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Perceptions of Bark Beetle Landscape Disturbance effects on Natural Resources and Drinking Water: Assessing Communication and Knowledge exchange in the Rocky Mountain Region, USA

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Open Journal of ecology 2024年第1期14卷 77-100页

作者： Stuart P. cottrell Katherine Mattor Jana Raadik cottrell Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Forest and Rangeland Stewardship (FRS) Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA University Honors Program Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Kuressaare College of Tallinn University of Technology Kuressaare Estonia

Widespread changes to forested watersheds affected by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) epidemic across western North America raised concerns about the effects of this climate-induced disturbance on drinking water and natural resources. effective communication and knowledge exchange across scientists and stakeholders (i.e., drinking water managers) is essential for constructively responding to such landscape scale disturbances, providing improved adaptive capacity through knowledge sharing. An assessment of stakeholder knowledge levels, information needs, primary concerns, and suggested communication strategies were conducted via an online elicitation survey and World Science Café workshops. Knowledge levels, assessed via a survey of local water managers and experts, were relatively low with approximately half of the respondents reporting little to no knowledge of the effects of mountain pine beetle on drinking water quality and quantity, thereby indicating limited knowledge exchange between scientists and drinking water stakeholders. Increased accessibility and dissemination of research findings pertinent to the mountain pine beetle epidemic’s effects on drinking water quality and quantity is necessary for natural resource management. Recommendations for improved communication among scientists and drinking water stakeholders in particular and forest health in general include dispersal of non-academic research summaries, information exchange through existing media and community resources, demonstration projects, and information clearinghouses. This information provides a better understanding of the challenges, concerns, and first-hand experience of stakeholders of a landscape disturbance issue to apply this knowledge to enhance land management practice and how researchers on this overall project enhanced science communication efforts.

关键词： Adaptive Capacity Climate Change Forested Watersheds Water Quality Water Quantity

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Quantum-mechanical effects in photoluminescence from thin crystalline gold films

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 783-794页

作者： Alan R.Bowman Alvaro Rodríguez echarri Fatemeh Kiani Fadil Iyikanat ted V.Tsoulos Joel D.Cox Ravishankar Sundararaman F.Javier García de Abajo Giulia Tagliabue Laboratory of Nanoscience for energy Technologies(LNeT) STIÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels(Barcelona)Spain. MBI–Max-Born-Institut BerlinGermany. POLIMA–Center for Polariton-driven Light–Matter Interactions University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Department of Materials Science&engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. Department of Physics Applied Physicsand AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. ICReA–Institucio Catalana de Recerca i estudis Avancats BarcelonaSpain

Luminescence constitutes a unique source of insight into hot carrier processes in metals,including those in plasmonic nanostructures used for sensing and energy ***,being weak in nature,metal luminescence remains poorly understood,its microscopic origin strongly debated,and its potential for unraveling nanoscale carrier dynamics largely ***,we reveal quantum-mechanical effects in the luminescence emanating from thin monocrystalline gold ***,we present experimental evidence,supported by first-principles simulations,to demonstrate its photoluminescence origin(i.e.,radiative emission from electron/hole recombination)when exciting in the interband *** model allows us to identify changes to the measured gold luminescence due to quantum-mechanical effects as the gold film thickness is ***,such effects are observable in the luminescence signal from flakes up to 40 nm in thickness,associated with the out-of-plane discreteness of the electronic band structure near the Fermi *** qualitatively reproduce the observations with first-principles modeling,thus establishing a unified description of luminescence in gold monocrystalline flakes and enabling its widespread application as a probe of carrier dynamics and light-matter interactions in this *** study paves the way for future explorations of hot carriers and charge-transfer dynamics in a multitude of material systems.

关键词： luminescence quantum crystalline

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Monitoring of brown stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) population dynamics in corn to predict its abundanee using weather data

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 536-544页

作者： Xinzhi Ni ted.e. cottrell G. David Buntin Xianchun Li Wei Wang Hong Zhuang USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit Tifton Georgia USA USDA-ARS Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory Byron Georgia USA Department of entomology University of Georgia Griffin Georgia USA Department of entomology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA College of engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China USDA-ARS Quality and Safety Assessment Research Unit Athens Georgia USA

