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Squamous cell cancer of the rectum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第35期15卷 4380-4386页

作者： tara Dyson Peter V Draganov Department of Gastro-enterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of Florida 1600 SW Archer RdRoom HD 602PO Box 100214 GainesvilleFlorida 32610United States

Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum is a rare *** appears to be associated with chronic inflammatory conditions and *** clear association seen between Human Papilloma Virus and various squamous cancers has not been firmly established for the squamous cell cancer of the rectum. The presentation is nonspecific and patients tend to present with advanced stage *** relies on endoscopic examination with biopsy of the *** from squamous cell cancer of the anus can be difficult,but can be facilitated by immunohistochemical staining for *** of the cancer with endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography provides essential information on prognosis and can guide *** present,surgery remains the main therapeutic option;however recent advances have made chemoradiation a valuable therapeutic addition. Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum is a distinct entity and it is of crucial importance for the practicing Gastroenterologist to be thoroughly familiar with this *** to adenocarcinoma of the rectum and squamous cell cancer of the anal canal,squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum has different epidemiology, etiology,pathogenesis,and prognosis but,most importantly,requires a different therapeutic approach. This review will examine and summarize the available information regarding this disease from the perspective of the practicing gastroenterologist.

关键词： Rectal cancer Squamous cell cancer Endoscopic ultrasound Chemoradiation Surgery

Epidemiology and Clonal Spread Evidence of Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms in the Center of Care and Protection of Orphaned Children, Vietnam

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第3期14卷 165-189页

作者： Van Kim Nguyen Pirom Noisumdaeng Pol. Maj. Katiya Ivanovitch Stephen Baker Eugene Athan Stephanie Jones Le Thi Lan Larry Croft Yin Peng Lee tara Cassidy Van Hung Tran Thi Hang Phan Huu Tinh Ho Faculty of Public Health Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand Department of Prevention and Infection Control Hung Vuong Hospital HCM City Vietnam Microbiology of Faculty of Public Health Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand Thammasat University Research Unit in Modern Microbiology and Public Health Genomics Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand National Heart & Lung Institute (NHLI) University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Barwon South West Public Health Unit Geelong Australia Center for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR) Geelong Australia School of Medicine Deakin University Burwood Australia Monash Health Berwick Australia Center of Care and Protection of Orphaned Children HCM City Vietnam Charles River Laboratories Microbial Solutions Melbourne Australia Personnel Department of Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital HCM City Vietnam Hung Vuong Hospital HCM City Vietnam Department of Epidemiology Institute of Public Health HCM City Vietnam

Objective: To determine the prevalence of colonization and transmission of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms in order to develop of an effective infection prevention program. Design: Cross-sectional study with carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) colonization detection from the fecal specimens of 20 Health Care Workers (HCWs) and 67 residents and 175 random environment specimens from September 2022 to September 2023. Setting: A Care and Protection Centre of Orphaned Children in South of HCM City. Participants: It included 20 HCWs, 67 residents, and 175 randomly collected environmental specimens. Method: Rectal and environmental swabs were collected from 20 HCWs, 67 residents (most of them were children), and 175 environmental specimens. MELAB Chromogenic CARBA agar plates, Card NID, and NMIC-500 CPO of the BD Phoenix TM Automated Microbiology System and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were the tests to screen, confirm CROs, respectively and determine CRO colonization and transmission between HCWs, residents, and the environment. Result: We detected 36 CRO isolates, including 6, 11 and 19 CROs found in 6 HCWs, 10 residents and 19 environments. The prevalence of detectable CRO was 30% (6/20) in HCWs, 14.92% (10/67) in residents, and 10.86% (19/175) in environmental swabs in our study. WGS demonstrated CRO colonization and transmission with the clonal spread of E. coli and A. nosocomialis, among HCWs and residents (children). Conclusion: Significant CRO colonization and transmission was evident in HCWs, residents, and the center environment. Cleaning and disinfection of the environment and performing regular hand hygiene are priorities to reduce the risk of CRO colonization and transmission.

