检索结果-南通市图书馆

Trace Element Concentrations in Soft Tissue and Shell of the Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea GasarDautzenberg, 1891) from the Lake Zowla-Aného Lagoon Hydro System (Southern Togo)

引用

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第12期12卷 471-492页

作者： Hodabalo Dheoulaba Solitoke Komlan Mawuli Afiademanyo Kamilou Ouro-Sama Gnon Tanouayi tchaa esso-essinam badassan Kissao Gnandi Laboratory of Waste Management Treatment and Valorization Faculty of Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Department of Zoology and Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo

The Lake Zowla-Aného lagoon hydro system, located on the southeast coast of Togo, is very exposed to metal contamination as it receives a huge amount of untreated domestic and industrial effluents from Aného City and the phosphorite treatment plant at Kpémé. This study aims to assess the concentrations of seven heavy metals and their bioaccumulation status in soft tissues and shells of the mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar) collected from this aquatic environment. Samples were collected in January, April and July 2017 at two stations and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results indicate that the waters are contaminated by Cd, Pb and Cr with average concentrations that are significantly above WHO standards. At both locations, the contents of the trace elements (except Cr) in oysters’ soft tissues were significantly higher than those in the shells. In the soft tissues, the concentration of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb ranged (in mg·kg-1) from 4.33 to 23.14, 93.4 to 366.7, 455.68 to 1384.15, 0.11 to 1.34, 16.42 to 62.6, 0.05 to 0.473 and 0.39 to 21.08, respectively. Furthermore, statistical analyses showed marked differences in mean concentrations between sampling time on the one hand, and between sampling locations on the other hand (p C. gasar can be used as a biomonitor of Zn, Cd, Cu and Hg exposure. Finally, the Cd, Pb, As, Zn and Cu concentrations in soft tissues and were found to be significantly higher than the permissible limit for human consumption according to WHO and FAO and thus pose a threat to human health.

关键词： Bioaccumulation Oyster Crassostrea Gasar Trace Elements Aného Lagoon Lake Zowla Togo

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Diet and Food Consumption of the African Catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatusLacépède (1803) (Siluriformes: Claroteidae), from the Hydrosystem Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného (South of Togo)

引用

Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第11期11卷 954-976页

作者： Kamilou Ouro-Sama Komlan Mawuli Afiademanyo Hodabalo Dheoulaba Solitoke Gnon Tanouayi tchaa esso-essinam badassan Housséni Ahoudi Kissao Gnandi Laboratoire de Gestion Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets (GTVD) Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire d’Ecologie Animale et d’Ecotoxicologie Département de Zoologie et Biologie Animale Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Catfishes belonging to the genus Chrysichthys are generally important fish species in inland water bodies of Africa because of their high commercial value. Among them, C. nigrodigitatus could represent, at certain periods of the year the highest biomass of the littoral ichthyofauna, accounting for 17 to 43.8% of total catches. In this paper, its diet in the hydrosystem Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného was investigated focusing on how differences in diet and food consumption are related to size, season and sexual maturity. A total of 195 males and 137 females were sampled from January to December 2017. The digestive tract of each individual was dissected and its content was analyzed, using indexes of stomach contents analysis method. Diet variability in relation to season and biometric parameters was also studied. About 99 stomachs were empty with an overall vacuity index of 29.82%. However, vacuity index was found to vary in relation to fish size and months. The fish has been found to be omnivorous with a carnivorous tendency consuming a wide range of prey items (H = 3.34). Juvenile and adult freshwater clams (Galatea paradoxa) were the numerical dominant preys (%N = 44%) while the penaeid shrimps (Farfantepenaeus notialis) with an annual frequency of occurrence (Fo) of 49.36% and all species confused of fish (33.91%) were the most preferred preys. The index of relative importance (IRI) reveals that freshwater clam (40.49%), penaeid shrimps (35.85%) and all species confused of fish (14.58%) were the most important preys of C. nigrodigitatus. The dominance of Malacostraca and Mollusca in the diet of C. nigrodigitatus in the hydrosystem Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného is likely one of the more important considerations for future management plans.