The brown stink bug (BSB), euschistus servus (Say)(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a serious economic pest of corn production in the southeastern United States. The BSB population dynamics was mon itored for 17 weeks from tasseling to preharvest of corn plants (i.e., late May to mid-September) using pheromone traps in three corn fields from 2005 to 2009. The trap data showed two peaks in early June and mid-August, respectively. The relationship between trap catch and pregrowing season weather data was examined using correlation and stepwise multiple factor regression analyses. Weather indices used for the analyses were accumulated growing degree day (AGDD), number of days with minimum temperature below 0℃(Subz), accumulated daily maximum (AMaxT) and minimum temperatures (AMinT) and rainfall (ARain). The weather indices were calculated with lower (10℃) and upper (35℃) as biological thresholds. The parameters used in regression analysis were seasonal abundance (or overall mean of BSB adult catch)(BSBm), number of BSB adults caught at a peak (PeakBSB), and peak week (Peakwk). The BSBm was negatively related to high temperature (AmaxT or AGDD) consistently, whereas IstPeakBSB was positively correlated to both ARain and Subz, irrespective of weather data durations (the first 4, 4.5, and 5 months). In contrast, the 7-month weather data (AGDD7) were negatively correlated to the BSBm only, but not correlated to the second PeakBSB. The 5-year monitoring study demonstrated that weather data can be used to predict the BSB abundance at its first peak in tasseling corn fields in the southeastern U.S. states.

关键词： euschistus servus first trap catch peak pheromone trap catch population dynamics stepwise regression modeling weekly mean

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Influence of brown stink bug feeding, planting date and sampling time on common smut infection of maize

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Insect Science 2014年第5期21卷 564-571页

作者： Xinzhi Ni Michael D. Toews G. David Buntin James e. Carpenter Alisa Huffaker eric A. Schmelz ted.e. cottrell Zaid Abdo USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit Tifton GA 31793 Department of entomology University of Georgia TiftonGA 31793-5766 Department of entomology University of Georgia Griffin GA 30223 USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA 31793 USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville FL 32608 USDA-ARS Southeast Fru# and Tree Nut Research Laboratory Byron GA 31008 USDA-ARS South Atlantic Area Office 950 College Station Road Athens GA 30605 USA

Phytopathogen infections are frequently influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors in a crop field. The effect of brown stink bug, euschistus servus （Hemiptera： Pentatomidae）, feeding and planting date and sampling time on common smut （Ustilago maydis） infection percentage of maize plants was examined in 2005 and 2006, and 2010 and 2011, respectively. Brown stink bug adult feeding on maize hybrid ＂DKC6971＂ at flowering in 2005 and 2006 did not influence smut infection percentage when examined using 3 treatments （i.e., 0 adult, 5 adults, and 5 adults mixed with the smut spores）. The smut infection percentages were 〈 3% （n =12） in the 3 treatments. The smut infection percentage among the 4 weekly samplings was the same, so was natural aflatoxin contamination at harvest among the treatments. The 2nd experiment showed that planting date did not affect the smut infection percentage in either 2010 or 2011. But, the smut infection percentage from the postflowering sampling was greater than preflowering sampling in both years. The smut infection percentage varied among the germplasm lines in 2010, but not in 2011. This study demonstrated that brown stink bug feeding at flowering had no effect on smut infection in maize, and the best time for smut evaluation would be after flowering. The temperature and precipitation might have also influenced the percentage of smut-infected maize plants during the 4 years when the experiments were conducted. The similarity between kernel-colonizing U. maydis and Aspergillus flavus infections and genotype × environment interaction were also discussed.

关键词： common smut euschistus servus planting date Ustilago maydis

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Ca-based materials derived from calcined cigarette butts for CO_(2)capture and thermochemical energy storage

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 230-241页

作者： Nabil Amghar Virginia Moreno Pedro e.Sánchez-Jiménez Antonio Perejón Luis A.Pérez-Maqueda Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla C.S.I.C.-Universidad de SevillaC.Américo Vespucio4941092 SevillaSpain Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales(ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València(UPV)Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1AlcoyAlicante 03801Spain Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Sevilla41012 SevillaSpain

Cigarette butts(CBs)are one of the most common types of litter in the *** to the toxic substances they contain,the waste generated poses a harmful risk to the environment,and therefore there is an urgent need for alternative solutions to landfill ***,this work presents a possible revalorization of this waste material,which implies interesting environmental *** were used as sacrificial templates for the preparation of CaO-based materials by impregnation with calcium and magnesium nitrates followed by flaming *** materials presented.e.hanced porosity for their use in the Calcium Looping process applied either to thermochemical energy storage or CO_(2)capture *** influence of the concentration of Ca and Mg in the impregnating solutions on the multicycle reactivity of the samples was *** improved multicycle performance was obtained in terms of conversion for both applications.

