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Effects of Continuous Mineral and Organic Fertilizer Inputs and Ploughing on Groundnut Yield and Soil Fertility in a Groundnut-Sorghum Rotation in Central Burkina Faso

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第3X期1卷 335-343页

作者： E. compaore P. cattan J. B. S. Taonda INERA Farako-Bd Agricultural Research Station 01 B.P. 910 Bobo-Dioulasso 01 Burkina Faso INERA Center for Environment and Agricultural Research and Training Kamboinse 01B.P. 476 Ouagadougou 01 BurkinaFaso CIRAD Neufchateau-Sainte-Marie Research Station Capesterre-Belle-Eau 97130 France

Two field experiments were conducted at Saria in the centre of Burkina Faso in order to assess the effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on yields and soil fertility on two different soils. Groundnut haulm yield, pod yield, number of pods, % 2-seeded pods, % pod rot, seed yield and 100 seeds weight as well as sorghum dry shoot and grain yields were measured. Most of the different variables were affected by continuous cropping without fertilizer application on the two soils, in particular on the coarse one. The effect of nutrient deficiencies was observed. The mineral fertilizers maintained yields, but their supply was not able to replenish the nutrient uptake by plants. The effect of compost on crop production was initially minimal, but improved during years seven and height. Tillage had also a slightly positive effect on yield, which varied with soil type. In the control plot, the content of organic matter decreased in five years and did not increase with the application of fertilizers. In contrast, addition of fertilizers increased total N and Bray-I P. Nitrogen, P, K and ca balances were negative in almost all treatments without mineral fertilizers. Results showed that fertilizers used were inadequate for maintaining soil fertility and yields in long run. However, extra production did not provide significant profits.

关键词： Groundnut-sorghum rotation mineral and organic fertilizers soil fertility yields.

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Study of the Nutritional Value and Hygienic Quality of Local Infant Flours from Chad, with the Aim of Their Use for Improved Infant Flours Preparation

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 59-68页

作者： Barnabas Kayalto Cheikna Zongo Raketa W. compaore Aly Savadogo Brahim B. Otchom Alfred S. Traore Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Research Center in Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN) Unit of Formation and Research in Life and ground Sciences University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Research Center in Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN) Unit of Formation and Research in Life and ground Sciences University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences (FSEA) University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad.

This study aims to develop infant flours fortified with iron and vitamin A, taken from local products such as powder from dried Moringa oleifera leaves and pulps of Parkia biglobosa to improve the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 24 months. Chemical analyses show that, for 100 g of local flours destined for children, there are adequate protein levels (between 7.00 ± 0.44 and 12.69 ± 0.44 g) and fat content (between 7.52 ± 0.35 and 16.26 ± 0.84 g), but that there are low levels of b-carotene and certain micronutrients Zn (0.67 ± 0.01 to 2.51 ± 0.19 mg), Fe (7.11 ± 0.90 to 12.70 ± 0.56 mg), ca (0.67 ± 0.01 to 2.51 ± 0.19 mg), Mg (6.79 ± 0.19 to 24.99 ± 1.75 mg). Analyses of minerals and vitamins showed that Moringa oleifera leaf-powder (per 100 g) is rich in calcium (1443.90 ± 11.03 mg), magnesium (176.72 ± 0.73 mg), iron (53.75 ± 5.07 mg), zinc (17.58 ± 0.89 mg) and b-carotene (624.40 ± 0.41 μg ER). 100 g of Parkia biglobosa’s pulps is rich in magnesium (73.00 ± 1.14 mg), iron (14.82 ± 2.49 mg), zinc (7.79 ± 0.44 mg) and vitamin C (75.29 ± 0.00 mg). In conclusion, we believe that these two ingredients can be effectively used to fortify local infant flours in vitamin A and iron and contribute to eradicating malnutrition due to micronutrients deficiencies.

关键词： Childhood Flours Nutritional Value Hygienic Quality Fortification Chad

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Involvement of CD40 (rs1883832) and MAP3K14 (rs2074292) Genes Polymorphisms in Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第12期11卷 343-361页

作者： Lassina Traore Nouhoun Nignan Sanata Kiemde Abdoul Rasmané Koumbem Sidnooma Véronique Zongo Minane Nafissa Triande Abdoul Karim Ouattara Marie Simone Traore Tegwindé Rébéca compaore Tani Sagna Ina Marie Traore Albert Théophane Yonli Bolni Marius Nagalo Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Norbert Zongo Centre Universitaire Manga Koudougou Burkina Faso Biomedical Research Laboratory (Larebio) Biomedical and Public Health Department Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST) Ouaga Burkina Faso Division of Hematology and Oncology Mayo Clinic Scottsdale USA

Introduction: Hepatic diseases comprise inflammations of the liver, which can originate from drug-induced, toxic, autoimmune sources and particularly hepatitis B and C virus infection. The outcome of the disease is linked to interactions between the immune system and the virus, and also depends on the age and immune status of the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of a MAP3K14 (rs2074292), CD40 (rs1883832) polymorphism and chronic hepatitis B virus carriage in a population from Burkina Faso. Methods: In this case-control analysis, 223 and 173 samples, consisting of 90 and 53 controls and 133 and 120 cases, were examined for MAP3K14 and CD40 respectively. The cases included patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genomic DNA extraction was executed using INVITROGEN and FAVORGEN kits. Genotyping of MAP3K14 (rs2074292) and CD40 (rs1883832) gene polymorphisms was accomplished via real-time PCR on the QuantStudioTM 5 Real-Time instrument, followed by allelic discrimination using TaqMan Genotyper Software. Data was interpreted using SPSS version 20 and Epi info version 7.***.2.0. Odds ratios (OR), confidence intervals (CI), and p-values were derived for risk and significance evaluation. Results: This study showed that the heterozygous CT genotype and the mutated T allele of the CD40 (rs1883832) gene are involved in the progression of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV-infected patients. However, no association was found between polymorphisms in the MAP3K14 gene (rs2074292) and the progression of HBV infection. By combining the two polymorphisms, we observed either high risk or protection, depending on the genotypes of the MAP3K14 and CD40 genes simultaneously carried by the patient. Conclusion: Polymorphisms of the MAP3K14 and CD40 genes are associated with the evolution of HBV infection.

关键词： Polymorphisms MAP3K14 CD40 HBV and Burkina Faso

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