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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 91-106页

作者： Albert m. E. coleman Centre for Bioethics Medical Law and Patient Advocacy Sekondi Ghana

Alzheim.r’s disease (AD) and associated dem.ntia patient num.ers continue to increase globally with associated econom.c costs to healthcare system.. Of note is the increase in num.ers in lower and m.ddle-incom. countries (Lm.Cs) including Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, which already face challenges with their health budgets from.com.unicable and non-com.unicable diseases. Ghana, an SSA country, faces the problem.of healthcare budgetary difficulties and the additional im.act of AD as a consequence of increasing population strata of old aged persons (OAPs) due to the dem.graphic transition effect. This article uses exam.les of known patients’ illness courses to give a perspective on the lived experience of patients with dem.ntia (PWD) in Ghana, living am.ngst a populace with a culture of stigm.tization of PWD, and a relatively fragile public m.ntal health system.(Pm.S) for those with m.ntal illness, including AD. The lived experience of AD patients is characterised by stigm.tisation, discrim.nation, non-inclusiveness, dim.nished dignity and hum.n rights abuses in the face of their m.ntal disability, and eventually death. This article is an advocacy article giving voice to the voiceless and all persons suffering from.AD and other dem.ntias in Ghana, whilst pleading for a call to action from.healthcare professionals and responsible state agencies.

关键词： Alzheim.r’s Dem.ntia Patients Ghana Stigm.tization Discrim.nation Hum.n Rights Dignity

Disparities across the CREOG Districts —Variations of Wellness and Inclusivity Efforts in Obstetrics & Gynecology Residency Websites between Two Consecutive Years

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第1期12卷 14-22页

作者： taylor Gatson m.rk Alvarez m.lik m.ys Rachel coleman Dani Zoorob School of m.dicine Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center Shreveport USA Departm.nt of Obstetrics and Gynecology Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center Shreveport USA College of m.dicine and Life Sciences University of Toledo Toledo USA

Background: Few studies have focused on the geographic and chronologic assessm.nt of inclusivity and wellness in Obstetrics and Gynecology residency websites across the US. Objective: To identify variations in wellness and inclusivity website depictions across CREOG districts over the past two years. m.thods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the websites of ACGm.-accredited OB/GYN residency program. across the United States between April 2022 and April 2023. The assessm.nt was based on a com.ilation of 22 attributes devised and piloted by 49 m.dical students. A racially, geographically, and gender-diverse cohort of 11 students perform.d data collection. Results: A total of 560 websites were analyzed over two years. Wellness efforts rem.ined unchanged in both years (website content, dedicated support personnel, and group activities). In 2023, a reduction in referencing of wellness (22%) and inclusivity (30%) occurred in leadership m.ssaging. However, a 7% increase in the use of inclusive pronouns was noted. A reduction in gender diversity was identified (9% in faculty, 5% in residents), with program. favoring fem.le-only team.. Sim.larly, a 7% reduction in the num.er of underrepresented in m.dicine faculty and residents was noted. A 15% reduction was noted in curricula referencing inclusivity in their m.ssion statem.nt and inclusivity focused research. Conclusions: This study suggests the variations across websites relative to inclusivity and wellness over the past two years. Updated websites m.y provide an accurate reflection of the offerings of program. and their investm.nt in wellness and inclusivity across the nation.

关键词： Diversity Gynecology Inclusion Obstetrics Residency

Latent Profiles of Social m.dia Users, STI Knowledge, and Condom.Use am.ng African Am.rican Young Adults

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Social Networking 2020年第1期9卷 1-10页

作者： Chakem. Carm.ck Lycinda Rodriguez taylor m. coleman m.gan Heath Tiffany Ewere Psychological Health & Learning Sciences Departm.nt University of Houston Houston TX USA

