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Total organic halogen(TOX) in human urine: A halogen-specific method for human exposure studies

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 285-295页

作者： Susana Y.Kimura Weiwei Zheng taylor n.hipp Joshua M.Allen Susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety Ministry of Education Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health Fudan University

Disinfection by-products（DBPs） are a complex mixture of compounds unintentionally formed as a result of disinfection processes used to treat drinking water. Effects of long-term exposure to DBPs are mostly unknown and were the subject of recent epidemiological studies. However,most bioanalytical methods focus on a select few DBPs. In this study, a new comprehensive bioanalytical method has been developed that can quantify mixtures of organic halogenated compounds, including DBPs, in human urine as total organic chlorine（TOCl）, total organic bromine（TOBr）, and total organic iodine（TOI）. The optimized method consists of urine dilution, adsorption to activated carbon, pyrolysis of activated carbon, absorption of gases in an aqueous solution, and halide analysis with ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Spike recoveries for TOCl, TOBr, and TOI measurements ranged between 78% and 99%. Average TOCl, TOBr, and TOI concentrations in five urine samples from volunteers who consumed tap water were 1850, 82, and 21.0 μg/L as X^-, respectively.Volunteers who consumed spring water（control） had TOCl, TOBr, and TOI average concentrations in urine of 1090, 88, and 10.3 μg/L as X^-, respectively. TOCl and TOI in the urine samples from tap water consumers were higher than the control. However, TOBr was slightly lower in tap water urine samples compared to mineral water urine samples, indicating other sources of environmental exposure other than drinking water. A larger sample population that consumes tap water from different cities and mineral water is needed to determine TOCl, TOBr, and TOI exposure from drinking water.

关键词： Adsorbable organic halogen（AOX） Total organic halogen（TOX） Disinfection by-products（DBPs） Total organic chlorine（TOCl） Total organic bromine（TOBr） Total organic iodine（TOI） Urine Drinking water

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In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jen? Gubicza Kristián Máthis Péter nagy Péter Jenei Zoltán Heged?s Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura Department of Materials Physics Faculty of Science E?tv?s Loránd University Department of Physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation（RSRC） technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application potential. This material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers（CALs） and nanoplates（CAnaPs）, or complete long period stacking ordered（LPSO） phase. In order to reveal the deformation mechanisms, in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9% Zn-2.05% Y-0.15%Al（at%） alloy. For uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance, additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400 ℃ for 2 h. The heat treatment at 300 ℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure, its evolution during tension and, thus, the overall deformation behavior under tensile loading. On the other hand,annealing at 400 ℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density, leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical strength. The maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20 × 1014m-2. The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basaland pyramidaltypes, what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation maps. It was also shown that the dislocation-induced taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value, which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CAnaPs/LPSO plates.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase Cluster arranged nanoplates (CAnaPs) Annealing Tension Dislocation density Hardening

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Continuous flow synthesis of plasmonic gold patches and nearly-complete nanoshells on polystyrene core particles

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Particuology 2023年第4期75卷 137-150页

作者： Thomas Meincke Robin n.Klupp taylor Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstrasse 491058ErlangenGermany Collaborative Research Center 1411-Design of Particulate Products Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-nürnberg Cauerstrasse 391058 Erlangen Germany

We describe the development of a T-mixer based continuous flow process for the coating of 86-500 nm diameter spherical polystyrene particles with thin gold patches by heterogeneous nucleation and growth.After establishing a suitable flow rate for good mixing and sufficiently uniform product morphology we systematically investigate the main reaction parameters.This reveals a considerable tunability of the patch morphology and,by virtue of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold,the optical properties of the product dispersions.In order to further widen the range of nanostructures accessible by our process,a second T-mixer was added.This introduced new gold precursor,leading to further growth of the patches that were formed after the first mixer.By this approach,nearly-complete gold nanoshells could be produced in high yield on both small and large core particles,without the unwanted production of free-standing gold nanoparticles.Due to the pronounced optical properties of nearly-complete gold nanoshells on small core particles,we could estimate from electrodynamic sim-ulations the equivalent shell thickness to be as low as 8.6 nm.This is significantly thinner than can be routinely achieved using the standard seeded growth approach to synthesise gold nanoshells.Our results are therefore highly promising for the gram-scale synthesis of plasmon resonant nanostructures with designed optical properties.

