： Cobblestone road Failures Remedial measures Laboratory test

Causative Constructions in Afaan Oromoo:Formal and semantic perspectives

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宏观语言学 2019年第1期7卷 70-96页

作者： Eba Teresa garoma Girma Tesfaye Tekle Jimma University Ethiopia Mizan-Tepi University Ethiopia

The main objective of this study is to give descriptions of formal and functional aspects of causative constructions in Afaan *** achieve the objective,written texts,native speaker informants and introspections are predominantly used as sources of *** findings reveal that the three structural aspects of causatives-morphological,lexical and syntactic-are used in the *** causatives are highly productive,and affixes with-s and-i in several combinations as well as-eess are employed for such *** Morphemes are detected to derive causatives of basic verb stems of different semantic categories and to involve causations in word-class *** are also simple and complex causations in which there are several causatives suffixes,causers and micro-events indicated morphologically and ***,direct,indirect,and assistive/cooperative causatives are ***-causatives are uncovered as peculiar futures of the language *** are,even,structures with explicit causative affixes which are called subjectless causatives,but they do not show any causal relations between the participants in the structure.

关键词： Afaan Oromoo morphological causatives direct vs.indirect causatives

Comparative Analysis of Amharic and Afaan Oromoo Proverbs:A meta-communication perspective

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宏观语言学 2019年第2期7卷 72-91页

作者： Abebe Lemessa Saka Eba Teresa garoma Haramya University Ethiopia Jimma University Ethiopia

Proverbs are timeless human wisdom in the form of concise figurative *** reflect the conceptual experience of the speakers,particularly the elders in speech *** study aims at presenting a comparative study between Amharic and Afaan Oromoo proverbs from the standpoint of meta-communication ***-communication is conceptualized as communicating about *** is believed to have many things in common with culture in that it shapes and dictates the communication behavior of a given *** verbal communication,the use of proverbs is quite often,explicitly to comment on communication *** the multifaceted functions of proverbs in several disciplines,the focuses of this study are proverbs as sources of communication that are relevant in linguistics and *** so doing,sample proverbs have been purposively selected based on semantic criteria and analyzed by using psycho-analysis *** the analysis of the proverbs,we built a cognitive model for their semantic *** is because the proverbs have relatively stable,conventionalized and contextual meaning of form as continuum,residing in their common conceptual *** of all,they are metaphor-dependent as a common on conceptual ***,there are a number of proverbs in Amharic and Afaan Oromoo as well that comment on importance of communication,communication behavior or processes,among *** both ethno-linguistic groups,thus,employing such proverbs to comment on communication is quite common which tend to show the communication behavior of each group.

关键词： Afaan Oromoo Amharic meta-communication metaphor proverbs

Removal of Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Impregnated with 8-Hydroxyquinoline

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环境科学与工程：英文版 2010年第5期4卷 14-21页

作者： T. garoma S. Shah B. Badriyha Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego California 92182 United States

The removal of cadmium, copper, and zinc from aqueous solution using activated carbon impregnated with 8-Hydroxyquinoline (oxine) was investigated in this study. The study was conducted using a completely mixed batch technique. Quantitative evaluation of the experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of oxine impregnated activated carbon was higher than that of the virgin activated carbon for the three heavy metals. For oxine impregnated activated carbon, the Freundlich distribution coefficient, d k, values were 23, 100, and 104 times larger than those of the virgin activated carbon for cadmium, copper, and zinc, respectively. Moreover, for oxine impregnated activated carbon, the d k values followed the sequence Cu > Zn > Cd which aggress well with the stability constants reported in the literature for the complexation of the three heavy metals with 8-Hydroxyquinoline.

关键词：浸渍活性炭羟基喹啉水溶液除镉铜锌吸附能力分配系数

Suitable Site Selection and Location Allocation of Solid Waste Collection Bin by Using Geographic Information Systems:A Case of Nekemte Town

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Journal of Building Material Science 2021年第1期3卷 15-25页

作者： Shiferaw garoma Wayessa Jiregna Nugusa Duresa Ayana Abera Beyene Motuma Shiferaw Regasa Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia Department of Hydraulic and Water Resource Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia Department of Surveying Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia

The problem of environmental pollution and health hazards due to inappropriate solid waste disposal is critical in developing countries like Ethiopia,Nekemte town is one of the town in Ethiopia facing from environmental pollution due to lack of appropriate dumping site which leads pollution of surface and ground water and environment in and around dumping *** key objective of this study was the selection of appropriate sites for disposal,solid waste using Geographic Information System *** the most suitable landfill site was determined through the integration of geographic information system tools,multi-criteria decision investigation and remote sensing *** select a suitable landfill site several parameters were considered for example slope,constructed area,road,water bodies,land uses,geology and *** analysis of the suitability of a solid waste-dumping site used GIS tools,weighted analyzed methods selected 36 areas for medium solid waste *** map was prepared by overlay analyzed with GIS based Weighted Linear Combination analysis to select the suitable sites and assigned as the value as unsuitable,less suitable,moderately suitable,suitable and highly suitable were *** this method selected,highly suitable areas for land fill and inclination area.

关键词： Site selection GIS Landfill Parameter Solid waste Suitability