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Fungal infection dynam.cs in response to tem.erature in the lepidopteran insect Galleria m.llonella

Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 454-466页

作者： Vadim.Y. Kryukov Olga N. Yaroslavtseva m.randa m. A. Whitten m.ksim.V. Tyurin Katherine J. Ficken Carolyn Greig Nadja R. m.lo Viktor V. Glupov Ivan m. Dubovskiy tariq m. butt Institute of System.tics and Ecology of Anim.ls Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk Russia Institute of Life Science College of Medicine Swansea University Swansea Wales UK Departm.nt of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Swansea Wales UK

This study exam.nes how the dynam.cs of fungus-insect interactions can be m.dulated by tem.erature. The wax m.th, Galleria m.llonella, is a well-studied and im.ortant m.del insect whose larvae in the wild develop optim.lly at around 34 ℃ in beehives. However, surprisingly little research on wax m.ths has been conducted at relevant tem.eratures. In this study, the entom.pathogenic fungus m.tarhizium.robertsii inflicted rapid and substantial m.rtality on wax m.th larvae m.intained at a constant tem.erature of 24 ℃, but at 34 ℃ a 10 fold higher dose was required to achieve an equivalent m.rtality. The cooler tem.erature favored fungal pathogenicity, with condial adhesion to the cuticle, germ.nation and hem.coel invasion all significantly enhanced at 24 ℃, com.ared with 34 ℃. The wax m.th larvae im.une responses altered with the tem.erature, and with the infective dose of the fungus. Enzym.-based im.une defenses （lysozym. and phenoloxidase） exhibited enhanced activity at the warm.r tem.erature. A dram.tic upregulation in the basal expression of galiom.cin and gallerim.cin was triggered by cooling, and this was augm.nted in the presence of the fungus. Profiling of the predom.nant insect epicuticular fatty acids revealed a 4-7 fold increase in palm.tic, oleic and linoleic acids in larvae m.intained at 24 ℃ com.ared with those at 34 ℃, but these failed to exert fungistatic effects on topically applied fungus. This study dem.nstrates the im.ortance of choosing environm.ntal conditions relevant to the habitat of the insect host when determ.ning the dynam.cs and outcom. of insect/fungus interactions, and has particular significance for the application of entom.pathogens as biocontrol agents.

关键词： biocontrol entom.pathogenic fungus im.unity m.tarhizium tem.erature

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Bim.tallic reduced graphene oxide/zeolitic im.dazolate fram.work hybrid aerogels for efficient heavy m.tals rem.val

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Frontiers of Chem.cal Science and Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 49-66页

作者： Nurul A.m.zlan Allana Lewis Fraz Saeed butt Rajakum.ri Krishnam.orthi Siyu Chen Yi Huang School of Engineering Institute for Materials&ProcessesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FBUK

Graphene oxide is a prom.sing adsorption ***,it has been difficult to recycle and separate graphene oxide in the *** alleviate this problem.graphene oxide was therm.lly reduced to produce porous hydrogel which was then functionalized with *** functional groups act as not only adsorption sites but also nucleation sites for in situ crystallization of cobalt-doped zeolitic-im.dazolate-fram.work-8 *** effects of cobalt-doping contents on the physicochem.cal and adsorption properties of the resulting aerogel were also evaluated by varying the cobalt *** instance,the reduced graphene oxide-polydopam.ne/50cobalt-zeolitic-im.dazolate-fram.work-8 aerogel exhibited a high surface area of 900 m.(2)·g^(-1)and m.intained the structure in water after ten *** as-synthesized aerogels showed an ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 1217±24.35 m.·g^(-1)with a rem.val efficiency of>99%of lead,as well as excellent adsorption perform.nce toward other heavy m.tals,such as copper and cadm.um.with adsorption capacity of 1163±34.91 and 1059±31.77 m.·g^(-1),*** im.ortantly,the lead adsorption stabilized at 1023±20.5 m.·g^(-1)with a rem.val efficiency of>80%after seven cycles,indicating their potential in heavy m.tal rem.val from.industrial wastewater.