关键词： Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Food Item Feeding Ecology Lake Togo Lagoon of Aného

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Trace Elements in Mollusks, Crustaceans and Fish Commonly Consumed by the Catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatusLacépède, 1803 from the Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného Hydrosystem (Southern Togo)

引用

Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第12期12卷 1185-1203页

作者： Kamilou Ouro-Sama Komlan Mawuli Afiademanyo Hodabalo Dheoulaba Solitoke Gnon Tanouayi tchaa esso-essinam badassan Koudjo Adje Koudjo Adje Sadikou Agbere Kissao Gnandi Laboratoire de Gestion Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets Département de Géologie et Environnement Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire d’Ecologie Animale et d’Ecotoxicologie Département de Zoologie et Biologie Animale Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

The omnivorous fish species, C. nigrodigitatus feeds mainly on benthic organisms and may therefore consume contaminated food throughout its food web. This can lead to the bioaccumulation of contaminants such as trace elements in their tissues. However, fish consumption is a major pathway of human exposure to contaminants which may cause public health problems. The aim of the present study is to assess trace elements contamination in some species from the food web of C. nigrodigitatus. For this, 10 main food items of the silver catfish were collected at two sites from February to July 2017 and analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer coupled with a hydride and cold vapour generator. The concentrations of trace elements varied greatly from one species to another and within each species. These values ranged from 0.007 mg/kg for Hg in C hippos to 354.84 mg/kg for Mn in P. fusca. The most contaminated species by trace elements were benthic organisms: M. perna (Cd, Pb, Hg), Pagurus sp. (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn), G. paradoxa (As) and P. fusca (Mn). The average concentrations of trace elements found in species were, for the most part, above WHO standards except Hg in M. perna and G. paradoxa. The water-based bioconcentration factors (BCFw) reach 92.58 for Cd, 44.72 for Pb, 382.49 for Hg and 1514.34 for As in M. perna. It is therefore necessary to pay particular attention to this ecosystem and to put in place a better management plan.

关键词： C. nigrodigitatus Preys Trace Elements Contamination Lake Togo Aného Lagoon

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Early Postoperative Deaths in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit of CHU-Kara

引用

Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2023年第1期13卷 32-50页

作者： essohanam Tabana Mouzou Sarakawabalo Assenouwe Pikabalo Tchetike Eyram Yoan Makafui Amekoudi tchaa Hodabalo Towoezim Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care at CHU-Kara Kara Togo Anesthesia Resuscitation Service at CHU-Sylvanus Olympio in Lomé Lomé Togo Medical Resuscitation and Nephrology Department of CHU-Kara Kara Togo Trauma Service CHU-Kara Kara Togo

Aim: Review of early postoperative deaths in the surgical intensive care unit at CHU-Kara. Introduction: Surgery, one of the means of treatment of diseases, also presents risks for the patient, including early postoperative death linked to numerous risk factors. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted on the records of patients who died within 48 hours after surgery from November 1, 2019 to April 30, 2021. The study was conducted in the surgical intensive care unit and in the operating room. Results: Thirty-two early postoperative deaths or 2.22% out of 1442 operated with 30 deaths retained for the study. Male gender predominated (70%). The average age was 31.22 years. Farmers were more concerned (66.67%). The time to surgery was 1.6 days. ASA1 patients (40%) predominated followed by ASA IV (30%). 80% of patients were operated on as an emergency. Digestive pathologies 80% were more represented. General anaesthesia 86.66% was more practiced associating Propofol, Fentanyl, Ketamine and Atropine more frequently. The average duration of the procedures was 132.5 minutes. Intraoperative complications were associated with cardiac arrest and hemorrhage (33.34%). ASA class higher than 2, dirty surgery (46.67%), and delayed recovery (13.34%) were the incriminating risk factors. Death by hemodynamic shock and respiratory distress were the main causes 26.66%. Conclusion: Early postoperative mortality was high and involved all ages. Anesthesia and surgery, the low level of qualification of the intraoperative actors, the lesser intraoperative security;the association of anesthetic effects, the complexity of intraoperative lesions led to the increase of mortality. The combination of two or more factors was pejorative for the deaths.