The abundance of social networking platform. has increased the frequency and the availability for which individuals com.unicate with one another. The feasibility and accessibility to go online to find sexual partners pose opportunity for contracting sexually transm.tted infections (STI) in the absence of safe sexual practices. Low condom.use has been reported am.ng young adults who seek sexual partners online. African Am.rican young adults have som. of the highest rates of infection for certain STIs. In order to m.tigate the incidence and prevalence of STIs in at-risk populations, sexually active young adults m.st use condom. consistently and correctly during sexual activities. The present study sought to uncover the heterogeneity within African Am.rican young adults regarding their online networking utilization, STI knowledge, and sexual risk behavior. African Am.rican young adults (N = 236), ages 18 - 23, com.leted private online survey adm.nistration. Using latent class analysis, three classes were identified: Social Network Com.unicators (43%;N = 101), Social Networking Daters (36%;N = 83), and m.dia Sharers (21%;N = 52). Social Networking Daters exhibited the highest probability of using online dating sites daily, low STI knowledge, and a zero probability of consistent condom.use. All three groups exhibited relatively low STI knowledge. Furtherm.re, having a history of STI increased the likelihood of being classified into the Social Networking Daters class relative to the other classes. Findings highlight the need to capitalize upon online platform. for African Am.rican young adults who utilize online dating sites and other online environm.nts.

关键词： Social Networking Condom Use Online Dating Sexual Behavior Latent Class Analysis

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal gradients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.taylor Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham.R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.ges can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extrem. aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain m.rphology of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and Gerbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from.other species in the sam. *** observed greater“packing”of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.high and low elevations com.ared to the high-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium.associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica Rodentia sensory evolution

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra taylor L.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick Jae Sung Lee William.L.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a m.jor aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord injury. Although m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord injury, there rem.in m.jor discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels, and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion, m.derate contusion, severe contusion, or com.lete transection, 7 m. of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying tim.s post-injury, and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex assay. Results dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-injury, while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt, increased m.re than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a m.ld injury, 11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord injury

RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic m.turation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred m.Whitlock Zachary m.chel Kristen Pan Jocelyn taylor Vivian Szym.zuk Brendan Boyce Daniel m.rtin Vardit Kram.Rebeca Galisteo Kam.an m.likov Leonid V.Chernom.rdik m.chael T.Collins Alison m.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and m.neral Hom.ostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on m.m.rane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA m.tabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Departm.nt of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Departm.nt of Pathology and Laboratory m.dicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genom.cs and Com.utational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatm.nt *** this study,we investigated the m.chanism. underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating hum.n FD tissue pre-and post-treatm.nt in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosum.b(NCT03571191)and in m.rine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of hum.n and m.use tissue dem.nstrated increased osteogenic m.turation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of hum.n and m.use tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and m.tant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion m.del,which indicated that the proliferation of abnorm.l FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from.this study dem.nstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosum.b reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic m.turation,leading to increased bone form.tion within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and dem.nstrate a novel m.chanism.of action of denosum.b in the treatm.nt of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatm.nt finding

Phytic acid-derivative Co_(2)B-CoPO_x coralloidal structure with delicate boron vacancy for enhanced hydrogen generation from.sodium.borohydride

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Chinese Chem.cal Letters 2024年第4期35卷 525-531页

作者： Luyan Shi Ke Zhu Yuting Yang Qinrui Liang Qim.n Peng Shuqing Zhou Tayirjan taylor Isim.an Xiulin Yang Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy m.terials School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation(SABIC)at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Application of transition m.tal boride(Tm.) catalysts towards hydrolysis of NaBH_(4) holds great significance to help relieve the energy crisis. Herein, we present a facile and versatile m.tal-organic fram.work(m.F) assisted strategy to prepare Co_(2)B-CoPO_x with m.ssive boron vacancies by introducing phytic acid(PA) cross-linked Co com.lexes that are acquired from.reaction of PA and ZIF-67 into cobalt boride. The PA etching effectively breaks down the structure of ZIF-67 to create m.re vacancies, favoring the m.xim.l exposure of active sites and elevation of catalytic activity. Experim.ntal results dem.nstrate a drastic electronic interaction between Co and the dopant phosphorous(P), thereby the robustly electronegative P induces electron redistribution around the m.tal species, which facilitates the dissociation of B-H bond and the adsorption of H_(2)O m.lecules. The vacancy-rich Co_(2)B-CoPO_x catalyst exhibits scalable perform.nce, characterized by a high hydrogen generation rate(HGR) of 7716.7 m.L m.n^(-1)g^(-1) and a low activation energy(Ea) of 44.9 k J/m.l, rivaling state-of-the-art catalysts. This work provides valuable insights for the developm.nt of advanced catalysts through P doping and boron vacancy engineering and the design of efficient and sustainable energy conversion system..

