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Sudden Natural Deaths in Ontario,canada:A Retrospective Autopsy Analysis(2012-2016)

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2020年第1期6卷 18-26页

作者： Jayantha c.herath Olivia Liu Ontario Forensic Pathology Service Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoToronto Department of Anthropology(Forensic Science) University of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada

This study was performed to identify the categories and distribution of sudden natural deaths(SNDs)in Ontario(ON)from January 2012 to December 2016 as no such reports have been published in ON,and the authors sought to find out the distribution of SND across ON by organ system,age,and *** medicolegal databases were searched,and eight major categories of SND were identified and evaluated using multinomial logistic *** the 5-year period,10,880 autopsies were performed on individuals aged 1–100,who died of sudden and natural *** 800 causes of SNDs were recorded from January 2012 to December *** largest category of SND was attributed to diseases and complications of the cardiovascular system(64.1%)followed by the respiratory system(9.1%),gastrointestinal system(6.9%),central nervous system(6.0%),metabolic diseases(3.8%),chronic alcoholism(3.5%),other(2.4%),infectious diseases(2.2%),and cancer(1.8%).The five most common causes of SND were also cardiovascular in origin,which included atherosclerotic heart disease(n=2127,19.5%),atherosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease(n=711,6.5%),myocardial infarction(n=723,6.6%),hypertensive heart disease(n=518,4.8%),and pulmonary embolism(n=377,3.5%).Determination of cause of death in natural deaths is an important part in death investigation,which can provide crucial information in the interest of public health by identifying public health risks and monitoring disease trends.

关键词： cause of death epidemiology forensic pathology forensic science Ontario sudden natural death

Predictive modelling for cOVID-19 outbreak control:lessons from the navy cluster in Sri Lanka

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Military Medical Research 2022年第1期9卷 138-140页

作者： N.W.A.N.Y.Wijesekara Nayomi herath K.A.L.c.Kodituwakku H.D.B.herath Samitha Ginige Thilanga Ruwanpathirana Manjula Kariyawasam Sudath Samaraweera Anuruddha herath Senarupa Jayawardena Deepa Gamge Disaster Preparedness and Response Division Ministry of Health385Rev.Baddegama Wimalawansa Thero MawathaColombo 01000Sri Lanka Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health Colombo 01000Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Navy Colombo 01100Sri Lanka

In response to an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)within a cluster of Navy personnel in Sri Lanka commencing from 22nd April 2020,an aggressive outbreak management program was launched by the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of *** predict the possible number of cases within the susceptible population under four social distancing scenarios,the cOVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics(cHIME)was *** increasing social distancing,the epidemiological curve flattened,and its peak shifted to the *** observed or actually reported number of cases was above the projected number of cases at the onset;however,subsequently,it fell below all predicted *** modelling is a useful tool for the control of outbreaks such as cOVID-19 in a closed community.

关键词： cOVID-19 Predictive modelling SIR model Navy cluster Outbreak management

Strategies for fast breeding and improvement of Actinidia species

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Horticulture Research 2023年第3期10卷 266-270页

作者： Dinum herath Tianchi Wang charlotte Voogd Yongyan Peng Mikaela Douglas Joanna Putterill Erika Varkonyi-Gasic Andrew c.Allan The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited(Plant&Food Research)Mt Albert Private Bag 92169Auckland Mail CentreAuckland 1142New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand

Perspective Ensuring food security for a rapidly growing world population will need new *** include speed breeding and new breeding technologies,which have been established for major staple *** of woody perennial fruit tree species has progressed at a much slower pace and has met many *** fruit production will face major challenges with climate change,such as the loss of winter chilling needed for f lowering,a potential decrease in pollinator availability,and increasing pest and disease *** chinensis(kiwifruit)is an important fresh fruit crop,with varieties only several generations removed from the wild accessions and carrying only a fraction of the available genetic diversity[1,2].Improvement of traits such as fruit quality and storage,and resistance to emergent diseases underpin the breeding efforts,which are hampered by a long generation time,large plant size,dependence on chilling for budbreak and f lowering,dioecy and different ploidy *** addition to kiwifruit,the genus Actinidia consists of more than 50 species with edible fruit,all showing tremendous potential as future fruit crops[3].Their fast domestication and improvement will enable production of high-quality healthy fruit,contributing to food security in the changing climate conditions.

关键词： breeding crops removed

Nonnatural Deaths of children under the Age of 5 Years in Ontario, canada: A Retrospective Autopsy Analysis of 10 Years (2006–2015)

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2017年第4期3卷 197-202页

作者： Syeda Sakina Rizvi Jayantha c.herath Department of Public Health Lakehead UniversityThunder Bay Provincial Forensic Pathology Unit Forensic Pathology ServiceTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto

The goal of this study is to unravel the common patterns observed among nonnatural deaths of children under 5 years and suggest ways to prevent such unnecessary *** study was confined to the province of Ontario to allow the identification of regional specific *** database at the Office of the chief coroner of Ontario was searched for all pediatric deaths from the years 2006–*** nonnatural deaths for children under the age of 5 years,including sudden infant death syndrome,were selected for the *** and cause of death along with the corresponding year were recorded in *** the 10‑year period,940 nonnatural deaths were identified in Ontario through autopsy records which are equal to approximately 36.7%of the total childhood *** were 295 accidental cases(11.6%)and 71 homicides(2.8%).The leading causes of nonnatural childhood deaths in Ontario were drowning,traffic accidents,blunt trauma,and *** deaths are preventable through education and training of *** of educational interventions can significantly reduce nonnatural deaths of children in Ontario.

