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Towards a standard diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Impact of dietary fat source

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4904-4920页

作者： Michelle L Boland Denise Oro Kirstine s T■lb■l sebastian T Thrane Jens Christian Nielsen taylor s cohen David E Tabor Fiona Fernandes Andrey Tovchigrechko sanne s Veidal Paul Warrener Bret R sellman Jacob Jelsing Michael Feigh Niels Vrang James L Trevaskis Henrik H Hansen Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic DiseasesMedImmuneGaithersburgMD 20878United States Pharmacology GubraH■rsholm DK-2970Denmark

BACKGROUND The trans-fat containing AMLN(amylin liver non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NAsH)diet has been extensively validated in C57BL/6J mice with or without the Lep^ob/Lep^ob(ob/ob)mutation in the leptin gene for reliably inducing metabolic and liver histopathological changes recapitulating hallmarks of *** to a recent ban on trans-fats as food additive,there is a marked need for developing a new diet capable of promoting a compatible level of disease in ob/ob and C57BL/6J *** To develop a biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NAsH based on an obesogenic diet with trans-fat substituted by saturated *** Male ob/ob mice were fed AMLN diet or a modified AMLN diet with trans-fat(Primex shortening)substituted by equivalent amounts of palm oil[Gubra amylin NAsH,(GAN)diet]for 8,12 and 16 wk.C57BL/6J mice were fed the same diets for 28 *** and GAN diets had similar caloric content(40%fat kcal),fructose(22%)and cholesterol(2%)*** The GAN diet was more obesogenic compared to the AMLN diet and impaired glucose ***-confirmed steatosis,lobular inflammation,hepatocyte ballooning,fibrotic liver lesions and hepatic transcriptome changes were similar in ob/ob mice fed the GAN or AMLN diet.C57BL/6J mice developed a mild to moderate fibrotic NAsH phenotype when fed the same *** substitution of Primex with palm oil promotes a similar phenotype of biopsyconfirmed NAsH in ob/ob and C57BL/6J mice,making GAN diet-induced obese mouse models suitable for characterizing novel NAsH treatments.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis High-fat diet Mouse model Histopathology Fibrosis Liver biopsy Liver transcriptome

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social system Historical Modeling of Western Economies and its Implications for Eastern Economies

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and social sciences 2023年第3期16卷 259-292页

作者： s.I.cohen Erasmus school of Economics Erasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands

The two purposes of the research are(a)to develop an analytical model that views the economy/polity as a social system with interactive subsystems of actors:households,firms,government,political parties and other significant actors,and(b)apply the analytical model to construct and verify a timeline that figures major events in world development that shaped the evolution of the western economies,and the relative strength of their interacting *** timeline highlights the changing and evolving dominance of the major subsystems in the economic history of the western *** differ from the convention of looking at history as the occurrence of exogenous consequential events and offer instead a system dynamics analysis that makes historical events endogenous and to be affected by the powerplay within the *** current dominance of the firm subsystem in western countries is demonstrated to be the accumulated result of centuries of past events:wars,discoveries,colonies,trade,political enlightenments,and industrial revolutions that strengthened participation and interactions in the firm subsystem at the cost of weakened dominance of rival subsystems(those of traditional households,theocrats,manors,communes,royals,and the modern state subsystem).The behavioral orientation of a social system is explainable in terms of(a)interactive influence(which occurs during the participation and interaction of agents in multiple settings,with some settings having more interactive influence than others),and(b)regulative influence(where the conduct of the one subsystem overrules that of other subsystems).Western economic history suggests a positive conditional correlation and convergence between(a)and(b).Being conditional,the convergence between(a)and(b)may not hold in other world contexts,i.e.,China,India,Arab and African countries.

关键词： social systems Economic history World economies Revolutions(industrial political) Dominance(business state)

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space Deformations,surface Deformations and the Opportunities In-Between

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2009年第1期24卷 2-5页

作者： Daniel cohen-Or school of Computer science Tel-Aviv UniversityIsrael

In recent years we have witnessed a large interest in surface deformation techniques. This has been a reaction that can be attributed to the ability to develop techniques which are detail-preserving. space deformation techniques, on the other hand, received less attention, but nevertheless they have many advantages over surface-based techniques. This paper explores the potential of these two approaches to deformation and discusses the opportunities that the fusion of the two may lead to.

关键词： space deformation mesh editing digital surfaces

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World Governance and Leadership Designs for the Future

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and social sciences 2017年第3期10卷 355-380页

作者： s. I. cohen Erasmus school of Economics Rotterdam Netherlands

An expanding globalization causes global failures, similar to economy failures encountered in the national economic system. Global failures take other forms and are likely to be more severe in the future because of the entry in the world scene of leading countries that have distinctly different economic systems （for instance, China, India） from leading incumbents （Us, EU）, and because the new competition （country cum system） is likely to be perceived by newcomers and incumbents as a zero sum game. It is crucial in such circumstances to have a design of world governance that can respond adequately to global failures. The G-20 is one such design, but this is handicapped by its narrow scope （i.e. GDP） and undemocratic composition （selection of individual countries and not regional representation, next to being inconsistent and out of date）. The paper formulates and applies an index of influence potential that combines population and GDP, and which is measurable at the region and country levels. The paper projects these applications for the near future, comes up with more representative participations by regions/countries in world governance and explores effects of the changing distribution of influence potential on global development and economic systems.