关键词： Cigarette butts Calcium-Looping CO_(2)Capture Thermochemical energy storage

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Linking the effect of localised pitting corrosion with mechanical integrity of a rare earth magnesium alloy for implant use

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第3期21卷 32-43页

作者： Kerstin van Gaalen Conall Quinn Felix Benn Peter e.McHugh Alexander Kopp ted J.Vaughan Biomechanics Research Centre(BioMeC) Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland Meotec GmbH AachenGermany School of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom

This study presents a computational framework that investigates the effect of localised surface-based corrosion on the mechanical performance of a magnesium-based alloy.A finite element-based phenomenological corrosion model was used to generate a wide range of corrosion profiles,with subsequent uniaxial tensile test simulations to predict the mechanical response to *** python-based detection framework PitScan provides detailed quantification of the spatial phenomenological features of corrosion,including a full geometric tracking of corroding *** this approach,this study is the first to quantitatively demonstrate that a surface-based non-uniform corrosion model can capture both the geometrical and mechanical features of a magne-sium alloy undergoing corrosion by comparing to experimental *** this verified corrosion modelling approach,a wide range of corrosion scenarios was evaluated and enabled quantitative relationships to be established between the mechanical integrity and key phenomenological corrosion *** particular,we demonstrated that the minimal cross-sectional area parameter was the strongest predictor of the remaining mechanical strength(R2=0.98),with this relationship being independent of the severity or spatial features of localised surface ***,our analysis demonstrated that parameters described in ASTM G46-94 showed weaker correlations to the mechanical integrity of corroding specimens,compared to parameters determined by *** study establishes new mechanistic insight into the performance of the magnesium-based materials undergoing corrosion.

关键词： Magnesium Localised corrosion Corrosion modelling Phenomenology FeM

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Measuring efficiency of crop cleaners by image analysis

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2011年第4期4卷 34-41页

作者： Junming Wang Frank e.eaton ted W.Sammis MeKonnen Gebremichael Department of Agricultural and environmental Sciences Tennessee State UniversityUSA eaton Chile Harvester Inc. New MexicoUSA Department of Plant and environmental Sciences New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA Civil and environmental engineering Department University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA.

The purity of product from agricultural cleaners(such as chile,cotton,bean,wheat and other crop cleaners)is needed to be measured under various conditions in order to adjust and optimize the machine at the design and improvement *** traditional weight-based method of measuring purity is time consuming,and requires much *** this study,we used image analysis to measure percent crop cover for the product output to infer the *** cleaner was used as one example machine to compare between Photoshop©and Arcview©software for the analysis of fresh and dry harvest *** data collection process is more reproducible and less labor and time consuming than the traditional *** software packages provided accurate estimations of purity for both fresh and dry harvest ***©had better accuracy than Arcview©(mean error ratio of 0.016 vs.0.081 for fresh harvest;and 0.035 vs.0.114 for dry harvest).

关键词： cleaner measuring efficiency image analysis separation chile pepper purity trash

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Automated.e.-situ detection of pitting corrosion and its effect on the mechanical integrity of rare earth magnesium alloy-We43

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第2期7卷 545-558页

作者： Kerstin van Gaalen Felix Gremse Felix Benn Peter e.McHugh Alexander Kopp ted J.Vaughan Biomechanics Research Centre(BioMeC) Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringCollege of Science and EngineeringNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland Meotec GmbH AachenGermany Institute for experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany School of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom

This study develops a three-dimensional automated detection framework(PitScan)that systematically evaluates the severity and phenomenology of pitting *** framework uses a python-based algorithm to analyse microcomputer-tomography scans(μCT)of cylindrical specimens undergoing *** approach systematically identifies several surface-based corrosion features,enabling full spatial characterisation of pitting parameters,including pit density,pit size,pit depth as well as pitting factor according to ASTM ***,it is used to evaluate pitting formation in tensile specimens of a Rare earth Magnesium alloy undergoing corrosion,and relationships between key pitting parameters and mechanical performance are *** demonstrated that several of the parameters described in ASTM G46-94,including pit number,pit density and pitting factor,showed little correlation to mechanical ***,this study did identify that other parameters showed strong correlations with the ultimate tensile strength and these tended to be directly linked to the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the ***,our results indicate,that parameters directly linked to the loss of the cross-sectional area(*** material width),are parameters that are most suited to provide an indication of a specimen’s mechanical *** automated detection framework developed in this study has the potential to provide a basis to standardise measurements of pitting corrosion across a range of metals and future prediction of mechanical strength over degradation time.

