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Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential of flowers, leaves and stem extracts of Rosa arvensis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第4期44卷 804-812页

作者： Zubaria Tul Ain Iram Fatima Sana Naseer Sobia Kanwal tariq mahmood Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Biology Allama Iqbal Open University Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam University Pakistan Academy of Sciences

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate phytochemicals and in vitro biological potential of flowers, leaves and stem extracts of Rosa arvensis. METHODS: Presence of twenty secondary metabolites was confirmed and then phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified spectrophotometrically. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was conducted to ascertain functional groups and antioxidant potential was examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power *** erythrocytes were used to assess anti-hemolytic activity and five bacterial strains were examined to determine antibacterial potential of plant extracts. Radish seeds were used to perform phytotoxic activity and cytotoxic potential was evaluated via brine shrimps and PC3 cell lines. RESULTS: Highest phenolic contents were detected in the methanolic extract of Rosa arvensis flower（RAFM） [（151.635 ± 0.005） gallic acid equivalent mg/g] and highest flavonoid contents in the chloroform leaf extract（RALC） [（108.228 ± 0.004） quercetin equivalent mg/g]. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of wide range of functional groups. The antioxidant assays indicated highest DPPH scavenging activity [IC50（23.5 ± 0.6） μg/mL] in the methanolic stem extract（RASM）, highest total antioxidant capacity [（265.1 ± 0.9） μg/mL] in RAFM and highest reducing potential [（209.9 ± 0.6） μg/mL] in leaf extract（RALM）. Highest antihemolytic activity [（90.0 ± 0.5） μg/mL] was recorded in RAFM and brine shrimp cytotoxicity potential [（52.3 ± 0.3） μg/mL] in RASM. The antimicrobial activity was detected highest [（21.1 ± 0.5） mm inhibition zones] in RALM against Streptococcus aureus. In the end, antiinflammatory and anti-cancer activity results depicted less than 50 % inhibition in the methanolic extracts. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings will be helpful in designing pharmaceutical regimens and therefore, more studies can be recommended to isolate and characterize compounds as

关键词： PC-3 cells anti-inflammatory agents hemolysis oxidative stress spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared

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Image Fusion Using Wavelet Transformation and XGboost Algorithm

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 801-817页

作者： Shahid Naseem tariq mahmood Amjad Rehman Khan Umer Farooq Samra Nawazish Faten S.Alamri Tanzila Saba Department of Information Sciences Division of S&TUniversity of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics(AIDA)Lab CCIS Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information Sciences University of EducationVehari CampusVehari61100Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

Recently,there have been several uses for digital image *** fusion has become a prominent application in the domain of imaging *** create one final image that provesmore informative and helpful compared to the original input images,image fusion merges two or more initial images of the same *** fusion aims to produce,enhance,and transform significant elements of the source images into combined images for the sake of human visual *** fusion is commonly employed for feature extraction in smart robots,clinical imaging,audiovisual camera integration,manufacturing process monitoring,electronic circuit design,advanced device diagnostics,and intelligent assembly line robots,with image quality varying depending on *** research paper presents various methods for merging images in spatial and frequency domains,including a blend of stable and curvelet transformations,everageMax-Min,weighted principal component analysis(PCA),HIS(Hue,Intensity,Saturation),wavelet transform,discrete cosine transform(DCT),dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform(CWT),and multiple wavelet *** fusion methods integrate data from several source images of an identical target,thereby enhancing information in an extremely efficient *** precisely,in imaging techniques,the depth of field constraint precludes images from focusing on every object,leading to the exclusion of certain *** tackle thess challanges,a very efficient multi-focus wavelet decomposition and recompositionmethod is *** use of these wavelet decomposition and recomposition techniques enables this method to make use of existing optimized wavelet code and filter *** simulated outcomes provide evidence that the suggested approach initially extracts particular characteristics from images in order to accurately reflect the level of clarity portrayed in the original *** study enhances the performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoos

关键词： Image fusion max-min average CWT XGBoost DCT inclusive innovations spatial and frequency domain

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Outsmarting Android Malware with Cutting-Edge Feature Engineering and Machine Learning Techniques

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 651-673页

作者： Ahsan Wajahat Jingsha He Nafei Zhu tariq mahmood Tanzila Saba Amjad Rehman Khan Faten S.A.lamri Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics(AIDA)Lab CCIS Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information Sciences University of EducationVehari CampusVehari61100Pakistan Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

