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Recognizing production options for pearl millet in Pakistan under changing climate scenarios

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第4期16卷 762-773页

作者： Asmat Ullah Ashfaq Ahmad tasneem khaliq Javaid Akhtar Agro-climatology Laboratory Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan Directorate of Agronomy Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad 38850 Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan

Climate change is making the lands a harsher environment all over the world including Pakistan. It is expected to oppose us with three main challenges： increase in temperature up to 2-5℃ （heat stress）, increasing water stress and severe malnourishment due to climate change. It has been foreseen that there will be a 10% increase of dryland areas with climate change in the world, with more variability and incidences of short periods of extreme events （drought and heat stress）. Pearl millet is a hardy, climate smart grain crop, idyllic for environments prone to drought and heat stresses. The crop continues to produce highly nutritious grain sustainably, thereby encouraging the fight against poverty and food insecurity due to its resilience. The crop is more responsive to good production options （planting time, planting density, inter/intra row spacing, nitrogen application and irrigation）. It has high crop growth rate, large leaf area index and high radiation use efficiency that confers its high potential yield. In most of the cases, pearl millet is remained our agricultural answer to the climate calamity that we are facing, because it is selected as water saving, drought tolerant and climate change complaint crop. In view of circumstances, pearl millet cultivation must be retrieved by recognizing production options in context to changing climate scenarios of Pakistan using crop modeling techniques.

关键词： pearl millet production options climate change nitrogen use efficiency radiation use efficiency

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Effect of Growth Stage-Based Irrigation Schedules on Biomass Accumulation and Resource Use Efficiency of Wheat Cultivars

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 1435-1442页

作者： Muhammad Mubeen Ashfaq Ahmad tasneem khaliq Syeda Refat Sultana Shahid Hussain Amjed Ali Hakoomat Ali Wajid Nasim Agro-Climatology Laboratory Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Agro-Climatology Laboratory Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari Pakistan. University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan

Climate and weather conditions greatly affect the performance of new wheat cultivars for yield and resource use efficiency. In order to know the effect of irrigation schedules based on growth stage (the most vital criterion in the region) on growth, yield and radiation use efficiency of wheat cultivars in Faisalabad conditions, a study was planned at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2009-2010. Split plot design with irrigation levels in main plots and cultivars in sub-plots was implied. Irrigation levels were: IT = irrigation at tillering stage, ITS = irrigation at tillering and stem elongation stage, ISB = irrigation at stem elongation and booting stage and ITSBG = irrigation at tillering, stem elongation, booting and grain filling stage. Cultivars selected were: Faisalabad-2008, Lasani-2008, Miraj-2008, Shafaq-2006 and Chakwal-97. Irrigation treatment ITSBG gave higher grain yield (4.23 t·ha-1) followed by ISB (3.60 t·ha-1), however ITSBG was statistically similar to ISB in radiation use efficiency (RUE) for grain yield (RUEGY). Similarly the two treatments were statistically at par in maximum leaf area index, total dry matter (TDM) accumulation, cumulative photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and RUETDM. Hence where less numbers of irrigations are available, irrigation at stem elongation and booting stage is suitable for achieving economic yield. Lasani-2008 produced maximum grain yield (4.37 t·ha-1) compared to other cultivars but it was statistically at par with Shafaq-2006 in plant height, TDM production and RUETDM. Depending on the availability, the two cultivars may be chosen under irrigated conditions of Faisalabad.

关键词： Triticum aestivum L. Irrigation Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) Total Dry Matter (TDM)

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Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Oil Quality of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus Annuus</i>L.) Hybrids under Sub Humid Conditions of Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 243-251页

作者： Wajid Nasim Ashfaq Ahmad Asghari Bano Rabiu Olatinwo Muhammad Usman tasneem khaliq Aftab Wajid Hafiz Mohkum Hammad Muhammad Mubeen Muzzammil Hussain Adaptive Research Farm Government of Punjab Lahore Pakistan Agro-Climatology Laboratory Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering University of Georgia Griffin USA Department of Irrigation & Drainage University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has emerged as an economically important crop in Pakistan due to its significant share in vegetable oil production. The plant metabolic processes require protein to increase the vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the crop. The protein is wholly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen fertilization available for plant use. A two-year field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009. The objective was to determine the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels (N1 = 0 kg·ha–1, N2 = 60 kg·ha–1, N3 = 120 kg·ha–1, N4 = 180 kg·ha–1 and N5 = 240 kg·ha–1) on three sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Hysun-38 and Poineer-64A93) in agro-climatic conditions of Gujranwala, a sub-humid region in the centre of the Punjab province of Pakistan. A randomized complete block design split plot experiment was set-up with cultivars in the main plots and N levels in the subplots. Results showed that Hysun-38 gave maximum TDM (15815 kg·ha–1) and maximum grain yield (3389 kg·ha–1), while minimum TDM (14640 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3125 kg·ha–1) was observed in Hysun-33. Among different N rates evaluated, N4 gave maximum TDM (17890 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3809 kg·ha–1) compared to the other N rates. The maximum oil content (46.2%) was observed in Hysun-38 without application of N fertilizer (N1), while the minimum oil content (40.6%) was observed from N5 treatment. In conclusion, the application of 180 kg·ha–1 N to Hysun-38 provided the best combination for good yield in sunflower crop under the prevailing sub-humid conditions of Pakistan.

关键词： Helianthus annuus L. Nitrogen Rates Yield Subhumid Conditions Pakistan

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OILCROP-SUN Model Relevance for Evaluation of Nitrogen Management of Sunflower Hybrids in Sargodha, Punjab

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 1731-1735页

作者： Ashfaq Ahmad Amjed Ali tasneem khaliq Syed Aftab Wajid Zafar Iqbal Muhammad Ibrahim Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed Gerrit Hoogenboom Agro-Climatology Lab University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan College of Agriculture D. G. Khan Pakistan NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology Multan Pakistan University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Washington State University Pullman USA.

The experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of crop system (DSSAT) OILCROP-SUN model simulating growth & development and achene yield of sunflower hybrids in response to nitrogen under irrigated conditions in semi arid environment, Sargodha, Punjab. The model was evaluated with observed data collected in trials which were conducted during spring season in 2010 and 2011 in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Split plot design was used in layout of experiment with three replications. The hybrids (Hysun-33 & S-278) and N levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 ***-1) were allotted in main and sub plots, respectively. The OILCROP-SUN model showed that the model was able to simulate growth and yield of sunflower with an average of 10.44 error% between observed and simulated achene yield (AY). The results of simulation analysis indicated that nitrogen rate of 150 ***-1 (N3) produced the highest yield as compared to other treatments. Furthermore, the economic analysis through mean Gini Dominance also showed the dominance of this treatment compared to other treatment combinations. Thus management strategy consisting?of treatment 150 ***-1 was the best for high yield of sunflower hybrids.

关键词： Decision Support System for Agro-Technology Transfer Nitrogen Achene Yield Crop Modeling

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