关键词： rGO Co-doped ZIF-8 heavy m.tals adsorption aerogel

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Physical,Therm.l and Partial Discharge Evaluation of Nano Alum.na Filled Silicone Rubber in an Inclined Plane Test

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy System. 2022年第4期8卷 1242-1249页

作者： m.tariq Nazir Faizan Tahir butt Haider Hussain B.Toan Phung Shakeel Akram.m.Shoaib Bhutta Ghulam.Yasin School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australiaand the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales SydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Telecom.unications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW 2052Australia Institut d'Electronique et des Systès(IES) UMR 5214CNRSUniversitéde Montpellier34095 MontpellierFrance State Key Laboratory of Power Transm.ssion Equipm.nt and System.Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChonging 400044China State Key Laboratory of Chem.cal Resource Engineering College of EnergyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Silicone rubber(SiR)com.osite m.terial is a m.dern-day insulator for high voltage outdoor *** im.erfection attributed to SiR is its weak resistance to tracking and erosion when exposed to an outdoor polluted environm.nt which reduces its operational *** paper investigates the perform.nce of SiR with the addition of 0,1,2.5,5,10 and 20%by weight contents of nano alum.na(Al_(2)O_(3)).Inclined plane tests are perform.d according to IEC 60587 using the step up tracking voltage m.thod with an initial voltage of 3.0 kV and the contam.nant solution flow rate is m.intained at 0.3 m./m.n using a peristaltic *** applied voltage level is increased at a rate of 0.25 kV/*** suggest that physical tracking,erosion,Rm. leakage current and surface partial discharge(PD)perform.nce of sam.les is im.roved with the addition of nano *** tracking length,eroded m.ss,Rm. leakage current and average PD m.gnitude are m.asured 22%,79%,30%and 52%lesser in 20 wt%relative to 0 wt%,respectively.A therm.l distribution analysis is undertaken with infrared cam.ra and it is discovered that heat is accum.lated in the discharge area of the liquid *** m.xim.m.tem.erature on the insulating specim.n is decreased with increasing nanofiller *** above prom.sing findings can be due to better therm.l stability with low chain m.bility at the interaction zone of SiR and ***,less liquid evaporation due to better therm.l conduction and im.roved physical bonding between SiR and nano alum.na are possible reasons behind the excellent perform.nce of nanocom.osites.

关键词： Alum.na(Al_(2)O_(3)) dry band arcing(DBA) inclined plane test(IPT) infrared therm.l analysis leakage current partial discharge(PD) silicone rubber(SiR) therm.l properties

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Effects of m.gnetic Field on Entropy Generation in Flow and Heat Transfer due to a Radially Stretching Surface

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第2期30卷 155-159页

作者： Adnan Saeed butt Asif Ali Departm.nt of m.them.tics Quaid-I-Azam University 45320Islamabad 44000Pakistan

We investigate the effects of m.gnetic field on the entropy generation during fluid flow and heat transfer due to the radially stretching *** partial differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer phenom.non are transform.d into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using suitable sim.larity *** equations are then solved by the hom.topy analysis m.thod and the shooting *** effects of the m.gnetic field param.ter m.and the Prandtl num.er Pr on velocity and the tem.erature profiles are ***,influence of the m.gnetic field param.ter m.and the group param.ter Br/Ω on the local entropy generation num.er Ns as well as the Bejan num.er Be are *** is observed that the m.gnetic field is a strong source of entropy production in the considered problem.

关键词： technique. surface. entropy

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Bifunctional catalysts of Co3O4@GCN tubular nanostructured （TNS） hybrids for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions

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Nano Research 2015年第11期8卷 3725-3736页

作者： m.ham.ad Tahir Nasir m.hm.od Xiaoxue Zhang tariq m.hm.od Faheem. K. butt Im.an Aslam.m.Tanveer Faryal Idrees Syed Khalid Im.an Shakir Yim.ng Yan Jijun Zou Chuanbao Cao Yanglong Hou Research Centre of m.terials Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering Peldng University Beijing 100081 China Beijing Key Laboratory for Chem.cal Power Source and Green Catalyst School of Chemical Engineering and Environment Beijing Institution of Technology Beijing 100081 China Sustainable Energy Technologies (SET) center building No 3 Room 1c23 College of Engineering King Saud University PO BOX 800 Riyadh 11421 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Key Laboratory for Green Chem.cal Technology of the m.nistry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Collaborative Innovative Center of Chem.cal Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China

Catalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions （OER/HER） are at the heart of renewable green energy sources such as water splitting. Although incredible efforts have been m.de to develop efficient catalysts for OER and HER, great challenges still rem.in in the developm.nt of bifunctional catalysts. Here, we report a novel hybrid of Co3O4 em.edded in tubular nanostructures of graphitic carbon nitride （GCN） and synthesized through a facile, large-scale chem.cal m.thod at low tem.erature. Strong synergistic effects between Co3O4 and GCN resulted in excellent perform.nce as a bifunctional catalyst for OER and HER. The high surface area, unique tubular nanostructure, and com.osition of the hybrid m.de all redox sites easily available for catalysis and provided faster ionic and electronic conduction. The Co3O4@GCN tubular nanostructured （TNS） hybrid exhibited the lowest overpotential （0.12 V） and excellent current density （147 m./cm.2） in OER, better than benchm.rks IrO2 and RuO2, and with superior durability in alkaline m.dia. Furtherm.re, the Co3O4@GCN TNS hybrid dem.nstrated excellent perform.nce in HER, with a m.ch lower onset and overpotential, and a stable current density. It is expected that the Co3O4@GCN TNS hybrid developed in this study will be an attractive alternative to noble m.tals catalysts in large scale water splitting and fuel cells.

关键词： carbon nitride cobalt oxide bifunctional catalyst oxygen evolution reaction hydrogen evolution reaction

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金龟子绿僵菌附着胞分化及其与环腺苷酸cAm.的关联性研究(英文)

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菌物学报 2009年第5期28卷 712-717页

作者：段志兵高强吕丁丁石少华 butt tariq m. 王成树中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所上海200032 School of Biological Sciences University of Wales Swansea

寄主识别与附着胞分化是虫生真菌启动侵染过程的首要步骤。本文利用先前获得的金龟子绿僵菌基因缺失突变株与其野生型一起进行附着胞分化研究。接种后不同时间下的观察表明,绿僵菌突变株或野生型的附着胞既可以在萌发不久的芽管顶端形成... 详细信息

寄主识别与附着胞分化是虫生真菌启动侵染过程的首要步骤。本文利用先前获得的金龟子绿僵菌基因缺失突变株与其野生型一起进行附着胞分化研究。接种后不同时间下的观察表明,绿僵菌突变株或野生型的附着胞既可以在萌发不久的芽管顶端形成,也可以在伸长菌丝分支的顶端形成。与野生型不同的是,突变株附着胞的分化频率显著下降,附着胞周围也缺乏粘液层的产生。研究表明,绿僵菌的类枯草杆菌类体壁降解酶对于附着胞分化不产生影响,对体壁降解也非完全必需的。与突变株附着胞分化频率显著降低相对应,其胞内环腺苷酸cAm.水平显著下降,而添加外源cAm.能够显著增加其附着胞分化频率,说明绿僵菌cAm.信号途径对于调控附着胞分化起着重要的作用。

关键词：昆虫病原真菌体壁穿透粘液层类枯草杆菌蛋白酶

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Resolving the age-related decline in central nervous system.m.elin turnover and drug discovery for oligodendroglial rejuvenation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2677-2678页

作者： Andrea Dom.nico Rivera Arthur m.rgan butt Kasum.Azim Institute of Biom.dical and Biom.lecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK Section of Hum.n Anatom. Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly Departm.nt of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

m.el i n genes are am.ngst the m.st dysregulated genes in the aged brain:Just over half of the weight of an entire adult hum.n brain is attributed to m.elin,which wraps around neuronal axons and is essential for superfast axonal conduction and neuronal *** the central nervous system.it is the function of specialized cells called oligodendrocytes(OLs)to m.ke m.elin,which is m.de up of lipids and *** are generated throughout life by a significant population of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs)that are responsible for the lifelong generation of OLs and m.elin,essential for learning,as well as repair following pathological insults(*** dem.elinating diseases that include m.ltiple sclerosis)(Sim.ns and Nave,2015;Philips and Rothstein,2017).Changes in m.elin content in the hum.n brain over the lifespan of individuals have been well docum.nted,as well as evidence of m.elin loss in rodent m.dels using classical histological approaches(Bartzokis et al.,2012;Soreq et al.,2017).

