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Plant food anti-nutritional factors and their reduction strategies:an overview

食物生产加工与营养(英文) 2020年第1期2卷 48-61页

作者： Mrinal Samtiya Rotimi E.Aluko tejpa. dhewa Department of Nutrition Biology Central University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryana 123031India Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T 2N2Canada

Legumes and cereals contain high amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients but also anti-nutritional *** anti-nutritional factors,which are found in edible crops include saponins,tannins,phytic acid,gossypol,lectins,protease inhibitors,amylase inhibitor,and ***-nutritional factors combine with nutrients and act as the major concern because of reduced nutrient *** other factors like trypsin inhibitors and phytates,which are present mainly in legumes and cereals,reduce the digestibility of proteins and mineral ***-nutrients are one of the key factors,which reduce the bioavailability of various components of the cereals and *** factors can cause micronutrient malnutrition and mineral *** are various traditional methods and technologies,which can be used to reduce the levels of these anti-nutrient *** processing techniques and methods such as fermentation,germination,debranning,autoclaving,soaking *** used to reduce the anti-nutrient contents in *** using various methods alone or in combinations,it is possible to reduce the level of anti-nutrients in *** review is focused on different types of anti-nutrients,and possible processing methods that can be used to reduce the level of these factors in food products.

关键词： Legumes Cereals Phytic acid Micronutrients Fermentation Lactic acid bacteria Anti-nutrients

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Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第3期14卷 550-560页

作者： Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar tejpa. dhewa Ravinder Kumar Dairy Microbiology Division National Dairy Research Institute Faculy of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Autonomous University of the State of Mexico Department of Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Microbial Science Division Agharkar Research Institute Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University Department of Microbiology Bhaskarcharya College of Applied Sciences University of Delhi

To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials（DFM） for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes（i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder） are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi（ARF） based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial

关键词： anaerobic rumen fungi bacterial DFM direct-fed microbials probiotics rumen

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