关键词： Mortality Early Postoperative Surgical Resuscitation CHU-Kara Togo

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Practice of Pediatric Spinal Anesthesia in a Country with Limited Means: Example of Togo

引用

Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第2期13卷 32-45页

作者： essohanam Tabana Mouzou Sarakawabalo Assenouwe Pikabalo Tchetike Eyram Yoan Makafui Amekoudi tchaa Hodabalo Towoezim Resuscitation Anesthesia Department at the Kara-CHU Kara Togo CHU-Sylvanus Olympio Anesthesia Resuscitation Department in Lome Lome Togo Medical Resuscitation and Nephrology Service of the CHU-Kara Kara Togo CHU-Kara Traumatology Department Kara Togo

Introduction: The practice of spinal anesthesia in pediatric surgery is declining, especially in countries with limited means. What about in our context? Objective: To evaluate the practice of spinal anesthesia in pediatric surgery in Togo. Framework and method of study: This was a prospective study from November 2017 to May 2018 in pediatric surgery at CHU SO de Lomé, in the operating room and hospital ward of CHU Kara. The surgical, anesthesiological and evolutionary aspects of the patients were analyzed. Results: Sixty children were selected for the study who had an indication for sub-umbilical surgery. The male sex was predominant (73.3%). 47 (78.30%) patients were operated on for scheduled surgery. Hernia repair was the most performed surgical intervention (43.30%). The mean duration of the surgery was 78 ± 35.9 minutes. Most of the patients were ASA 1 (98.30%). The local anesthetic used was 0.5% isobaric Bupivacaine. Fentanyl was the predominant adjuvant (55%). The most widely used lumbar puncture needle was 25 Gauge with 75 millimeters in length (63.30%). Diazepam was the most widely used sedative (50%). The predominant spinal anesthesia protocol was spinal anesthesia alone (60%). Only one patient had hypotension (1.70%). Conclusion: The fairly satisfactory pediatric spinal anesthesia in Togo remains poorly performed. Its promotion involves the training of anesthesia practitioners and the strengthening of the technical platform.

关键词： Pediatric Surgery Spinal Anesthesia Togo

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Management of Traumatic Brain Injuries at the Kara Regional Hospital

引用

Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 19-27页

作者： Tamegnon Dossouvi tchaa Hodabalo Towoezim Abdel Kader Moumouni Kokou Kanassoua Iroukora Kassegne Ekoue David Dosseh Department of General Surgery Dapaong Regional Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Kara University Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Neurosurgery Kara University Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Kara University Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Kara Regional Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major public health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality in young adults. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of TBI. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study conducted from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023 on patients admitted to and treated for cranioencephalic trauma in the General Surgery department of Kara Regional Hospital. Results: Eighty-three (83) patients with cranioencephalic trauma were managed out of 773 patients admitted to the department during the study period. The mean age was 34 ± 14.98 years and the sex ratio was 3.6 in favour of men. Motorbike taxi drivers were the social group most affected (n = 33, 40%). The causes of trauma were dominated by public road accidents (n = 80;96%). TBI was mild (n = 40;48%), moderate (n = 35;42%) and severe (n = 8;10%). Cerebral CT scans were performed in 19 patients (23%). Cerebral contusion (n = 4) was the most frequent cerebral lesion. Six patients (7%) with severe head injuries were transferred to Kara University Hospital. Six deaths (7%) occurred in patients with severe head injuries. The main sequelae were intermittent headaches in all patients reviewed, and memory problems (6%). Conclusion: Traumatic brain injuries are common at Kara Regional Hospital. Severe cranial trauma is less frequent but leads to death because of financial difficulties and limited technical facilities.

关键词： Traumatic Brain Injury Road Accident Motorcyclist Cerebral Contusion Togo

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Hand Hygiene by Ward Staff at Dapaong Regional Hospital in Togo