关键词： Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms Contamination Hand Hygiene Whole Genome Sequencing Infection Prevention

The scope and potential of music therapy in stroke rehabilitation

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第4期20卷 284-287页

作者： tara Rajendran Martha Summa-Chadwick Department of Music Faculty of Fine ArtsAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai NagarChidambaramTamil Nadu 608002India Music Therapy Gateway in Communications Signal MountainTennessee 37377United States

There is a growing interest in the use of music therapy in neurological rehabilitation. Of all the major neurological illnesses, stroke rehabilitation has been observed to have some of the strongest potential for music therapy’s beneficial effect. The current burden of stroke has raised the need to embrace novel,cost-effective, rehabilitation designs that will enhance the existing physical, occupation, and speech therapies. Music therapy addresses a broad spectrum of motor, speech, and cognitive deficits, as well as behavioral and emotional issues. Several music therapy designs have focused on gait, cognitive, and speech rehabilitation, but most of the existing randomized controlled trials based on these interventions have a high risk of bias and are statistically insignificant. More randomized controlled trials with greater number of participants are required to strengthen the current data. Fostering an open and informed dialogue between patients, healthcare providers, and music therapists may help increase quality of life, dispel fallacies, and guide patients to specific musical interventions.

关键词： Music therapy Stroke Stroke rehabilitation

Predictors of recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileocolectomy: A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14393-14406页

作者： tara M Connelly Evangelos Messaris Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of MedicineHersheyPA 17033United States

Recurrence after ileocolectomy for Crohn’s disease (CD) is common and occurs in up to 80% of patients. Such recurrence can result in repeated surgical interventions, an increased need for medical treatment and, frequently, an impaired quality of life. The aim of this overview is to provide a summary of the factors associated with disease recurrence after ileocolectomy for CD. Recurrence can be measured clinically or endoscopically using established scoring systems. Radiology and serologic tests can also be used, oftentimes in conjunction with endoscopy and/or clinical findings. Many patient and operative factors as well as pharmacologic treatments have been studied as potential predictors of recurrence. Of these, only smoking and immunomodulatory or biologic medical treatment have repeatedly been shown to effect recurrence. Genetic predictors have been studied and suggested but further evaluation in larger cohorts is necessary. This paper highlights validated, reproducible scoring systems for recurrence and the key findings of studies including patient demographics, operative techniques, various pharmacological treatments and histological findings as predictors of recurrence post ileocolectomy in CD.

关键词： Crohn’ s disease Ileocolectomy Recurrence Surgical genetics Inflammatory bowel disease

The Ethics of Treating Animals as Resources： A Post-Heideggerian Approach

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2016年第3期11卷 463-482页

作者： tara Kennedy 78 Fenno Street Quincy Massachusetts MA 02170 USA

This paper describes the phenomenological ethics implicit in Heidegger＇s later work. It is argued that these phenomenological ethics take the form of a perfectionist ethics in which one consciously resists the temptation to nihilistically enframe other entities as Bestand. Despite Heidegger＇s reputation as an inferior animal philosopher, it is then argued that we can employ this ethics to improve our relationship with non-human animals. Specifically, our use of them in the agricultural setting is examined to determine whether or not our current practices are ethical according to Heidegger＇s normative model. Ultimately it is concluded that, more often than not, animals are harmed both ontically and ontologically by our modem farming practices. We are called on instead to try to dwell meditatively with other entities, to be-with them in such a way that respects them as inexhaustibly meaningful instantiations of being as such. This requires changes to the way in which we satisfy our needs as consumers.

关键词： Heidegger ethics phenomenology animals resources

Plasma protein oxidation and total antioxidant power in premenstrual syndrome

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第3期3卷 237-240页

作者： Eans tara Tuladhar Anjali Rao Department of Biochemistry Kasturba Medical College

Objective:To explore whether oxidative stress has any role in premenstrual syndrome(PMS). Methods:Female volunteers suffering from PMS,in the age group of 20-24 years were compared to their asymptomatic normomennorhoeic counterparts in follicular phase and late luteal phase for ferric reducing antioxidant power of plasma(FRAP),plasma protein thiols(PPT) and protein carbonyls(PPC) ***:There was no significant change in FRAP and PPC levels in controls and PMS groups but PPT decreased significantly in luteal phase of PMS(P< 0.05) when compared to follicular ***:Estrogen and progesterone,might be responsible for a healthy antioxidant profile in ***,a marked decrease in PPT in luteal phase of PMS group may be due to pro-oxidant nature of estrogen-active in this phase of PMS leading to consumption of the sacrificial antioxidant-protein thiol.