关键词： World governance Country dominance Regional power Economic growth Population size

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Hippocampal stem cells:so they are multipotent!

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2011年第5期3卷 270-272页

作者： Verdon taylor Centre for stem Cell Biology Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffield S102TNUK Department of Molecular Embryology Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsStubeweg 51Freiburg D-79108Germany

Although neurogenesis continues throughout life in the mammalian brain,the issue of whether the stem cells that drive the process in vivo are self-renewing and multipotent remains *** a recent landmark paper by Bonaguidi et al.(2011)published in Cell,the authors provide clonal evidence that neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus are indeed multipotent and undergo symmetric cell divisions.

关键词： al. potent stem

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NON sPURIOUs sPECTRAL-LIKE ELEMENT METHODs FOR MAXWELL's EQUATIONs

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2007年第3期25卷 282-304页

作者： Gary cohen Marc Duruflé INRIA Domaine de VoluceauRocquencourt-BP 10578153 Le Chesnay CedexFrance

In this paper, we give the state of the art for the so called “mixed spectral elements” for Maxwell＇s equations. several families of elements, such as edge elements and discon-tinuous Galerkin methods （DGM） are presented and discussed. In particular, we show the need of introducing some numerical dissipation terms to avoid spurious modes in these methods. such terms are classical for DGM but their use for edge element methods is novel approach described in this paper. Finally, numerical experiments show the fast and low-cost character of these elements.

关键词： Maxwell's equations Discontinuous Galerkin methods Edge elements Masslumping.

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Motion of charged particles in bright squeezed vacuum

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 347-353页

作者： Matan Even Tzur Oren cohen solid state Institute and Physics Department Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel

The motion of laser-driven electrons quivers with an average energy termed pondermotive *** explore electron dynamics driven by bright squeezed vacuum(BsV),finding that BsV induces width oscillations,akin to electron quivering in laser light,with an equivalent ponderomotive *** identify closed and open trajectories of the electronic width that are associated with high harmonic generation and above-threshold ionization,respectively,similarly to trajectories of the electron position when its motion is driven by coherent *** the case of bound electrons,the width oscillations may lead to ionization with noisy sub-cycle *** results are foundational for strong-field and free-electron quantum optics,as they shed light on ionization,high harmonic generation,and nonlinear Compton scattering in BsV.

关键词： structure vacuum ionization

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Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1336-1341页

作者： taylor shauna M school of Environmental science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Bacterium Providencia rettgeri YL was found to exhibit an unusual ability to heterotrophically nitrify and aerobically denitrify various concentrations of ammonium （NH4^＋-N）. In order to further understand its removal ability, several experiments were conducted to identify the growth and ammonium removal response at different carbon to nitrogen （C/N） mass ratios, shaking speeds, temperatures, ammonium concentrations and to qualitatively verify the production of nitrogen gas using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed that under optimum conditions （C/N 10, 30℃, 120 r/min）, YL can significantly remove low and high concentrations of ammonium within 12 to 48 h of growth, respectively. The nitrification products hydroxylamine （NHzOH）, nitrite （NO2^-） and nitrate （NO3^-） as well as the denitrification product, nitrogen gas （N2）, were detected under completely aerobic conditions.

关键词： Providencia rettgeri YL heterotrophic ammonium removal aerobic denitrification

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Hepatitis B Management in the Pregnant Patient: An Update

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2016年第3期4卷 241-247页

作者： Walid s.Ayoub Erica cohen Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Comprehensive Transplant Center Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles CA USA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA

Chronic hepatitis B is a worldwide disease,with significant burden on health care *** universal vaccination programs have led to an overall decrease in incidence of transmission of hepatitis B,unfortunately,there remain large areas in the world where vaccination against hepatitis B is not *** addition,vertical transmission of hepatitis B persists as a major *** B treatment of the pregnant patient requires a thorough assessment of disease activity and close monitoring for flares,regardless of initiation of antiviral *** discuss,in this article,the current and emergent strategies which aim to reduce the rate of transmission of hepatitis B from the pregnant mother to the infant and we review the updated guidelines regarding management of liver disease in pregnant women with hepatitis B.

关键词： Hepatitis B Pregnancy Liver Vertical Transmission

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The Moon

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第1期35卷 1-13页

作者： ross taylor australian national university CanberraAustralia

Recent geochemical and geophysical data from the Moon enable a revision of earlier interpretations regarding lunar origin, structure and bulk composition. Earth and Moon show many similarities among their isotopic compositions, but they have evolved in totally dissimilar ways, probably related to the deficiency of water and volatile elements in the Moon as well as the vast differences in size and internal pressure. some global geochemical differences from the Earth such as volatile depletion based on K/U ratios have been established. However, all current lunar samples come from differentiated regions, making the establishment of a bulk composition more reliant on bulk geophysical properties or isotopic similarities; it remains unclear how the latter arose or relate to whole Moon composition. The lack of fractionation effects among the refractory and super-refractory elements indicates that the proto-lunar material seems unlikely to have been vaporized while the presence of volatile elements may place lower limits on proto-lunar temperatures. The apparent lack of geochemical evidence of an impacting body enables other possible impactors, such as comets, to be considered. Although the origin of the Moon remains currently unknown, it is generally believed that the Moon originated as the result of a giant impact on the Earth.

关键词： Lunar origin Grand tack model Apollo Volatite elements

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