引用

Open Journal of Nursing 2023年第2期13卷 95-112页

作者： essohanam Tabana Mouzou Sarakawabalo Assenouwe Eyram Yoan Makafui Amekoudi tchaa Hodabalo Towoezim Tchetike Pikabalo School of Health Sciences University of Kara Kara Togo Anesthesia and Intensive Care Service University Hospital of Kara Kara Togo Medical Intensive Care Service University Hospital of Kara Kara Togo Traumatology and orthopedic Service University Hospital of Kara Kara Togo Anesthesia and Intensive Care Service Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: Hand hygiene (HH) is an effective way to fight infections in healthcare settings. The general purpose of our study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care providers on HH at Dapaong regional hospital (DRH). Methodology: This was a prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from March to June 2022 in the DRH wards. Data were collected using a questionnaire and observation grid. Results: 90 care providers were surveyed. Males and non-physician personnel predominated with 57.8%, and 94.4% respectively. The survey on staff’s knowledge reported: 31.1% of practitioners did not wash their hands on arrival and departure in services. 24% did not know the difference between simple hand washing (SHW) and hygienic hand washing (HHW). 23.3% did not know the type of soap to use for HHW. The caregivers did not know the type of hand washing (HW) required after a septic and non-septic procedure in respectively 41.6%, and 37.8%. They did not know that there are two types of hand antiseptics (45.4%), nor the amount of antiseptic for HW (78.9%). The survey on staff’s attitude regarding HW found that: 70% did not remove all jewels prior HW, and 51.1% did not know that wearing gloves cannot replace the HW. For HW Staff Practice: 62.2% did not wash their hands before treatment. 91.1% did not spread the soap on their hands and forearms after wetting them. 65.55% did not rinse hands from nails to elbows. Conclusion: The HH was poorly known, the attitude of the staff was dangerous in relation to the HH and the practice of HH was very inadequate at the RHC-Dapaong. As a result, there is a need to retrain staff to increase their capacity to prevent care-related infections and enhance patient safety in the hospital.

关键词： Hand Hygiene Care Providers Hand Washing Antiseptics Dapaong Regional Hospital

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Mapping and Floristic Diversity of the Nakpadjouak Community Forest, Tami Canton, Togo (West Africa)

引用

Natural Resources 2024年第4期15卷 83-105页

作者： Senyo Kossi Ehlui Christian Anthony-Krueger Edinam Kola Wouyo Atakpama Alagie Bah Henrik von Wehrden tchaa Boukpessi West Africa Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use WASCAL University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Socié t&#233s Department of Geography University of Lom&#233 Lome Togo Department of Science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Laboratoire de Botanique et É cologie V&#233g&#233tale D&#233partement botanique Facult&#233 des sciences Universit&#233 de Lom&#233 Lome Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Faculty of Sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of L&#252neburg L&#252neburg Germany Laboratoire de Recherches Biogé ographiques et d&#8217Etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

Since 2015, community forests have been promoted in Togo as an alternative to protect areas from degradation and as a means of contributing to forest landscape restoration. The study focuses on the Nakpadjouak Community Forest (NCF) in Tami (Togo, West Africa) which contributes to community forests sustainable management. It aims in (i) mapping forest ecosystems and analysing their dynamic and (ii) characterizing the floristic diversity of the NCF. The ecosystems were mapped and their dynamic was evaluated based on Google Earth images of 2014 and 2020. Floristic and forestry inventories were carried out using the transect technique in a sample of 20 plots of 50 m × 20 m. The NCF was made up mainly by wooded/shrub savannahs (95.37%) and croplands/fallow (4.63%) in 2014. These two land use types undergone changes over the 6 years prior to 2020. By 2020, the NCF had 3 land use types: wooded/shrub savannahs (77.59%), open forest/wooded savannahs (22.23%), and croplands/fallows (0.18%). A total of 89 plant species belonging to 70 genera and 28 families were recorded within the NCF. The dominant species are: Heteropogon contortus (L.) ***. and Combretum collinum Fresen. followed by Pteleopsissuberosa Engl. & Diels, Annona senegalensis Pers. The most common species are: Lannea acida ***. s.l., A. senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa *** subsp. paradoxa, C. collinum and Acacia dudgeonii Craib ex Holland. Due to its small area of just 40 hectares and its diverse plant life, this community forest of Savannahs Region is a significant biodiversity hotspot and warrants conservation efforts.