关键词： Accidental death drowning homicide trauma

Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sri Lanka:Experience from the National Reference Laboratory

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第3期15卷 114-120页

作者： Lilani Karunanayake Veeraraghavan Balaji K.D.N.Gunawardana Rosemol Varghese Vayishnavi Ariram Malka Dassanayake Vaithehi Rajeevan Francis Lakmini Yapa chamika herath Nambage Shirani chandrasiri Priyanka Wimalagunawardhana K.Dhananja Namalie c.T.Hapuarachchi Department of Bacteriology Medical Research InstituteColomboSri Lanka Department of Microbiology Christian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia Lady Ridgeway children’s Hospital ColomboSri Lanka Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Healthcare SciencesEastern UniversitySri Lanka Teaching Hospital AnuradhapuraSri Lanka District General Hospital MoneragalaSri Lanka colombo South Teaching Hospital KalubowilaSri Lanka District General Hospital PolonnaruwaSri Lanka North colombo Teaching Hospital RagamaSri Lanka District General Hospital MannarSri Lanka

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Neisseria(N.)meningitidis and Streptococcus(S.)pneumoniae in Sri Lankan ***:We retrospectively analyzed 11 blood culture specimens from suspected patients with invasive meningococcal disease and 26 *** clinical *** tested 6 antimicrobials against *** and 12 antimicrobials against *** serogroup was determined by realtime PcR and Quellung serotyping was used for pneumococcal ***:*** serogroup B was the most common in this ***-susceptibility to penicillin was seen in 75.0%(6/8)of *** to ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin and cotrimoxazole was 62.5%(5/8),62.5%(5/8)and 87.5%(7/8),*** susceptibility was seen in cefotaxime and *** ***,the most common serotype was 19F in both invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal *** majority of strains showed multidrug *** non-susceptibility in non-meningeal strains were 13.6%and all meningeal strains were penicillin *** was highly resistant in both *** showed excellent susceptibility in non-invasive pneumococcal diseases ***,levofloxacin and vancomycin showed 100.0%susceptibility in all pneumococcal ***:Implementation of vaccines should be considered,especially for children and high-risk *** may contribute to reducing pneumococcal and meningococcal invasive disease burden and help prevent emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains.

关键词： Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Sri Lanka Antimicrobial resistance Serotypes Invasive bacterial diseases

Urinary cystatin c:pediatric reference intervals and comparative assessment as a biomarker of renal injury among children in the regions with high burden of cKDu in Sri Lanka

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期18卷 196-205页

作者： Patabandi Maddumage Mihiri Ayesha Sandamini Pallage Mangala chathura Surendra De Silva Thibbotuwa Deniya Kankanamge Sameera chathuranga Gunasekara Sakuntha Dewaka Gunarathna Ranawake Arachchige Isini Pinipa chula herath Sudheera Sammanthi Jayasinghe Ediriweera Patabandi Saman chandana Nishad Jayasundara Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of RuhunaMatara 81000Sri Lanka Department of Nephrology Sri Jayewardenepura General HospitalColombo 10100Sri Lanka Department of Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of RuhunaGalle 80000Sri Lanka Department of Biosystems Technology Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of RuhunaMatara 81000Sri Lanka The Nicholas School of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Background cystatin c(cys-c)is an emerging biomarker of renal diseases and its clinical use,particularly for screening the communities affected by chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology(cKDu),is hindered due to the lack of reference intervals(RIs)for diverse ethnic and age *** present study aimed to define RIs for urinary cys-c(ucys-c)for a healthy pediatric population in Sri Lanka and in turn compare the renal function of the residential children in cKDu endemic and non-endemic regions in Sri *** A cross-sectional study was conducted with 850 healthy children(10-17 years)from selected locations for reference interval establishment,while a total of 892 children were recruited for the comparative *** samples were collected and analyzed for cys-c,creatinine(cr)and ***-adjusted ucys-c levels were partitioned by age,and RIs were determined with quantile regression(2.5th,50th and 97.5th quantiles)at 90%confidence *** The range of median RIs for ucys-c in healthy children was 45.94-64.44 ng/mg cr for boys and 53.58-69.97 ng/mg cr for *** median(interquartile range)ucys-c levels of children in the cKDu endemic and non-endemic regions were 58.18(21.8-141.9)and 58.31(23.9-155.3)ng/mg cr with no significant difference(P=0.781).A significant variation of ucys-c was noted in the children across *** Notably high ucys-c levels were observed in children with elevated ***,ucys-c could be a potential biomarker in identifying communities at high risk of cKDu susceptibility.

