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Adult neurogenesis:a real hope or a delusion?

neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 6-15页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Rabia Akram Haseeb Anwar Faiqa Sajid tehreem.im.n Hyung Soo Han Chand Raza Jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory(nGL) Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Department of Physiology School of MedicineClinical Omics InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Department of Zoology Faculty of Chemistry and Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityLahorePakistan InSERM U1118Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFranceUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Adult neurogenesis,the process of creating new neurons,involves the coordinated division,migration,and differentiation of neural stem *** process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain:the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle,where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory *** has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem ***,recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis,bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult ***,we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem *** this notion,we talk about the importance of intra cellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell prolife *** on the current understanding,we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature ***,to achieve this goal,we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints,which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.

关键词： adult neurogenesis aging brain-derived neurotrophic factor dentate gyrus hippocampus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors notch oxidative stress stem cells subgranular zone

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Two distinct subpopulations of marginal zone B cells exhibit differential antibody-producing capacities and radioresistance

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Cellular & Molecular immunology 2024年第4期21卷 393-408页

作者： Sujin Lee Yeunjung Ko Hyun Woo Lee Won Joon Oh Hun Gi Hong Dinuka Ariyaratne Se Jin im Tae Jin Kim Department of immunology Graduate School of Basic Medical ScienceSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of immunology and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka Present address:immunology and Microbiology Graduate Program Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA

Marginal zone(MZ)B cells,which are splenic innate-like B cells that rapidly secrete antibodies(Abs)against blood-borne pathogens,are composed of heterogeneous ***,we showed that MZ B cells can be divided into two distinct subpopulations according to their CD80 expression ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited greater Ab-producing,proliferative,and IL-10-secreting capacities than did CD80^(low)MZ B ***,CD80^(high)MZ B cells survived 2-Gy whole-body irradiation,whereas CD80^(low)MZ B cells were depleted by irradiation and then repleted with one month after *** of CD80^(low)MZ B cells led to accelerated development of type II collagen(CII)-induced arthritis upon immunization with bovine ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited higher expression of genes involved in proliferation,plasma cell differentiation,and the antioxidant ***80^(high)MZ B cells expressed more autoreactive B cell receptors(BCRs)that recognized double-stranded DnA or CII,expressed more immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences with shorter complementarity-determining region 3 sequences,and included more clonotypes with no n-nucleotides or with B-1a BCR sequences than CD80^(low)MZ B *** transfer experiments showed that CD21^(+)CD23^(+)transitional 2 MZ precursors preferentially generated CD80^(low)MZ B cells and that a proportion of CD80^(low)MZ B cells were converted into CD80^(high)MZ B cells;in contrast,CD80^(high)MZ B cells stably remained CD80^(high)MZ B *** summary,MZ B cells can be divided into two subpopulations according to their CD80 expression levels,Ab-producing capacity,radioresistance,and autoreactivity,and these findings may suggest a hierarchical composition of MZ B cells with differential stability and BCR specificity.

关键词： Marginal Zone B Cell CD80 Autoreactivity Radioresistance

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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana M.M.Günther n.Bukharskii n.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov n.E.Andreev O.n.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany national Research nuclear University MEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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Spatial analysis of vegetation cover response to climate trends in Khakassia(South Siberia)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2869-2884页

作者： im Sergei Institute of natural Sciences and Mathematics Khakassian State University named after N.F.KatanovAbakan 655000Russia V.n.Sukachev Institute of Forest Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of ScienceKrasnoyarsk 660036Russia Institute of Ecology and Geography Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarsk 660041Russia Institute of Space Research and High Technologies Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and TechnologyKrasnoyarsk660014Russia

An analysis of the changes in vegetation cover on the territory of the Republic of Khakassia in 2000–2021 due to climatic trends was carried out based on the MODIS *** changes in vegetation cover were estimated based on trends in normalized Difference Vegetation Index(nDVI)and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI).In general,in the 21st century,an increase in the biomass of vegetation cover is *** trends were observed in 16%–22%of the territory,and negative only in 1%–3%.For about 20%of the analyzed territory,a significant influence of climate on the changes in vegetation cover was *** most pronounced negative impact on vegetation cover was caused by summer air and soil temperatures,spring temperature,and summer winds,and the positive impact was caused by summer precipitation and soil *** response of the vegetation cover to climate was non-uniform concerning the ***,a significant correlation with the amount of precipitation was observed for~20%–35%of vegetation growing below 600 m above sea level and for less than 5%above this *** negative effect of summer temperatures on plants prevailed mainly at an elevation below~1400 m above sea *** climate change is likely to lead to significant degradation of vegetation in the steppe and foreststeppe in Khakassia in the coming decades.