关键词： Community Forest Floristic Diversity Land Use Change Biodiversity Hotspot Tami Savannah Region Togo

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Predictors of Nonunion in Humerus Shaft Fractures in Adults in Lomé(Togo)

引用

Open Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第11期5卷 361-368页

作者： Atchi Walla Gamal Ayouba Dadja essoya Landoh Batarabadja Bakriga tchaa Towoezim Anani Abalo Assang Michel Dossim Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo Service de Chirurgie Générale du Centre Hospitalier de Kpalimé Kpalimé Togo Division de l’Epidémiologie Ministère de la Santé Lomé Togo

Background: To identify predictors of humerus shaft fractures nonunion in adults whatever the type of treatment performed. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study among patients who had a fracture of the humeral shaft moving towards healing or nonunion. Patients were treated in the orthopedic trauma unit of Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital and two other private clinics in Lomé between January 2008 and June 2012. On the X-ray of each patient, we measured the angulation, the diastasis, and inter fragmentary contact. For each included patient, we looked for: age, sex, medical history, body mass index (BMI), according to the third location of the shaft fracture, the type of fracture according to AO classification and the type of opening according Tscherne classification. Results: During the study period, 184 patients with humeral shaft fracture were identified. Of these 108 were men. The mean age of patients was 37.3 years. The fractures were treated conservatively in 100 patients (54.3%), 78 treated surgically and six (3.3%) have discharged from hospital against medical advice for traditional treatment. The factors that were associated with nonunion of humerus shaft fractures in these patients were: the opening of the fracture (RR = 4.5;95% CI = [2.9;7.1]), the presence of immediately radial paralysis (RR = 5.6;95% CI = [3.7;8.5]), the existence of other associated lesions or fracture (RR = 1.8;95% CI = [1.1;3.1]), energy of the trauma (RR = 2.3;95% CI = [1.3;4.4]) and type III classification of Tscherne (RR = 0.3;95% CI = [0.2;0.6]). After multivariate analysis, factors that remained significantly associated with the failure of consolidation were: the existence of diastasis > 2 mm (OR = 7.6;95% CI = [2.2;25.6)), the Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 (OR = 1.3;95% CI = [1.1 - 1.6]) and the existence of other bone lesion (OR = 4.3;95% CI = [1.4 - 18.9]). Conclusion: BMI greater than 25, the existence of an interfragmentary gap of more than 2 mm and existence

关键词： Humerus Shaft Fracture Nonunion Predisposing Factors

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Primary Malignant Musculosqueletal Tumors of Members in Adult in Togo

引用

Open Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第4期6卷 103-107页

作者： Atchi Walla Faré Gnandi-Pio Piriziwè Dossim Gamal Ayouba tchaa Towoezim Tchin Darre Anani Abalo Michel Dossim Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique CHU SylvanusOlympio Lomé Togo Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique CHU Kara Kara Togo Service de Chirurgie Générale du CHP de Kpalimé Kpalimé Togo Laboratoire d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques CHU SylvanusOlympio Lomé Togo

Purpose: Primary malignant musculosqueletal tumors in adult are rare affections group and its treatment is still a real challenge today. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiologic and treatment aspects of these tumors in the national reference center of our country. Materiel and Methods: It was a retrospective review of primary malignant musculosqueletal tumors treated in orthopedics and trauma unit of Sylvanus Olympio teaching hospital of Lomé, Togo from January 2000 to December 2014. Results: During the study period, 28 cases were selected and reviewed. There were 17 men (60.71%) and 11 women (39.29%). The average age was 32.7 years. There were 20 cases (71%) of primary malignant bone tumors (PMBT) and 8 cases (29%) of primary malignant soft tissues tumors (PMSTT). There were 6 (30%) of osteosarcoma. The tumor was located in the bones of the forearm and wrist/hand in 2 (10%) patients for each anatomical site;for the lower limb, around knee in 7 (35%) patients. Eight patients had PMSTT (28, 57%). There were three cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 cases of fibrosarcoma. Tumors were located around knee in 4 cases and around ankle/foot in 3 cases. In the two groups of tumor, tumor resection was performed in 5 patients (17.86%) and limb amputation indicated in 23 patients (82.14%), was performed in 15 (53.57%) and 8 patients (37.78%), rejected it and left hospital against medical advice. Conclusion: Malignant musculoskeletal tumors are relatively rare in Togo. Their treatment is based on radical surgery which is often not supervised by adjuvant therapies. Ignorance, poverty of the population and embryonic state of diagnostic and treatment infrastructures are the obstacles to their care. Education and awareness must be integrated to care and fight against this group of diseases.

关键词： Primary Bone Tumors Soft Tissue Tumors Osteosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Togo

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：