The growing usage of Android smartphones has led to a significant rise in incidents of Android malware andprivacy *** escalating security concern necessitates the development of advanced technologies capableof automatically detecting andmitigatingmalicious activities in Android applications(apps).Such technologies arecrucial for safeguarding user data and maintaining the integrity of mobile devices in an increasingly digital *** methods employed to detect sensitive data leaks in Android apps are hampered by two major limitationsthey require substantial computational resources and are prone to a high frequency of false *** meansthat while attempting to identify security breaches,these methods often consume considerable processing powerand mistakenly flag benign activities as malicious,leading to inefficiencies and reduced reliability in *** proposed approach includes a data preprocessing step that removes duplicate samples,managesunbalanced datasets,corrects inconsistencies,and imputes missing values to ensure data *** Minimaxmethod is then used to normalize numerical data,followed by feature vector extraction using the Gain ratio andChi-squared test to identify and extract the most significant characteristics using an appropriate prediction *** study focuses on extracting a subset of attributes best suited for the task and recommending a predictivemodel based on domain expert *** proposed method is evaluated using Drebin and TUANDROMDdatasets containing 15,036 and 4,464 benign and malicious samples,*** empirical result shows thatthe RandomForest(RF)and Support VectorMachine(SVC)classifiers achieved impressive accuracy rates of 98.9%and 98.8%,respectively,in detecting unknown Androidmalware.A sensitivity analysis experiment was also carriedout on all three ML-based classifiers based on MAE,MSE,R2,and sensitivity parameters,resulting in a flawlessperformance for both *** app

关键词： Android malware detection machine learning SVC K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN) RF

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Defocus Blur Segmentation Using Genetic Programming and Adaptive Threshold

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4867-4882页

作者： Muhammad tariq mahmood Future Convergence Engineering School of Computer Science and EngineeringKorea University of Technology and EducationCheonan31253Byeongcheon-myeonKorea

Detection and classification of the blurred and the non-blurred regions in images is a challenging task due to the limited available information about blur type,scenarios and level of *** this paper,we propose an effective method for blur detection and segmentation based on transfer learning *** proposed method consists of two separate *** the first step,genetic programming(GP)model is developed that quantify the amount of blur for each pixel in the *** GP model method uses the multiresolution features of the image and it provides an improved blur *** the second phase,the blur map is segmented into blurred and non-blurred regions by using an adaptive threshold.A model based on support vector machine(SVM)is developed to compute adaptive threshold for the input blur *** performance of the proposed method is evaluated using two different datasets and compared with various state-of-the-art *** comparative analysis reveals that the proposed method performs better against the state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Blur measure blur segmentation sharpness measure genetic programming support vector machine

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穿心莲内酯磺化物抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及其生物膜的药效及机制

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环球中医药 2024年第09期 1731-1741页

作者：温博冯小玉张璐璐李丽 tariq mahmood 吕诚杨伟峰谭勇中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所巴基斯坦真纳大学植物科学系中国中医科学院医学实验中心

目的探讨穿心莲内酯磺化物(andrographolide sulfonate, AS)抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)及其生物膜(biofilm, BF)的药效及机制。方法采用微量肉汤倍比稀释法测定AS对MRSA的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibition concentration, MIC);生长曲线法测定不同浓度AS作用MRSA 24小时内的细菌时间—生长曲线；微孔板法测定不同剂量AS给药对成熟MRSA生物膜(MRSA biofilm, MRSA-BF)活菌量的影响；扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察不同剂量AS对成熟MRSA-BF的形态学变化；通过超高压液相色谱—飞行时间质谱仪法(UPLC-TOF-MS)分析不同剂量AS干预成熟MRSA-BF菌体的内源性代谢物谱特征。结果 AS表现出显著的抗MRSA活性，MIC为50 mg/mL;12.5 mg/mL和6.25 mg/mL浓度的AS均可较好地抑制MRSA及其BF的生长，破坏已成熟的膜性结构，且抑制作用呈剂量依赖关系。代谢组学结果提示27个内源性终端代谢物是反映生物膜形成的代谢物，相关的生物通路有苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine, PA)、酪氨酸(tyrosine, Tyr)、色氨酸的生物合成以及牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢；16个内源性终端代谢物是6.25 mg/mL AS干预MRSA-BF的代谢标志物，相关的生物通路为苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成；18个内源性终端代谢物是12.5 mg/mL AS干预MRSA-BF的代谢标志物，通路分析未发现相关的生物通路；11个内源性终端代谢物是反映AS干预MRSA-BF的药效代谢标志物，其相关的生物通路包括苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、新生霉素的生物合成以及苯丙氨酸的代谢。结论 AS对MRSA及其成熟生物膜均有抑制作用，抑制BF的机制与细菌苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、新生霉素的生物合成以及苯丙氨酸的代谢相关。AS可作为临床治疗MRSA-BF感染的潜在有效方案。

