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Species diversity in restoration plantings: Important factors for increasing the diversity of threatened tree species in the restoration of the Araucaria forest ecosystem

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 84-93页

作者： taylor e.shaw School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park

The Araucaria forest ecosystem in southern Brazil is highly threatened: less than one percent of the original forest remains, and what is left is a fragmented agro-mosaic of mostly early-to-late secondary forest patches among high-yield agriculture and timber monocultures. Forest restoration initiatives in this region aim to restore degraded areas, however the limited number of species used in restoration projects represents a missed opportunity for species-rich plantings. High diversity plantings represent a larger number of functional groups and provide a targeted conservation strategy for the high number of threatened species within this ecosystem. This study interviewed nurseries(Ns) and restoration practitioners(RPs) in Parana and Santa Catarina states to identify what species are being cultivated and planted, and what factors are driving the species selection process. An average of 20 species were reportedly used in restoration plantings, most of which are common, widespread species. Baseline data confirms that Ns and RPs have disproportionately low occurrences of threatened species in their inventories and plantings, supporting findings from previous research. Questionnaire responses reveal that opportunities for seed acquisition are an extremely important factor in order for nurseries to increase their diversity of cultivated species. Results also suggest that facilitating speciesrich plantings for restoration practitioners would only be feasible if it did not increase the time required to complete planting projects, as it would minimize their ability to keep costs low. This study proposes solutions for increasing the number of species used in restoration practicedsuch as developing a comprehensive species list, fostering knowledge-sharing between actors, creating seed sharing programs, and increasing coordination of planting projects. Long-term strategies involve complimenting traditional ex situ approaches with emerging inter-situ and quasi in situ conserv

关键词： Restoration Araucaria forest Threatened species Nurseries Restoration practitioners Decision-making

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Type 2 diabetes:Challenges facing GPs

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2018年第1期6卷 26-31页

作者： Lili Huo Jonathan e.shaw Department of endocrinology Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijingChina Department of Clinical Diabetes and epidemiology Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia Department of epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

China faces a huge task in managing the large numbers of people with *** care is at the forefront of this challenge,and needs to begin to adopt some of the management and organizational approaches that have been shown... 详细信息

关键词： China type 2 diabetes general practitioners

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加拿大遥感卫星计划——雷达卫星

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铁路航测 1989年第2期15卷 37-41页

作者： e.shaw 曲家惠加拿大遥感中心

雷达卫星是加拿大独自进行的卫星运行计划,这项计划把合成孔径雷达怍为仪表舱的主要传感器,该卫星于1990年发射。本文将介绍有关卫星的设想和现状,并讨论某些应用和国际合作计划。

关键词：遥感卫星卫星雷达卫星加拿大

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In vivo mouse models to study bile acid synthesis and signaling

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第5期22卷 466-473页

作者： Anisha Bhattacharya Rulaiha e taylor Grace L Guo Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Rutgers Center for Lipid Research RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA VA New Jersey Health Care System Veterans Administration Medical CenterEast OrangeNew JerseyUSA

The synthesis of bile acids(BAs)is carried out by complex pathways characterized by sequential chemical reactions in the liver through various cytochromes P450(CYP)and other *** the integrity of these pathways is crucial for normal physiological function in mammals,encompassing hepatic and neurological *** on the deficiencies in BA synthesis genes offers valuable insights into the significance of BAs in modulating farnesoid X receptor(FXR)signaling and metabolic *** creating mouse knockout(KO)models,researchers can manipulate deficiencies in genes involved in BA synthesis,which can be used to study human diseases with BA *** KO mouse models allow for a more profound understanding of the functions and regulations of genes responsible for BA ***,KO mouse models shed light on the distinct characteristics of individual BA and their roles in nuclear receptor ***,alterations of BA synthesis genes in mouse models have distinct differences when compared to human diseases caused by the same BA synthesis gene *** review summarizes several mouse KO models used to study BA synthesis and related human diseases,including mice deficient in Cyp7a1,Cyp27a1,Cyp7a1/Cyp27a1,Cyp8b1,Cyp7b1,Cyp2c70,Cyp2a12,and Cyp2c70/Cyp2a12,as well as germ-free mice.