关键词： Khakassia South Siberia Vegetation cover Climate trends Remote sensing MODIS nDVI EVI Relief

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酿酒酵母中基于CRISPR/Cas9工具的基因编辑与代谢调控研究进展

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微生物学杂志 2024年第2期44卷 1-18页

作者：安迎锋梁瑶崑高嵩 Leonid n Valentovich 沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院辽宁沈阳110161 national Academy of Sciences of Belarus Institute of MicrobiologyBelarus Minsk 220084

CRISPR/Cas9系统已广泛用于各种生物体的基因编辑和代谢工程。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas9在酿酒酵母中的基本原理和实际应用。首先总结了CRISPR/Cas9技术的发展历史、酿酒酵母基因组中基因缺失和多DnA片段插入的成功案例。这一先进的系统减... 详细信息

CRISPR/Cas9系统已广泛用于各种生物体的基因编辑和代谢工程。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas9在酿酒酵母中的基本原理和实际应用。首先总结了CRISPR/Cas9技术的发展历史、酿酒酵母基因组中基因缺失和多DnA片段插入的成功案例。这一先进的系统减少了劳动力,增强了对分子遗传学的理解,加速了微生物工程的发展。其次总结了基于CRISPR/Cas9的系统在生产高附加值化学品和提高酿酒酵母耐应激性方面的研究进展。该综述对酿酒酵母的遗传和合成生物学研究具有重要的参考价值。

关键词：次生代谢产物代谢工程合成生物学抗逆性酿酒酵母

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Modeling of Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Biomedical Mental Disorder Diagnosis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3853-3867页

作者： Anwer Mustafa Hilal imène ISSAOUI Marwa Obayya Fahd n.Al-Wesabi nadhem nEMRI Manar Ahmed Hamza Mesfer Al Duhayyim Abu Sarwar Zamani Department of Computer and Self Development Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj16278Saudi Arabia Department of natural and Applied Sciences Community CollegeQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11564Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityMuhayel AseerSaudi Arabia&Faculty of Computer and ITSana’a UniversitySana’a31220Yemen Department of Information Systems King Khalid UniversityMuhayel Aseer62529Saudi Arabia Department of natural and Applied Sciences College of Community-AflajPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

The abundant existence of both structured and unstructured data and rapid advancement of statistical models stressed the importance of introducing Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI),a process that explains how prediction is done in AI *** mental disorder,i.e.,Autism Spectral Disorder(ASD)needs to be identified and classified at early stage itself in order to reduce health *** this background,the current paper presents XAI-based ASD diagnosis(XAI-ASD)model to detect and classify ASD *** proposed XAI-ASD technique involves the design of Bacterial Foraging Optimization(BFO)-based Feature Selection(FS)*** addition,Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)with Deep Belief network(DBn)model is also applied for ASD classification process in which the hyperparameters of DBn model are optimally tuned with the help of *** order to ensure a better ASD diagnostic outcome,a series of simulation process was conducted on ASD dataset.

关键词： Explainable artificial intelligence autism spectral disorder feature selection data classification machine learning metaheuristics

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Intelligent Deer Hunting Optimization Based Grid Scheduling Scheme

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 181-195页

作者： Mesfer Al Duhayyim Majdy M.Eltahir imène Issaoui Fahd n.Al-Wesabi Anwer Mustafa Hilal Fuad Ali Mohammed Al-Yarimi Manar Ahmed Hamza Abu Sarwar Zamani Department of natural and Applied Sciences College of Community-AflajPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Science&Art at MahayilKing Khalid UniversityMuhayel Aseer62529Saudi Arabia Department of natural and Applied Sciences Community CollegeQassim UniversityAl-Bukairiyah52571Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computer and IT Sana’a UniversitySana’aYemen Department of Computer and Self Development Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

The grid environment is a dynamic,heterogeneous,and changeable computing system that distributes various services amongst different *** attain the benefits of collaborative resource sharing in Grid computing,a novel and proficient grid resource management system(RMS)is ***,detection of an appropriate resource for the presented task is a difficult *** scientists have presented algorithms for mapping tasks to the *** of them focus on fault tolerance,user fulfillment,and load *** this motivation,this study designs an intelligent grid scheduling scheme using deer hunting optimization algorithm(DHOA),called IGSS-DHOA which schedules in such a way that the makespan gets minimized in the grid *** IGSS-DHOA technique is mainly based on the hunting nature of humans toward *** also derives an objective function with candidate solution(schedule)as input and the outcome is the makespan value denoting the quality of the candidate *** simulation results highlighted the supremacy of the IGSS-DHOA technique over the recent state of art techniques with the minimal average processing cost of 31717.9.