关键词：穿心莲内酯磺化物耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜代谢组学药效机制

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Defocus Blur Segmentation Using Local Binary Patterns with Adaptive Threshold

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1597-1611页

作者： Usman Ali Muhammad tariq mahmood Future Convergence Engineering School of Computer Science and EngineeringKorea University of Technology and Education1600Chungjeol-roByeongcheon-myeonCheonan31253Korea

Enormousmethods have been proposed for the detection and segmentation of blur and non-blur regions of the *** to the limited available information about blur type,scenario and the level of blurriness,detection and segmentation is a challenging ***,the performance of the blur measure operator is an essential factor and needs improvement to attain *** this paper,we propose an effective blur measure based on local binary pattern(LBP)with adaptive threshold for blur *** sharpness metric developed based on LBP used a fixed threshold irrespective of the type and level of blur,that may not be suitable for images with variations in imaging conditions,blur amount and ***,the proposed measure uses an adaptive threshold for each input image based on the image and blur properties to generate improved sharpness *** adaptive threshold is computed based on the model learned through support vector machine(SVM).The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using two different datasets and is compared with five state-of-the-art *** analysis reveals that the proposed method performs significantly better qualitatively and quantitatively against all of the compared methods.

关键词： Adaptive threshold blur measure defocus blur segmentation local binary pattern support vector machine

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Phytochemical investigation of medicinally important plants of the Pothohar region of Pakistan

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020年第5期40卷 883-890页

作者： Amna Rabab Sobia Kanwal tariq mahmood Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of Zoology University of GujratSub-Campus Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan

OBJECTIVE:To report the phytochemical composition(flavonoids,phenolics,saponins,tannins,and terpenoids)and biological activities(antioxidant,phytotoxic,cytotoxic,antifungal activities)of medicinally important plants of Pothohar ***:In the current study various qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests were conducted to investigate the phytochemical composition of plant extracts prepared in benzene,chloroform and *** same extracts were further utilized in different biological activities i.e.,antioxidant[total antioxidant capacity,total reducing power,and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging assay],phytotoxicity(Radish seed bioassay),brine shrimp cytotoxicity and antifungal activities(against four pathogenic fungal strains).RESULTS:Phytochemical analysis indicate flavonoids,phenolics,saponins,tannins and terpenoids were present in almost all plants however,maximum amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents was reported in of Malva parviflora and Lepidium *** of Malva parviflora and Lepidium pinnatifidum also depicted the superlative antioxidant activity(total antioxidant capacity,total reducing power,and DPPH scavenging activity).Maximum fungal growth inhibition was demonstrated by extracts of Centaurea calcitropa,Vicia sativa and Malva *** maximum cytotoxicity was shown by the extracts of Centaurea ***,for phytotoxicity assay the highest allelopathic potential was exhibited by extracts of Lepidium *** prejudiced results;the best results were obtained by Methanol followed by Chloroform and ***:Centaurea calcitropa,Vicia sativa,Malva parviflora and Lepidium pinnatifidum are most promising medicinal plants of Pothohar region for future studies.

关键词： Centaurea Malva Cytotoxins Antifungal agents Phytotoxicity Pothohar region

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Big Data Analytics in Telecommunications: Literature Review and Architecture Recommendations

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第1期7卷 18-38页

作者： Hira Zahid tariq mahmood Ahsan Morshed Timos Sellis Faculty of Computer Science Institute of Business AdministrationKarachi 75270Pakistan School of Engineering and Technology CQUniversityMelbourne Victoria 3000Australia University of Technology Hawthorn VIC 3122Australia