关键词： Bile acid Species difference Farnesoid X receptor Liver diseases

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An external quantum efficiency of>20%from solutionprocessed poly(dendrimer)organic light-emitting diodes

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npj Flexible electronics 2018年第1期2卷 213-218页

作者： Fatemeh Maasoumi Ross D.Jansen-van Vuuren Paul e.shaw emma V.Puttock Ravi Chandra Raju Nagiri Jake A.Mcewan Mark Bown Jenny L.O’Connell Christopher J.Dunn Paul L.Burn ebinazar B.Namdas Centre for Organic Photonics&electronics(COPe) School of Chemistry&Molecular Biosciences and School of Mathematics&PhysicsUniversity of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia CSIRO Manufacturing Research WayClaytonVIC 3168Australia

Controlling the orientation of the emissive dipole has led to a renaissance of organic light-emitting diode(OLeD)research,with external quantum efficiencies(eQes)of>30%being reported for phosphorescent *** highly efficient OLeDs are generally manufactured using evaporative methods and are comprised of small-molecule heteroleptic phosphorescent iridium(III)complexes blended with a host and additional layers to balance charge injection and *** area OLeDs for lighting and display applications would benefit from low-cost solution processing,provided that high eQes could be ***,we show that poly(dendrimer)s consisting of a non-conjugated polymer backbone with iridium(III)complexes forming the cores of firstgeneration dendrimer side chains can be co-deposited with a host by solution processing to give highly efficient *** bilayer devices comprising the emissive layer and an electron transport layer gave an eQe of>20%at luminances of up to≈300 cd/m^(2),showing that polymer engineering can enable alignment of the emissive dipole of solution-processed phosphorescent materials.

关键词： quantum dipole light

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The association between Tai Chi exercise and safe driving performance among older adults： An observational study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 83-94页

作者： Sally Miller Ruth e.taylor-Piliae School of Nursing Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37240 USA College of Nursing The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Background: Age-related cognitive and physical decline can impair safe driving performance. Tai Chi exercise benefits cognitive and physical function and may influence safe driving performance in older adults. The primary aim of this observational study was to compare cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance among older adult Tai Chi practitioners to normative reference *** aims were to examine relationships between Tai Chi exercise habits, cognitive processes, and physical function related to safe driving performance and to explore potential predictors of safe driving ***: The Driving Health Inventory, the Driving Scenes Test, other driving-related cognitive and physical measures, and self-reported measures including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) and the Vitality Plus Scale(VPS) were collected from current Tai Chi practitioners(n = 58; age 72.9 ± 5.9 years, mean ± SD) with median >3 years Tai Chi ***: Compared to normative reference values, participants performed better on numerous cognitive measures including the Driving Scenes Test(p e navigation(p = 0.017, d = 0.27), the Useful Field of View Test(p easures including the Rapid Walk Test(p e Right Foot Tapping Test,(p ed higher than normative reference values on MAAS and VPS(p espectively). Statistically significant correlations were found between several study measures. The digit span backward test was the strongest predictor of safe driving performance(β = 0.34,p = 0.009).Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise has the potential to impact cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance. Further study using randomized controlled trials, structured Tai Chi exercise doses, and driving simulator or on-road driving performance as outcome measures

关键词： Automobile driving Driving performance exercise Older adults Physical activity Tai Chi

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Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and Health Adaptation in Southwestern Coastal Bangladesh

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第1期10卷 28-42页

作者： Md.Anwarul Abedin Andrew e.Collins Umma Habiba Rajib shaw Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Department of Geography and environmental Sciences/Disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University Department of Agricultural extension Ministry of Agriculture Graduate School of Media and Governance Keio UniversityShonan Fujisawa Campus (SFC)