关键词： Continuous flow Core-shell particles Patchy particles nucleation Diffusion limited growth

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Patterns of sperm use by twice-mated female Queensland fruit flies

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1159-1169页

作者： Jason Shadmany Siu F.Lee Thu n.M.nguyen Phillip W.taylor Applied BioSciences Macquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSWAustralia CSIRO Land and Water Black MountainACTAustralia School of BioSciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

Multiple mating by females,polyandry,is common in insects,including in tephritid fruit flies.Female insects that remate commonly store sperm of multiple males.How the sperm of different males contribute to paternity is an important element of sexual selection.Sexual behavior and reproduction of the Queensland fruit fly(Qfly),Bactrocera tryoni,has been extensively investigated both in relation to understanding this economically important species’reproductive biology and in relation to implications for Sterile Insect Technique(SIT),whereby sterile flies are released to constrain reproduction of pest populations.Despite numerous studies of pre-and postcopulatory sexual selection in Qfly,there have been no direct studies of paternity patterns in polyandrous female Qflies.We used two morphologically distinguishable lines to investigate patterns of sperm use in Qfly.The two lines showed comparable mating performance evidenced by similar mating and remating frequency,copula duration,and proportion of second mate paternity(P2)between reciprocal crosses.The mechanism of sperm usage,with P2 close to 0.5 immediately after the second mating followed by gradual decrease of P2 as females aged,is most consistent with stratification or repositioning of sperm.Patterns observed in the present study are compared with the available information from other tephritid fruit flies,and are discussed in relation to this species’reproductive biology,known patterns of sperm storage,and SIT.

关键词： muliple mating polyandry sperm competition sperm pecedence Tephritidac

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Individual differences in boldness positively correlate with heart rate in orb-weaving spiders of genus Larinioides

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 387-391页

作者： taylor A. SHEARER Jonathan n. PRUIT Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of studies devoted to consistent individual differences in behavior, termed "behavioral syndromes" or animal "personality". In particular, ecologists and evolutionary biologists alike seek to explore the functional consequences of individuals' personalities and explanations for their general maintenance. Understanding the mechanistic underpinnings to personality is arguably key to a deeper understanding of their functional consequences and maintenance. In particular, consistent individual differences in metabolic rate have been proposed as a general explanation for the maintenance of consistent individual differences in boldness, aggressiveness, and activity level. In this paper we explore whether consistent individual differences in boldness are associated with heat rate, a proxy for metabolic rate, in two species of orb-weaving spider: Larinioides cornutus and L. patagiatus. We first documented consistent individual differences in boldness in L. cornutus but not L. patagiatus, as estimated by individuals' latency to resume movement following an aversive stimulus. We also measured individuals' heart rate twice in a separate situation. We then tested for an association between individuals' boldness and their heart rate during these two events. We found that increased boldness was associated with increased heart. Thus, individuals that resumed movement quickly following an aversive stimulus also exhibited faster heart rates. Our studies provide further evidence that consistent individual differences in key physiological attributes, like metabolic rate, might be a general mechanism underlying consistent individual differences in behavior.

关键词：个体差异心脏关联蜘蛛肥宝织网代谢率解释功能

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Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1336-1341页

作者： taylor Shauna M School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Bacterium Providencia rettgeri YL was found to exhibit an unusual ability to heterotrophically nitrify and aerobically denitrify various concentrations of ammonium （nH4^＋-n）. In order to further understand its removal ability, several experiments were conducted to identify the growth and ammonium removal response at different carbon to nitrogen （C/n） mass ratios, shaking speeds, temperatures, ammonium concentrations and to qualitatively verify the production of nitrogen gas using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed that under optimum conditions （C/n 10, 30℃, 120 r/min）, YL can significantly remove low and high concentrations of ammonium within 12 to 48 h of growth, respectively. The nitrification products hydroxylamine （nHzOH）, nitrite （nO2^-） and nitrate （nO3^-） as well as the denitrification product, nitrogen gas （n2）, were detected under completely aerobic conditions.

关键词： Providencia rettgeri YL heterotrophic ammonium removal aerobic denitrification

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Improving detection of cerebral small vessel disease aetiology in patients with isolated lobar intracerebral haemorrhage

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Stroke & Vascular neurology 2023年第1期8卷 26-33页

作者： Alvin S Das Elif Gokcal Robert W Regenhardt Mitchell J Horn Kristin Schwab nader Daoud Anand Viswanathan W taylor Kimberly Joshua n Goldstein Alessandro Biffi natalia Rost Jonathan Rosand Lee H Schwamm Steven M Greenberg M Edip Gurol Department of neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of neurology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of neurosurgery Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background and purpose We evaluate whether non-haemorrhagic imaging markers(nHIM)(white matter hyperintensity patterns,lacunes and enlarged perivascular spaces(EPVS))can discriminate cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA)from hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease(HTn-cSVD)among patients with isolated lobar intracerebral haemorrhage(isolated-LICH).Methods In patients with isolated-LICH,four cSVD aetiologic groups were created by incorporating the presence/distribution of nHIM:HTn-cSVD pattern,CAA pattern,mixed nHIM and no nHIM.CAA pattern consisted of patients with any combination of severe centrum semiovale EPVS,lobar lacunes or multiple subcortical spots pattern.HTn-cSVD pattern consisted of any HTn-cSVD markers:severe basal ganglia PVS,deep lacunes or peribasal ganglia white matter hyperintensity pattern.Mixed nHIM consisted of at least one imaging marker from either pattern.Our hypothesis was that patients with HTn-cSVD pattern/mixed nHIM would have a higher frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),which is associated with HTn-cSVD.Results In 261 patients with isolated-LICH,CAA pattern was diagnosed in 93 patients,HTn-cSVD pattern in 53 patients,mixed nHIM in 19 patients and no nHIM in 96 patients.The frequency of LVH was similar among those with HTn-cSVD pattern and mixed nHIM(50%vs 39%,p=0.418)but was more frequent in HTn-cSVD pattern compared with CAA pattern(50%vs 20%,pn a regression model,HTn-cSVD pattern(OR:7.38;95%CI 2.84 to 19.20)and mixed nHIM(OR:4.45;95%CI 1.25 to 15.90)were found to be independently associated with LVH.Conclusion Among patients with isolated-LICH,nHIM may help differentiate HTn-cSVD from CAA,using LVH as a marker for HTn-cSVD.

