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Essentials of Drip Irrigation System for Saving Water and Nutrients to Plant Roots: As a Guide for Growers

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第9期11卷 1129-1145页

作者： tawheed mohammed elheesin shareef Zhongming Ma Baowei Zhao Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Agriculture Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Khartoum State Sudan School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jaotong University Lanzhou China

Many regions around the world are characterized by limited water resources, where the average annual per capita renewable water is about 1000 -1700 cubic meters. For instance, in china the problems of water supply are widely known globally. Though, China is facing main problem which is how to distribute water, instead of water shortage in itself. Therefore, restricted resources of water are increasingly stressed in the future by many factors such as excessive clouds of water, pollution and climate change. On the other hand, most studies have been indicated that the agricultural sector is one of the sectors that will face a large water deficit in the future due to the high demand for food, competition for water resources, drought and the high consumption of water due to the acquisition of traditional surface irrigation techniques. In spite of introduce modern irrigation methods such as drip irrigation in agriculture by developing irrigation methods and eliminating old traditional irrigation methods, however, its efficiency is related to the qualifying of farms and users of irrigation water, where they are the main users of irrigation water in water resources management. The considerable challenge facing agriculture is to raise irrigation efficiency depending on water-saving irrigation systems to provide water resources for crops. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide farmers with important points about using drip irrigation technology, to raise their technical level in using irrigation water, through their guidance to the best techniques and to avoid some common mistakes in design, utilization, management and maintenance of drip irrigation system.

关键词： Drip Irrigation Irrigation Efficiency Water Saving Emitters Water Requirements

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An Arthrobacter strain isolated from desert soils in the region of Shule River (China) can convert cellulose to potential biofuels

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第2期9卷 167-174页

作者： Constantine Uwaremwe ShiWeng Li XiMing Chen Maurice Ngabire tawheed mohammed elheesin shareef Juan Li MingHui Wu GuoLi Li School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University 88 West Anning Road LanzhouGansu 730070 China Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China

In this study, an Arthrobacter strain from desert soils in the Shule River Valley was isolated, China, which has a strong ability to convert cellulose to potential biofuel. In total, from five soil sample sites, six strains were isolated that grew well on CMC-Agar medium, with colony diameters ranging from 3~4 mm, among them, one strain had a strong ability to produce biofuels. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, the isolate was identified as Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus strain SLP1. The chemical properties of the biofuel extracted from the fermentation broth of strain SLP1 were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A total of 41 kinds of carbon compounds were identified, of those,five were detected at peak concentration and the carbon numbers ranged from C16–C22, which can be classified as alkanes,alkenes, and alcohols. Furthermore, biofuel-producing ability of strain SLP1 was enhanced using NTG mutagen. In a total of 94 mutant strains, four show the most enhanced biofuel production relative to the original strain. Biofuel production conditions were optimized by growing the four mutant strains on LB-Agar and SS-Agar medium.

关键词： Arthrobacter cellulose biofuels mutagenesis

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Investigation of the Relationship among Water and Crop Production under Bounded Irrigation Conditions

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2021年第1期10卷 18-35页

作者： tawheed mohammed elheesin shareef Zhongming Ma Juan Chen Xiaoxia Niu Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Agriculture Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Institute of Economic Crops and Beer Materials Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou China

Water scarcity is relative and variable concept that can occur at any level of supply and demand. It is also a social construct, which is linked to the intervention in the water cycle and changes over time as a result of natural hydrological change. It is more severe when water acts as a backbone in economic policies, planning and management methods. Water scarcity can be expected to increase with most forms of economic development, but, if properly identified, many of its causes can be expected and avoided or mitigated. However, the limited irrigation management is considered a very important issue in the agricultural scope. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between water, crop production, photosynthesis, crop transpiration, crop growth, crop yields and water use efficiency have been discussed under limited irrigation conditions. However, the crops have some ability to adapt and resist against limited irrigation. Hence, under high temperate conditions, this is a shortage of water and photosynthesis is decreased with a pore (stoma) restraining. At the same time, the evapotranspiration reaches to the utmost value and the water use efficiency rises because of optimal monitoring of leaf pore (stoma). Therefore, the modality which is the reduction of the risks and improving industrial control in incomplete irrigation are the chief constraints of providing irrigation water in the future, which leads to increased crop production and ultimately providing a provision of food se

关键词： Freshwater Consumption Insufficient Irrigation Water Use Efficiency Yield Formation

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The Role of Agricultural Extension in Decentralizing the Sensitivity of Vegetable Farmers to the Risk of Residual Pesticide Effects

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 722-729页

作者： Aiman Hamad Eltyeb Elshifa Ali Mergani Omeima Bashir Khalid tawheed mohammed elheesin shareef Khalid Ahmed Abbakar Department of Economic Agricultural and Rural Development Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development College of Agricultural Studies Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum North Sudan Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Agriculture Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Department of Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Education University of Gadarif Gadarif Sudan College of Mathematics and Statistics Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China

This study was carried out in the northern Khartoum (Bahry Locality) with the aim of knowing the role of agricultural extension in developing the awareness of the farmer to the danger of residual effect of pesticides (vegetable farmers). The social survey method was used to conduct this study;100 vegetable farmers were selected randomly. The data collected through questionnaires, observation, and interviews for primary data, previously concerned, and reference documents were used to collect secondary data. Data collected were analyzed using the statistical packages for social science (SPSS). The study yielded some useful results, the most important of which are: the presence of respondents who obtain their information about pesticides from merchants, the absence of a guide provider in their area, and the absence of any seminars or lectures on the use of pesticides, or programs. For example, radio and television programs were presented but protective clothing was not used. This study is based on the researcher's advocate for the following: intensifying agricultural extension and employee visits to the agricultural field, in addition to intensifying educational evidence for consumers regarding pesticides and providing preliminary data on pesticides and how to deal with them and increase them. Educate farmers about the safe use of pesticides and identify the risks and damages that pesticides cause to humans.

关键词： Agricultural Sector Pesticides Vegetables Awareness

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Review Paper: The Fundamentals of Biochar as a Soil Amendment Tool and Management in Agriculture Scope: An Overview for Farmers and Gardeners

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2017年第1期6卷 38-61页

作者： tawheed mohammed Elhessin shareef Baowei Zhao School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou China Department of Agriculture Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan

Improving the soil and biomass with coal is estimated at the international level as a way to enhance soil productiveness, fertility and also to mitigate climate change. Biochar employed to improve land scope and impound carbon, is attracting a great deal of attention. Its characteristics of chemical, physical and biological properties, containing big surface area, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), high water-holding capacity, size of pore, volume, distribution, and element composition, affect its recognized influences, particularly on microbial communities. These are discovered in the agriculture lands, lands remediation and composting. However, incomplete information existed about biochar for several farmers or peasants in agriculture scope. Therefore, farmers or peasants and gardeners are facing new opportunities and defiance each day, from feeding global extending and expanding population, whilst meeting severe new emissions requirements, to create more food on fewer land area while reducing their environmental emissions. Widespread application and utilization of biochar in agricultural scope, forestry production, energy, environmental protection and additional areas, has interested awareness by scientists and investigators inside and/or outside the country. The objective of this paper is to provide a guide for the farmers or peasants and gardeners with an essential information about biochar and what the ability of biochar can be achieved in the soil, and which can provide the scientific reference for the biochar application, and to get high yield and good quality of crops in all of different soils.

关键词： Biochar Pyrolysis Methods Agricultural Advantages Environmental Impacts

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