关键词： chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology cystatin c Pediatric Reference intervals Renal injury Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Postural Deformity in Papad Making Women —A cross-Sectional Observational Study

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Pain Studies and Treatment 2019年第2期7卷 21-31页

作者： Rekha B. Marbate tejaswini c. Gedam Shobha Bhave Umanjali Damke P. T. School and center Govt. Medical college Nagpur MUHS Nashik

Aim and Objective: To study musculoskeletal problems like musculoskeletal pain, postural deformity and nerve radiculopathy in women engaged in Papad making by clinical assessment. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational survey carried out at Shri. Mahila Gruh Udyog Lijjat Papad, Nandanvan, Nagpur (2014). 50 female subjects were selected for the study. After taking permission from factory in-charge, the survey was conducted at the factory site and subjects were explained about the study in details in language they can understand. consent form was obtained by subjects to participate. Data were collected by interview and clinical examination of women engaged in this occupation, As per proforma of musculoskeletal examination. Result: Almost 37 subjects out of 50 complaints about low back pain as a chief complaint followed by neck pain in 34, thoracic kyphosis was more profound postural deviation seen in 10 subjects. Paraspinal and calf muscle spasm is more common. Radiating pain and numbness more in dominant hand suggestive of involvement of median nerve were confirmed by Upper Limb Traction Test [ULTT]. Discussion: Socioeconomic status greatly influences the working needs of women. Shri. Mahila Gruh Udyog Lijjat Papad factory provides a platform for Women Empowerment. Faulty posture adoption for longer duration during work gives rise to various musculoskeletal problems. conclusion: 74% of the study population has low back pain as a chief musculoskeletal problem. 34% present with postural deviation and 82% belong to poor socioeconomic scale.

关键词： Women Working in Papad Making Industry Musculoskeletal Pain Postural Deviation

An Underactuated Linkage Finger Mechanism for Hand Prostheses

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 121-139页

作者： H. M. c. M. herath R. A. R. c. Gopura Thilina D. Lalitharatne Bionics Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Moratuwa Katubedda Sri Lanka

The underactuated fingers used in numerous robotic systems are evaluated by grasping force, configuration space, actuation method, precision of operation, compactness and weight. In consideration of all such factors a novel linkage based underactuated finger with a self-adaptive actuation mechanism is proposed to be used in prosthetics hands, where the finger can accomplish flexion and extension. Notably, the proposed mechanism can be characterized as a combination of parallel and series links. The mobility of the system has been analyzed according to the chebychev-Grübler-Kutzbach criterion for a planar mechanism. With the intention of verifying the effectiveness of the mechanism, kinematics analysis has been carried out, by means of the geometric representation and Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) parameter approach. The presented two-step analysis followed by a numerical study, eliminates the limitations of the D-H conversion method to analyze the robotics systems with both series and parallel links. In addition, the trajectories and configuration space of the proposed finger mechanism have been determined by the motion simulations. A prototype of the proposed finger mechanism has been fabricated using 3D printing and it has been experimentally tested to validate its functionality. The kinematic analysis, motion simulations, experimental investigations and finite element analysis have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism to gain the expected motions.

关键词： Linkage Finger Mechanism Underactuation Kinematic Analysis Denavit-Hartenberg conversion Geometric Representation

Recent Trends in climate Extreme Indices over Sri Lanka

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American Journal of climate change 2018年第4期7卷 586-599页

作者： I. M. Shiromani Priyanthika Jayawardena D. W. T. Thanuja Darshika H. M. Roshan c. herath Department of Meteorology Colombo Sri Lanka

Trends in 20 extreme indices of temperature and precipitation are examined for Sri Lanka using high-quality datasets for 19 meteorological stations, for a period between 1980 and 2015. It is evident that annually averaged mean minimum temperatures are increasing across most of Sri Lanka. The difference between maximum and minimum temperatures, diurnal temperature range is decreasing, indicating that the minimum temperature is increasing faster than the maximum temperature. Significant decrease in the annual occurrence of cold nights and increase in the annual occurrence of warm nights are also obvious. When compared with temperature changes, less spatially coherent pattern of change and a lower level of statistical significance were observed in precipitation indices. The annual total precipitation (PRcPTOT) has indicated a significant increasing over 1980-2015. More than 80% of stations showed an increasing trend in precipitation indices. The trends in extreme precipitation events such as maximum one-day precipitation, maximum five-day precipitation, and total precipitation on extreme rainfall days (R95p and R99p) are increasing at most locations, indicating that the intensity of the rainfall is increasing. Increase of precipitation extreme trends indicates that occurrence of extreme rainfall events notably influences total annual precipitation in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the observed increases in total rainfall observed in many locations may be due in part to an increase in of extreme rainfall events. Patterns of change in precipitation extremes are more heavily influencing the climate variability by aggravating the variability, significantly influencing climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture and water resource management.

关键词： Extreme Indices climate change Trends Precipitation