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Modeling Impact of Hurricane Damages on Income Distribution in the Coastal U.S.

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第4期5卷 265-273页

作者： Tatjana Miljkovic Dragan miljkovic Department of Statistics North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58108USA Department of Applied Economics North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58108USA

This article examines the impact of catastrophic hurricane events on income distribution in hurricane states in the United States. Media claims have been made and the perception created that the most damaging impact of hurricanes is on the lowest income population in the affected states. If these claims are true, they may have serious implications for the insurance industry and government policy makers. We develop a panel data, fixed effects econometric model that includes hurricane-impacted states as cross-sections using annual data for a period of almost 100 years. The Gini coefficient is used as a measure of income inequality, and is a function of normalized hurricane economic damages, gross domestic product(GDP), a set of socioeconomic variables that serves as a control, time trend, and cross-sectional dummy variables.Findings indicate that for every 100 billion US dollars in hurricane economic damages there is an increase in income inequality by 5.4 % as measured by Gini coefficient.Political, sociodemographic, and economic variables are also significant. These include such variables as the political party controlling the U.S. Senate, the proportion of nonwhite population by state, and GDP. Time trend is a positive and significant variable, suggesting an increase in income inequality over time. There are significant differences among the states included in the study. Our results demonstrate that different segments of the population are differently impacted by hurricanes and suggest how that differential impact could be considered in future government policies and business decisions, particularly those made by the insurance industry.

关键词： Hurricane damages Income distribution Disaster insurance United States

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Modeling Impact of Natural Hazard-Induced Disasters on Income Distribution in the United States

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第4期8卷 435-444页

作者： Lin Fang Jiayu Wu Tatjana Miljkovic Department of Statistics Miami UniversityOxfordOH 45056USA

Economic damage due to hurricane activities has been shown to impact income inequality in the coastal states of the United States. We consider 17 other natural hazards, in addition to hurricanes, that affected the entire United States for the period 1970–2013. Two fixed effects models were developed to quantify the relationship between income inequality and economic and demographic variables, including crop and property losses from natural hazard-induced disasters. These models include state-byyear and region-by-year fixed effects models. Our findings show that the damages from all natural hazards impact income distribution across the United States, not only in hurricane-affected areas, but also in non-hurricane states.The results of our study have important implications for the insurance industry and government policymakers.

关键词： Disaster insurance Gini coefficient Income distribution Natural hazard-induced disasters United States

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Market Information on Sourcing Cellulosic Feedstock for Biofuel Production in Northern Plains Region of the United States

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第1期2卷 10-23页

作者： Thein A. Maung Cole R. Gustafson David M. Saxowsky Tatjana Miljkovic John F. Nowatzki Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58108 USA Department of Statistics North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58108 USA Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58108 USA

This study investigates crop residue availability within 100 mile radius of a potential biorefinery in Southeast North Dakota. Due to the lack of market information on biomass residue supply, we conducted farm focus group survey sessions and empirical field studies to evaluate farmers" willingness to supply crop residues and timeliness of harvesting. Using a GIS (Geographic Information Systems) application, we locate residue supply areas and numerically show that there are enough crop residues to meet the biorefinery"s supply needs. Our evidence from farm focus group shows that farmers may not be willing to sell their crop residues because of concerns for labor availability and soil fertility losses. Farmers" decisions to supply crop residues depend on the willingness of a biofuel firm to offer them a contract and ensure price stability. Farmers are unwilling to take any risk in supplying crop residues and they prefer to transfer ownership of residues immediately after harvest and have an external party bale, store and transport the goods. The biofuel firm requires crop residues be collected dry to prevent mold. This will challenge Northern Plains farmers who wait to collect stovers prior to winter.

关键词：市场信息生物燃料平原地区原料生产纤维素作物残茬动力供应采购

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