关键词： Grid services grid scheduling resources makespan np hard problem metaheuristics

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Fabrication of High-Density Out-of-Plane Microneedle Arrays with Various Heights and Diverse Cross-Sectional Shapes

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nano-Micro Letters 2022年第2期14卷 60-78页

作者： Hyeonhee Roh Young Jun Yoon Jin Soo Park Dong-Hyun Kang Seung Min Kwak Byung Chul Lee Maesoon im Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792South Korea Division of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul 02841South Korea Micro/nano Fabrication Center KISTSeoul 02792South Korea Division of Bio‑Medical Science&Technology KIST SchoolUniversity of Science&Technology(UST)Seoul 02792South Korea

Out-of-plane microneedle structures are widely used in various applications such as transcutaneous drug delivery and neural signal recording for brain machine *** work presents a novel but simple method to fabricate high-density silicon(Si)microneedle arrays with various heights and diverse cross-sectional shapes depending on photomask pattern *** proposed fabrication method is composed of a single photolithography and two subsequent deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)***,a photoresist layer was patterned on a Si substrate to define areas to be etched,which will eventually determine the final location and shape of each individual ***,the 1st DRIE step created deep trenches with a highly anisotropic etching of the Si ***,the photoresist was removed for more isotropic etching;the 2nd DRIE isolated and sharpened microneedles from the predefined trench *** on diverse photomask designs,the 2nd DRIE formed arrays of microneedles that have various height distributions,as well as diverse cross-sectional shapes across the *** these simple steps,high-aspect ratio microneedles were created in the high density of up to 625 microneedles mm^(-2)on a Si *** tests showed a small force as low as~172μn/microneedle is required for microneedle arrays to penetrate the dura mater of a mouse *** demonstrate a feasibility of drug delivery application,we also implemented silk microneedle arrays using molding *** fabrication method of the present study is expected to be broadly applicable to create microneedle structures for drug delivery,neuroprosthetic devices,and so on.

关键词： Microneedle Various heights Cross-sectional shapes Isotropic etch Deep reactive ion etching

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Low-temperature synthesis of Fe_(2)(MoO_(4))_(3) nanosheets: A cathode for sodium ion batteries with kinetics enhancement

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nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 3977-3987页

作者： Ha Tran Huu n.S.M.Viswanath ngoc Hung Vu Jong-Won Lee Won Bin im Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang University222Wangsimni-roSeongdong-guSeoul04763Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Chonnam National University77 Yongbong-roBuk-guGwangju61186Republic of Korea Falcuty of Biotechnology Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringPhenikaa UniversityHanoi10000Vietnam A&A Green Phoenix Group Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute(PRATI)167 Hoang NganHanoi10000Vietnam Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)333 Techno Jungang-daeroHyeonpung-eupDalseonggunDaegu42988Republic of Korea

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are alternatives to lithium ion batteries (LIBs), and offer some significant benefits such as cost reduction and a lower environmental impact;however, to compete with LIBs, further research is required to improve the performance of SIBs. In this study, an orthorhombic na super ionic conductor structural Fe_(2)(MoO_(4))_(3) nanosheet with amorphous-crystalline core-shell alignment was synthesized using a facile low-temperature water-vapor-assisted solid-state reaction and applied as a cathode material for SIBs. The obtained material has a well-defined three-dimensional stacking structure, and exhibits a high specific capacity of 87.8 mAh·g^(−1) at a current density of 1 C = 91 mA·g^(−1) after 1,000 cycles, which is due to the considerable contribution of extra surface-related reaction such as the pseudo-capacitive process. This material shows significantly improved cycling and rated behavior as well as enhanced performance under high- and low-temperature conditions, as compared to the same materials prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction. This enhancement is explained by the unique morphology in combination with the improved kinetics of the electrochemical reaction due to its lower charge transfer resistance and higher sodium ion conductivity.

关键词： low-temperature synthesis cathode sodium ion batteries kinetics na+super ionic conductor(nASICOn)

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Discreteness of Flux Groups

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2006年第1期22卷 115-122页

作者： Yong Seung CHO Myung im Lim Department of Mathematics Ewha Women's-University Seoul 120-750 Korea

Let （M, ω） be a closed symplectic 2n-dimensional manifold. Donaldson in his paper showed that there exist 2m-dimensional symplectie submanifolds （V^2m,ω） of （M,ω）, 1 ≤m ≤ n - 1, with （m - 1）-equivalent inclusions. On the basis of this fact we obtain isomorphic relations between kernel of Lefschetz map of M and kernels of Lefschetz maps of Donaldson submanifolds V^2m, 2 ≤ m ≤ n - 1. Then, using this relation, we show that the flux group of M is discrete if the action of π1 （M） on π2（M） is trivial and there exists a retraction r ： M→ V, where V is a 4-dimensional Donaldson submanifold. And, in the symplectically aspherical case, we investigate the flux groups of the manifolds.

关键词： Symplectic diffeomorphisms Flux Symplectically aspherical manifold Donaldson submanifold

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