Climate change may affect human health through multiple and interactive pathways that include safe water scarcity. However, impacts of climate change-induced water scarcity on health and well-being are *** 80% of illnesses in developing countries are attributed to unsafe drinking water and waterborne diseases. In Southwestern Bangladesh, lack of safe drinking water is a severe crisis due to climate change. The study investigated the impacts of climate change on water resources and human health in a coastal area. A questionnaire survey was carried out in two villages of Shymnagar upazila on the southwestern coast to investigate the present status of safe water sources and health care facilities and their impacts on the local community. The results show that the local community believes that climate change is having substantial impacts on freshwater sources and health. More than 70% of the respondents identified diarrhea, dysentery,and skin diseases as the prime waterborne health risks that occur through climate-related safe water scarcity. By synthesizing the ground data, we suggest pathways to health adaptation to climate change effects and safe water scarcitythrough locally available adaptive practices such as the use of pond sand filters, rainwater harvesting, and importing potable water with the active participation of the government,nongovernmental organizations, and communities.

关键词： Climate change Health risks Safe water scarcity Southwestern Bangladesh Waterborne diseases

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红方:支持美国糖尿病协会空腹血糖受损的新诊断标准

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糖尿病天地(临床) 2008年第1期2卷 30-32页

作者： Jonathan e.shaw 梁凯勇谭愈昱 International Diabetes Institute

在1979年至1980年间,全国糖尿病数据工作组和世界卫生组织(WHO)正式定义了一个界于正常和糖尿病之间的糖耐量状态,即餐后2小时血糖升高伴空腹血糖正常,并将之命名为糖耐量受损(IGT)。诊断为IGT的人被认为将来患糖尿病和心血管疾病(CVD)... 详细信息

在1979年至1980年间,全国糖尿病数据工作组和世界卫生组织(WHO)正式定义了一个界于正常和糖尿病之间的糖耐量状态,即餐后2小时血糖升高伴空腹血糖正常,并将之命名为糖耐量受损(IGT)。诊断为IGT的人被认为将来患糖尿病和心血管疾病(CVD)的风险增加。

关键词：糖尿病定义 IGT FPG 代谢病空腹血糖受损 IFG 诊断标准美国美利坚合众国北美洲

来源：博看期刊

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作为气候调节机的气溶胶是气候与生物圈的联系纽带吗?

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力学进展 1988年第2期 290-291页

作者： Glenn e.shaw,李家春 ,郭洪泊美国阿拉斯加州Alaska-Fairbanks大学地球物理研究所和物理系

在大气中,大小约在十分之几微米的粒子值得注意。首先,它们较难除去,因此长时间悬浮着。其次,它们强烈地同阳光相互作用,因此,亚微米气溶胶集体系统构成一个十分敏感的气候调节机。在这方面,注意如下事实是有意义的:生物产生的硫酸盐气... 详细信息

在大气中,大小约在十分之几微米的粒子值得注意。首先,它们较难除去,因此长时间悬浮着。其次,它们强烈地同阳光相互作用,因此,亚微米气溶胶集体系统构成一个十分敏感的气候调节机。在这方面,注意如下事实是有意义的:生物产生的硫酸盐气溶胶的现有数量,几乎等于使大气不透光所需要的数量。这可能意味着,含硫气溶胶对气候起着某种作用。

关键词：气溶胶含硫硫酸盐大气微粒分散体系硫化合物亚微米粒子气候调节

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Immune cell interplay in colorectal cancer prognosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第10期7卷 221-232页

作者： Samuel e Norton Kirsten A Ward-Hartstonge edward S taylor Roslyn A Kemp Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago

The immune response to colorectal cancer has proven to be a reliable measure of patient outcome in several studies. However, the complexity of the immune response in this disease is not well understood, par-ticularly the interactions between tumour-associated cells and cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. This review will discuss the relationship betweencancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, as well as between macrophages and T cells, and demonstrate how each population may support or prevent tumour growth in a different immune environment.

关键词： Colorectal cancer neoplasms Fibroblasts Immune sys

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