关键词： m.elin system specialized

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Design and Param.tric Investigation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2018年第3期23卷 345-351页

作者： ABBAS Zulkarnain ABBAS Saqlain butt Zubair PASHA Riffat Asim School of m.chanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Departm.nt of m.chatronics Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Chakwal 48800 Pakistan Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Taxila 47080 Pakistan

This research focuses on design and calculations for the horizontal axis wind turbine to fulfill energy dem.nds at sm.ll scales in Pakistan. This is the design to produce about 5 kilowatts of electricity to share the load of average hom. appliances. Area chosen for this research is Pasni, Balochistan in Pakistan to build the wind turbine for electricity. Design values are approxim.ted by appropriate form.las of wind energy design. In current research, turbine blade profile is designed by blade elem.nt m.m.ntum.BEm. theory. Warlock wind turbine calculator is used to verify the design param.ters like wind speed, tip speed ratio(TSR) and efficiency *** of wind speed, wind power, TSR, pitch angle, blade tip angle, num.er of blades, blade design and tower height on power coefficient are analyzed in this research. m.xim.m.power coefficient is achieved at a designed velocity of 6 m.s. Design analysis is also perform.d on sim.lation software ANSYS Fluent. It is observed that designed velocity param.ter of this research is very suitable for the turbine blade, so blade designing is perfect according to wind speed range.

关键词： horizontal axis wind turbine Warlock wind turbine calculator planetary gear box

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Earthworm.com.unity developm.nt in soils of a reclaim.d steelworks

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 384-390页

作者： Kevin Rbutt Siobhan m.UIGG University of Central Lancashire School of Forensic and Applied SciencesPreston PR12HEUK

Long-term.studies are essential to learn earthworm.com.unity developm.nt and soil form.tion post *** were undertaken at a form.r steelworks site at Hallside,near Glasgow,UK,reclaim.d in the 1990s using a m.xture of colliery spoil and sewage *** site was largely planted for production of short rotation coppice willow(Salix spp.).Earthworm.inoculation form.d a part of the restoration *** m.nitoring occurred in the interim.but som. records of earthworm.sam.ling existed in 2000 and *** study focused on m.nitoring earthworm. and soil properties across the site,drawing com.arisons with adjacent unspoiled *** showed that after 22 years,a species-rich com.unity of earthworm.(n=16)colonized the site,with endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa being dom.nant by num.er and anecic *** by *** the site,earthworm.com.unity density and biom.ss were 208 individuals m.(-2) and 71 g m.(-2),*** Shannon diversity index for earthworm. was 1.89,with an evenness of *** sewage sludge increased the soil organic m.tter,but the stone content of the colliery spoil prevented digging in som. *** chem.stry had no negative effect on earthworm.,but the com.acted substrate did hinder water *** colonized the reclaim.d site from.adjacent areas,and com.unity structure and density below well-drained,scrub-free willow,birch,and grassland were not significantly different(P>0.05)from.those of the adjacent unspoiled *** results show that the historical earthworm.inoculation was unnecessary and badly *** reclam.tions of sim.lar sites can learn from.this investigation.

关键词： colliery spoil colonization inoculation land reclam.tion pedogenesis rehabilitation sewage sludge willow

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CALCULATION OF THE YOUNG'S m.DULUS OF AN ADSORBED POLYm.R LAYER

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Chinese Journal of Polym.r Science 2007年第1期25卷 95-105页

作者： Rüdiger Stark m.chael Kappl Hans-Jürgen butt m.x-Planck-Institute for Polym.r Research Ackermannweg 1055128 MainzGermany

Polym.r layers adsorbed to a surface or in a confined environm.nt often change their m.chanical properties. There is even the possibility of solidification of the confined layer. To judge the stiffness of such a layer, we used the Hertz m.del to calculate the Young＇s m.dulus of the polym.r layer in the confinem.nt of AFm.experim.nts with silicon nitride tip with a radius of curvature ofR ≈ 50 nm.and a glass sphere attached to the cantilever R =5 μm. Since there is no visible indentation of the layer in the AFm.experim.nts, the layer is either penetrated very easily, or the indentation is too sm.ll to be seen in a force curve. The latter would be the case for a polym.r layer with a Young＇s m.dulus above 4 × 10^8 Pa in case of an experim.nt with a silicon nitride tip and 4×10^5 Pa in case of a glass sphere.

关键词： AFm PDm. PI Confined polym.r Young's m.dulus Solidification.

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