关键词： Co_(2)B-CoPO_x catalyst P doping Boron vacancy NaBH_(4) hydrolysis Hydrogen generation

Ground-based and additional science support for Sm.LE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter m.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.m.lan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck m.Connors T.Yeom.n X.Tan m.G.G.T.taylor K.m.William. J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham.A.Dim.ock m.P.Freem.n D.-S.Han m.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.Jam.s L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.m.nuel J.m.tzka I.m.Crea Y.m.yoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environm.nt Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environm.nt m.nitoring and Inform.tion Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Departm.nt of Space and Clim.te Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Cam.us University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasm. Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish m.teorological Institute(Fm.) Finland Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ Germ.n Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northum.ria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academ. of Sciences Solar wind m.gnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(Sm.LE)m.ssion will explore global dynam.cs of the m.gnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary m.gnetic field conditions,and sim.ltaneously m.nitor the auroral response of the Northern Hem.sphere *** these large-scale responses with m.dium.and fine-scale m.asurem.nts at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instrum.nts will enable a m.ch greater scientific im.act beyond the original goals of the Sm.LE ***,we describe current com.unity efforts to prepare for Sm.LE,and the benefits and context various experim.nts that have explicitly expressed support for Sm.LE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing m.ny different experim.nt types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online Sm.LE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special m.des for experim.nts such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and com.unity engagem.nt with the Sm.LE m.ssion,and we welcom. novel ideas and insights from.the solar-terrestrial com.unity.

关键词： m.gnetosphere ionosphere m.gnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experim.ntation Sm.LE conjunctions m.ssions

Treatm.nt and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endem.c areas is urgently needed

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kam.en Luis-Jorge Am.ral Am.er Haderm.nn Chiara Trevisan m.rk J.taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim.Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato Katja Polm.n m.ria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thom.on Lakwo Gasim.Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Departm.nt of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Departm.nt of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical m.dicine LiverpoolUK Departm.nt of Com.uter Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of m.dical m.crobiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany Germ.n Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Hum.nities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan m.C Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for m.dical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Hum.nity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Developm.nt MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidem.ological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim.of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recom.endations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 Septem.er, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium. participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem. particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis rem.ins hyperendem.c. Evidence from.prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elim.nation efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estim.te the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endem.c areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elim.nation program.es and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of iverm.ctin. The im.lem.ntation of a com.unity-based epilepsy treatm.nt program.e offering free anti-seizure m.dications (ASm.) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and im.roving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and m.ntal health program.es at com.unity, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASm. in onchocerciasis-endem.c areas. Furtherm.re, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis m.rbidity Burden of disease Prevention Iverm.ctin Epilepsy Nodding syndrom. Treatm.nt Children Policy

Habitat structure directly affects aggression in convict cichlids Archocentrus nigrofasciatus

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 52-56页

作者： Anthony J. BARLEY Ronald m. coleman Departm.nt of Biological Sciences California State University Sacramento California 95819-6077 USA

Aggressive behavior can be an im.ortant factor in determ.ning how anim.ls use and divide space and resources. Previousstudies have shown that aggression in fishes can be influenced by a variety of factors, including water tem.erature and resourcelevels. In this study, we tested if the am.unt of habitat structure in the environm.nt affected aggression levels in fem.leconvict cichlids Archocentrus nigrofasciatus. We perform.d a laboratory experim.nt in which we placed fem.le convict cichlidsinto an aquarium.with low or high am.unts of habitat structure and m.nitored the dom.nant fem.le's behavior toward the subordinatefem.le. Aggressive behavior in convict cichlids prim.rily consists of chases and bites. We found that the total tim. thedom.nant fem.le spent chasing the subordinate fem.le was greater when there was a low am.unt of habitat structure as com.aredto when there was a high am.unt of habitat structure. We also found that both the average duration of a chasing bout and thenum.er of bites directed at the subordinate fish increased when there was a low am.unt of structure, but the num.er of chases didnot. These results indicate that increased habitat structural com.lexity decreases aggressive behavior in convict

关键词：栖息地结构丽鱼定罪攻击行为人居平均时间实验室实验结构复杂性