关键词： patients cerebral hypertensive

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Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDnA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand narayanan Eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.Schmidt nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox Christopher Chin Deena najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.taylor Julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus Christopher E.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic approach.Despite advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation exposure.Methods To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DnA extraction.Telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDnA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational burden.Result Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to Earth.Cell-free DnA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures post-flight.no significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was observed.The long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months post-flight.Conclusion Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to Earth.CHIP sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career astronauts.This study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

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Brain-targeting,acid-responsive antioxidant nanoparticles for stroke treatment and drug delivery

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第10期7卷 57-65页

作者： Shenqi Zhang Bin Peng Zeming Chen Jiang Yu Gang Deng Youmei Bao Chao Ma Fengyi Du Wendy C.Sheu W.taylor Kimberly J.Marc Simard Daniel Coman Qianxue Chen Fahmeed Hyder Jiangbing Zhou Kevin n.Sheth Department of neurosurgery USA Department of Biomedical Engineering USA Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging USA Department of neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT06510USA Department of neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430060China Department of neurology Division of Neurocritical CareMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA Department of neurosurgery University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability.Currently,there is no effective pharmacological treatment for this disease,which can be partially attributed to the inability to efficiently deliver therapeutics to the brain.Here we report the development of natural compound-derived nanoparticles(nPs),which function both as a potent therapeutic agent for stroke treatment and as an efficient carrier for drug delivery to the ischemic brain.First,we screened a collection of natural nanomaterials and identified betulinic acid(BA)as one of the most potent antioxidants for stroke treatment.next,we engineered BA nPs for preferential drug release in acidic ischemic tissue through chemically converting BA to betulinic amine(BAM)and for targeted drug delivery through surface conjugation of AMD3100,a CXCR4 antagonist.The resulting AMD3100-conjugated BAM nPs,or A-BAM nPs,were then assessed as a therapeutic agent for stroke treatment and as a carrier for delivery of nA1,a neuroprotective peptide.We show that intravenous administration of A-BAM nPs effectively improved recovery from stroke and its efficacy was further enhanced when nA1 was encapsulated.Due to their multifunctionality and significant efficacy,we anticipate that A-BAM nPs have the potential to be translated both as a therapeutic agent and as a drug carrier to improve the treatment of stroke.

关键词： Drug delivery Acid-triggered release Antioxidant nanoparticles nA1 Ischemic stroke

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Cuticular bacteria appear detrimental to social spiders in mixed but not monoculture exposure

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 377-384页

作者： Carl n. KEISER taylor A. SHEARER lexander E. DEMARCO Hayley A. BRITTInGHAM Karen A. KnUTSOn Candice Kuo Katherine ZHAO Jonathan n. PRUITT Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Much of an animal's health status, life history, and behavior are dictated by interactions with its endogenous and exogenous bacterial communities. Unfortunately, interactions between hosts and members of their resident bacterial community are often ignored in animal behavior and behavioral ecology. Here, we aim to identify the nature of host-microbe interactions in a nonmodel organism, the African social spider . We collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of spiders and then exposed spiders to bacterial monocultures cultures via topical application or injection. We also topically inoculated spiders with a concomitant "cocktail" of bacteria and measured the behavior of spiders daily for 24 days after inoculation. Lastly, we collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of prey items in the capture webs of spiders, and then fed spiders domestic crickets which had been injected with these bacteria. We also injected 1 species of prey-borne bacteria into the hemolymph of spiders. Only caused increased mortality when injected into the hemolymph of spiders, whereas no bacterial monocultures caused increased mortality when applied topically, relative to control solutions. However, a bacterial cocktail of cuticular bacteria caused weight loss and mortality when applied topically, yet did not detectibly alter spider behavior. Consuming prey injected with prey-borne bacteria was associated with an elongated lifespan in spiders. Thus, indirect evidence from multiple experiments suggests that the effects of these bacteria on spider survivorship appear contingent on their mode of colonization and whether they are applied in monoculture or within a mixed cocktail. We urge that follow-up studies should test these host-microbe interactions across different social contexts to determine the role that microbes play in colony performance.

关键词： cuticular bacteria Stegodyphus dumicola sickness behavior social spider

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