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Normalized urban heat island (UHI) indicators: Classifying the temporal variation of UHI for building energy simulation (BES) applications

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Building Simulation 2023年第9期16卷 1645-1658页

作者： Manan singh Ryan Sharston Florida Institute for Built Environment Resilience(FIBER) College of DesignConstruction and PlanningUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32601USA

Despite known effects of urban heat island(UHI)on building energy consumption such as increased cooling energy demand,typical building energy simulation(BES)practices lack a standardized approach to incorporate UHI into building energy *** seasonal and diurnal variation of UHI makes the task of incorporating UHI into BES an especially challenging task,often limited by the availability of detailed hourly temperature data at building *** paper addresses the temporal variation of UHI by deriving four normalized UHI indicators that can successfully capture the seasonal and diurnal variation of *** accuracy of these indicators was established across four climate types including hot and humid(Miami,FL),hot and dry(Los Angeles,CA),cold and dry(Denver,CO),and cold and humid(Chicago,IL),and three building types including office,hospital,and *** four indicators are mean summer daytime UHI,mean summer nighttime UHI,mean winter daytime UHI,and mean winter nighttime UHI,which can accurately predict cooling,heating,and annual energy consumption with mean relative error of less than 1%.Not only do these indicators simplify the application of UHI to BES but also,they provide a new paradigm for UHI data collection,storage,and usage,specifically for the purpose of BES.

关键词： building energy simulation(BES) UHI indicators UHI temporal variation urban temperature variation

Representative Elementary Volume(REV) in Spatio-Temporal Domain： A Method to Find REVfor Dynamic Pores

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第2期28卷 391-403页

作者： Harpreet singh The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA National Energy Technology Laboratory Morgantown WV USA

One of the potential risks associated with subsurface storage of CO_2 is the seepage of CO_2 through existing faults and fractures. There have been a number of studies devoted to this topic. Some of these studies show that geochemistry, especially mineralization, plays an important role in rendering the faults as conduits for CO_2 movement while others show that mineralization due to CO_2 injection can result in seep migration and flow diversion. Therefore, understanding the changes in reservoir properties due to pore alterations is important to ensure safe long term CO_2 storage in the subsurface. We study the changes in the Representative Elementary Volume（REV） of a rock due to reactive kinetics over a time, using a statistical approach and pore-scale CO_2-rock *** goal of this study is to obtain the REV of a rock property that accounts for pore-scale changes over time due to reactive kinetics, and we call this as spatiotemporal REV. Scale-up results suggest that the REV changes with time when CO_2-rock interaction is considered. It is hypothesized that the alteration in pore structure introduces more heterogeneity in the rock, and because of this the magnitude of REV increases. It is possible that these noticeable changes in REV at pore-scale may have an impact when analyzed at the reservoir scale.

关键词： reactive dynamics reaction rate constant CO_2 scale-up upscaling geostatistics

Fabrication characteristics and tribological behavior of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid aluminum matrix composites: A review

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Friction 2016年第3期4卷 191-207页

作者： Jaswinder singh University Institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University SSG Regional Centre Hoshiarpur Punjab 146023 India

Improvement in surface properties and retainment of bulk properties are essential requirements for the design of components for wear resistance applications. This paper summarizes various features of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid composites that can be employed in different tribological applications. The study has revealed that the processing route plays a significant role in obtaining a homogeneous structure of these composites. In powder metallurgy, the selection of sizes of the matrix and reinforcement powders is crucial, whereas the wettability between the reinforcement particles and molten alloy is a major challenge in liquid metallurgy. The incorporation of SiC particles increases the mechanical strength and wear performance of Al composites. However, ejection of these particles can reduce the wear performance of Al composites under severe conditions. The addition of Gr particles helps in the formation of a thick and extensive tribolayer on the wear surface. This layer reduces direct contact between the rubbing surfaces, thereby decreasing the wear rate under certain conditions. Morphological analysis of worn surfaces has confirmed that the hybrid composites exhibit superior wear properties than the pure Al alloy and the ceramic-reinforced composite. However, increase in the Gr content beyond a limiting value can deteriorate the tribological properties of these composites. Therefore, true optimization of a tribosystem (of the hybrid composite and counterface) can be achieved by selecting appropriate reinforcement contents.

关键词： metal matrix composites (MMCs) sliding wear solid lubricant particles scanning electron microscopy (SEM) casting/sintering

Your CAPTCHA Recognition Method Based on DEEP Learning Using MSER Descriptor

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2981-2996页

作者： Deepak Kumar Ramandeep singh Sukhvinder singh Bamber Faculty of Science and Technology Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwara144411India Lovely Professional University Phagwara144411India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panjab University SSG Regional CentreHoshiarpur146021India

Individuals and PCs(personal computers)can be recognized using CAPTCHAs(Completely Automated Public Turing test to distinguish Computers and Humans)which are mechanized for distinguishing ***,CAPTCHAs are intended to be solved by the people,but are unsolvable by the *** a result,using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)these tests can similarly be ***,the CNNs quality depends majorly on:the size of preparation set and the information that the classifier is found out ***,it is almost unmanageable to handle issue with CNNs.A new method of detecting CAPTCHA has been proposed,which simultaneously solves the challenges like preprocessing of images,proper segmentation of CAPTCHA using strokes,and the data *** hyper parameters such as:Recall,Precision,Accuracy,Execution time,F-Measure(H-mean)and Error Rate are used for computation and *** preprocessing,image enhancement and binarization are performed based on the stroke region of the *** key points of these areas are based on the SURF *** exploratory outcomes show that the model has a decent acknowledgment impact on CAPTCHA with foundation commotion and character grip bending.