关键词： Ferric reducing antioxidant power of plasma Premenstrual tension Protein thiol Protein carbonyl

Evacuating a First Nation Due to Wildfire Smoke:The Case of Dene Tha’ First Nation

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 274-286页

作者： Kyla D.Mottershead tara K.McGee Amy Christianson Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E3Canada Canadian Forest Service Northern Forestry CentreEdmontonAB T6H 3S5Canada

Almost every year,First Nations are evacuated in Canada because of wildfire proximity and *** of wildfires,and remote locations,unique sociocultural characteristics,and limited emergency management resources present challenges for evacuation organizers and *** study explores how Dene Tha’First Nation evacuated their Tachécommunity in July 2012 due to wildfire smoke and how the evacuation process affected *** were completed with 31 evacuation organizers and residents to examine the factors that helped and hindered the evacuation *** of information about the nearby wildfire,smoke,and evacuation of the nearby small community of Zama City,combined with a generic evacuation plan,delayed and posed challenges during the evacuation of this Dene Tha’*** leadership and its role in community organizing,keeping families together,providing the social support they needed,and using familiar host communities,demonstrated and contributed to the community’s resilience during the *** to improve evacuations and emergency management in the community and other First Nations in Canada are identified and discussed.

关键词： Community resilience Evacuation planning First Nations Indigenous peoples Wildfire smoke

Neural progenitor cells but not astrocytes respond distally to thoracic spinal cord injury in rat models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1885-1894页

作者： tara Nguyen Yilin Mao Theresa Sutherland Catherine Anne Gorrie School of Life Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Traumatic spinal cord injury （SCI） is a detrimental condition that causes loss of sensory and motor function in an individual. Many complex secondary injury cascades occur after SCI and they offer great potential for therapeutic targeting. In this study, we investigated the response of endogenous neural progenitor cells, astrocytes, and microglia to a localized thoracic SCI throughout the neuroaxis. Twenty-five adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent mild-contusion thoracic SCI （n = 9）, sham surgery （n = 8）, or no surgery （n = 8）. Spinal cord and brain tissues were fixed and cut at six regions of the neuroaxis. Immunohistochem- istry showed increased reactivity of neural progenitor cell marker nestin in the central canal at all levels of the spinal cord. Increased reactivity of astrocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein was found only at the lesion epicenter. The number of activated microglia was significantly increased at the lesion site, and activated microglia extended to the lumbar enlargement. Phagocytic microglia and macrophages were significantly increased only at the lesion site. There were no changes in nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, microglia and macrophage response in the third ventricle of rats subjected to mild-contusion thoracic SCI compared to the sham surgery or no surgery. These findings indicate that neural progenitor cells, astrocytes and microglia respond differently to a localized SCI, presumably due to differences in inflammatory signaling. These different cellular responses may have implications in the way that neural progenitor cells can be manipulated for neuroregeneration after SCI. This needs to be further investigated.

关键词： nerve regeneration contusion spinal cord neuroinflammatory ependymal cell glial fibrillary acidic protein microglia nestin neuroaxis tanycyte third ventricle trauma neural regeneration

Toward three-dimensional in vitro models to study neurovascular unit functions in health and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2132-2140页

作者： tara M.Caffrey Emily B.Button Jerome Robert Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Pathology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

The high metabolic demands of the brain require an efficient vascular system to be coupled with neural activity to supply adequate nutrients and *** supply is coordinated by the action of neurons,glial and vascular cells,known collectively as the neurovascular unit,which temporally and spatially regulate local cerebral blood flow through a process known as neurovascular *** many neurodegenerative diseases,changes in functions of the neurovascular unit not only impair neurovascular coupling but also permeability of the blood-brain barrier,cerebral blood flow and clearance of waste from the *** order to study disease mechanisms,we need improved physiologicallyrelevant human models of the neurovascular *** towards modeling the cellular complexity of the neurovascular unit in vitro have been made using stem-cell derived organoids and more recently,vascularized organoids,enabling intricate studies of non-cell autonomous *** and design innovations in microfluidic devices and tissue engineering are progressing our ability to interrogate the *** advanced models are being used to gain a better understanding of neurodegenerative disease processes and potential *** innovation is required to build more physiologically-relevant models of the neurovascular unit encompassing both the cellular complexity and designed features to interrogate neurovascular unit functionality.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease cerebrovasculature in vitro model neurodegeneration neurovascular unit