This paper focuses on facilitating state-of-the-art applications of big data analytics(BDA) architectures and infrastructures to telecommunications(telecom) industrial *** companies are dealing with terabytes to petabytes of data on a daily basis. Io T applications in telecom are further contributing to this data deluge. Recent advances in BDA have exposed new opportunities to get actionable insights from telecom big data. These benefits and the fast-changing BDA technology landscape make it important to investigate existing BDA applications to telecom sector. For this, we initially determine published research on BDA applications to telecom through a systematic literature review through which we filter 38 articles and categorize them in frameworks, use cases, literature reviews, white papers and experimental validations. We also discuss the benefits and challenges mentioned in these articles. We find that experiments are all proof of concepts(POC) on a severely limited BDA technology stack(as compared to the available technology stack), i.e.,we did not find any work focusing on full-fledged BDA implementation in an operational telecom environment. To facilitate these applications at research-level, we propose a state-of-the-art lambda architecture for BDA pipeline implementation(called Lambda Tel) based completely on open source BDA technologies and the standard Python language, along with relevant *** discovered only one research paper which presented a relatively-limited lambda architecture using the proprietary AWS cloud infrastructure. We believe Lambda Tel presents a clear roadmap for telecom industry practitioners to implement and enhance BDA applications in their enterprises.

关键词： Big data analytics BDA pipeline BDA technology stack lambda architecture python systematic literature review telecommunications

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Microbiostatic, antioxidative and cytotoxic potentiation of some grasses of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019年第4期39卷 482-491页

作者： Iram Fatima Sobia Kanwal tariq mahmood Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of Zoology University of GujratSub-campus Rawalpindi46000Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biological potential of methanol and n-hexane extracts of aerial parts in seven species of family ***: Qualitative phytochemical tests were done by using standard protocols. In vitro antioxidant activity was performed via different assays and antimicrobial potential was observed via disc diffusion method. Cytotoxic activity was carried out using brine shrimps’ ***: Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols,steroids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanins and coumarins in most of the plant extracts. Maximum antioxidant and antimicrobial potential were observed in Cymbopogon citratus methanol extract and Cymbopogon citratus n-hexane extract along with significant number of total flavonoids and phenols contents. However, Polypogon monspeliensis methanol extract and Polypogon monspeliensis n-hexane extract showed minimum antioxidant as well as antimicrobial potential. Moreover, methanol extracts showed a cytotoxic effect with their effectiveness ranked Polypogon monspeliensis methanol extract > Cymbopogon citratus methanol extract > Phalaris minor n-hexane extract > Aristida funiculata methanol extract > Stipagrostis plumosa methanol extract > Cenchrus ciliaris methanol extract > Panicum antidotale methanol extract. Similarly, n-hexane plant extracts revealed cytotoxic activity in decreasing order Cenchrus ciliaris n-hexane extract > Stipagrostis plumosa n-hexane extract > Phalaris minor n-hexane extract > Aristida funiculata n-hexane extract > Polypogon monspeliensis n-hexane extract > Panicum antidotale n-hexane extract > Cymbopogon citratus n-hexane extract ***: Methanol extracts exhibit significant antioxidant and antimicrobial potential which can be correlated to their medicinal values. The observed brine shrimp’s lethality of the plant extracts revealed the presence of potent cytotoxic components in these plants.

关键词： Poaceae Methanol n-Hexane Anti-infective agents Antioxidants Cytotoxins

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A Soil Moisture Data Assimilation System for Pakistan Using PODEn4DVar and CLM4.5

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第6期33卷 1182-1193页

作者： tariq mahmood Zhenghui XIE Binghao JIA Ammara HABIB Rashid mahmood State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Pakistan Meteorological Department Islamabad 44000Pakistan Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Soil moisture is an important state variable for land–atmosphere *** is a vital land surface variable for research on hydrology,agriculture,climate,and drought *** current study,a soil moisture data assimilation framework has been developed by using the Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5)and the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)-based ensemble four-dimensional variational assimilation(PODEn4 DVar)*** experiments were conducted at four agricultural sites in Pakistan by assimilating in-situ soil moisture *** results showed that it was a reliable *** quantify further the feasibility of the data assimilation(DA)system,soil moisture observations from the top four soil-depths(0–5,5–10,10–20,and 20–30 cm)were *** evaluation results indicated that the DA system improved soil moisture *** addition,updating the soil moisture in the upper soil layers of CLM4.5 could improve soil moisture estimation in deeper soil layers[layer 7(L7,62.0 cm)and layer 8(L8,103.8 cm)].To further evaluate the DA system,observing system simulation experiments(OSSEs)were designed for Pakistan by assimilating daily *** idealized experiments produced statistical results that had higher correlation coefficients,reduced root mean square errors,and lower biases for assimilation,which showed that the DA system is able to produce and improve soil moisture estimation in Pakistan.

关键词： PODEn4DVar Community Land Model version 4.5 data assimilation soil moisture Pakistan

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