关键词： Magnesium Corrosion Degradation Micro-computer-tomography Pit detection Automatization Mechanical integrity

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Intracellular in situ labeling of Ti02 nanoparticles for fluorescence microscopy detection

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 464-476页

作者： Koshonna Brown ted Thurn Lun Xin William Liu Remon Bazak Si Chen Barry Lai Stefan Vogt Chris Jacobsen Tatjana Paunesku Gayle e. Woloschak Department of Radiation Oncology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois 60611 USA X-ray Science Division Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Titanium dioxide （TiO2） nanoparticles are produced for many different purposes, including development of therapeutic and diagnostic nanoparticles for cancer detection and treatment, drug delivery, induction of DNA double-strand breaks, and imaging of specific cells and subcellular structures. Currently, the use of optical microscopy, an imaging technique most accessible to biology and medical patholog36 to detect TiO2 nanoparticles in cells and tissues ex vivo is limited with low detection limits, while more sensitive imaging methods （transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscop~ etc.） have low throughput and technical and operational complications. Herein, we describe two in situ post- treatment labeling approaches to stain TiO2 nanoparticles taken up by the cells. The first approach utilizes fluorescent biotin and fluorescent streptavidin to label the nanoparticles before and after cellular uptake; the second approach is based on the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, the so-called Click chemistry, for labeling and detection of azide-conjugated TiO2 nanoparticles with alkyne- conjugated fluorescent dyes such as Alexa Fluor 488. To confirm that optical fluorescence signals of these nanoparticles match the distribution of the Ti element, we used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy （XFM） at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Titanium-specific XFM showed excellent overlap with the location of optical fluorescence detected by confocal microscopy. Therefore, future experiments with TiO2 nanoparticles may safely rely on confocal microscopy after in situ nanoparticle labeling using approaches described here.

关键词： TiO2 nanoparticles anatase Click reaction biotin-streptavidin synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy

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Predicting localised corrosion and mechanical performance of a PeO surface modified rare earth magnesium alloy for implant use through in-silico modelling

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第8期26卷 437-451页

作者： Kerstin van Gaalen Conall Quinn Marek Weiler Felix Gremse Felix Benn Peter e.McHugh ted J.Vaughan Alexander Kopp Biomechanics Research Centre(BioMeC) Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland Meotec GmbH AachenGermany Institute for experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Gremse-IT GmbH AachenGermany School of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom

In this study,the influence of a plasma electrolytic oxidation(PeO)surface treatment on a medical-grade We43-based magnesium alloy is examined through an experimental and computational framework that considers the effects of localised corrosion features and mechanical properties throughout the corrosion ***,a comprehensive in-vitro immersion study was performed on We43-based tensile specimens with and without PeO surface modification,which included fully automated spatial reconstruction of the phenomenological features of corrosion through micro-CT scanning,followed by uniaxial tensile *** the experimental data of both unmodified and PeO-modified groups were used to calibrate parameters of a finite element-based surface corrosion ***-vitro,it was found that the We43-PeO modified group had a significantly lower corrosion rate and maintained significantly higher mechanical properties than the *** corrosion rates were~50%lower in the We43-PeO modified specimens,the local geometric features of corroding surfaces remained similar to the unmodified We43 group,however evolving after almost the double amount of *** were also able to quantitatively demonstrate that the PeO surface treatment on magnesium continued to protect samples from corrosion throughout the entire period tested,and not just in the early stages of *** the results from the testing framework,the model parameters of the surface-based corrosion model were identified for both *** enabled,for the first time,in-silico prediction of the physical features of corrosion and the mechanical performance of both unmodified and PeO modified magnesium *** simulation framework can enable future in-silico design and optimisation of bioabsorbable magnesium devices for load-bearing medical applications.

关键词： Plasma electrolytic oxidation We43MeO Degradation model Corrosion phenomenology Mechanical integrity

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