关键词： Captcha MSER ANN SURF SNN

Landau–Stanyukovich Rule and the Similarity Parameter of Converging Shock Waves in Magnetogasdynamics

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第9期28卷 170-173页

作者： Mithilesh singh L.P.singh Akmal Husain Department of Mathematics Dehradun Institute of TechnologyDehradunIndia Department of Applied Mathematics Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityIndia

Second-kind self-similar solutions to a problem of converging cylindrical shock waves in magnetogasdynamics are *** trial functions suggested by Chisnell and the shooting method of Landau–Stanyukovich are used to determine the similarity exponent for different values of specific heat ratioγand the parameter k,where kın(0,1].Detailed analyses of flow patterns for different values of adiabatic heat exponent and magnetic field strength are carried *** is observed that the general behavior of the velocity and density profiles is not affected in a magnetogasdynamics regime whereas there is an increase in the absolute value of the flow parameters with an increase in the magnetic field ***,the pressure profiles are greatly affected by the magnetic field interaction.

关键词： interaction Landau dynamics

QoS-Aware Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling on HPC Cloud Infrastructures Using Swarm-Intelligence Meta-Heuristics

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第8期64卷 813-834页

作者： Amit Chhabra Gurvinder singh Karanjeet singh Kahlon Department of Computer Engineering&Technology Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar143005India Department of Computer Science Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar143005India

Cloud computing infrastructure has been evolving as a cost-effective platform for providing computational resources in the form of high-performance computing as a service(HPCaaS)to users for executing HPC ***,the broader use of the Cloud services,the rapid increase in the size,and the capacity of Cloud data centers bring a remarkable rise in energy consumption leading to a significant rise in the system provider expenses and carbon emissions in the *** this,users have become more demanding in terms of Quality-of-service(QoS)expectations in terms of execution time,budget cost,utilization,and *** situation calls for the design of task scheduling policy,which ensures efficient task sequencing and allocation of computing resources to tasks to meet the trade-off between QoS promises and service provider ***,the task scheduling in the Cloud is a prevalent NP-Hard *** by these concerns,this paper introduces and implements a QoS-aware Energy-Efficient Scheduling policy called as CSPSO,for scheduling tasks in Cloud systems to reduce the energy consumption of cloud resources and minimize the makespan of *** proposed multi-objective CSPSO policy hybridizes the search qualities of two robust metaheuristics *** search(CS)and particle swarm optimization(PSO)to overcome the slow convergence and lack of diversity of standard CS algorithm.A fitness-aware resource allocation(FARA)heuristic was developed and used by the proposed policy to allocate resources to tasks efficiently.A velocity update mechanism for cuckoo individuals is designed and incorporated in the proposed CSPSO ***,the proposed scheduling policy has been implemented in the CloudSim simulator and tested with real supercomputing workload *** comparative analysis validated that the proposed scheduling policy can produce efficient schedules with better performance over other well-known heuristics and meta-heuristic

关键词： HPC-as-a-Service task scheduling quality-of-service meta-heuristics and energy-efficiency

Protease inhibitors:recent advancement in its usage as a potential biocontrol agent for insect pest management

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Insect Science 2020年第2期27卷 186-201页

作者： Sujata singh Archana singh Sumit Kumar Pooja Mittal Indrakant K.singh Molecular Biology Research Laboratory Department of ZoologyDeshbandhu CollegeUniversity of DelhiKalkajiNew DelhiIndia Department of Botany Hans Raj CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia

Plant derived protease inhibitors(PIs)are a promising defensin for crop im-provement and insect pest *** agronomist made significant efforts in utilizing PIs for managing insect *** potentials of PIs are still *** ability to compensate nutrient starvation induced by dietary PI feeding using different strategies,that is,overexpression of PI-sensitive protease,expression of PI-insensitive proteases,degradation of PI,has made this innumerable collection of PIs worthless.A practical challenge for agronomist is to identify potent PI candidates,to limit insect compensatory responses and to elucidate insect compensatory and resistance mechanisms activated upon *** knowledge could be further efficiently utilized to identify potential targets for RNAi-mediated pest *** vital genes of insects could be functionally anno-tated using the advanced gene-editing technique,CRISPR/*** research is exploiting different in silico and modern molecular biology techniques to utilize PIs in controlling insect pests *** review is structured to update recent advancements in this field,along with is chronological background.

关键词： gene stacking insect pest management PI transgenic proteases protease inhibitors transplastomic

Strength and deformation characteristics of steel fibrous concrete beams

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第2期8卷 257-263页

作者： singh Bhupinder singh S.P. KAUSHIK S.K Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247 667 India Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Jalandhar 144 011 India

The results of an analytical investigation of the flexural behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete （SFRC） beams are presented. The complete response of the SFRC beams under displacement controlled static loading was obtained using nonlinear Finite Element （FE） techniques implemented with the help of ATENA 2D soRware. Issues relating to the behaviour of SFRC which have a direct bearing on the FE modelling are discussed with relevance to the software employed for the nonlinear analysis. Constitutive models amenable to numerical analysis for steel fibrous concrete are presented. The structural response throughout the loading regime was captured in terms of the load-deflection behaviour, which in addition to the post-peak response characterized the failure mode of the test beams. The crack patterns at crack initiation and at the end of the tests were also recorded. Experimental results from the specimens of two other investigators were used as control values for this investigation. The response of the specimens of this investigation was evaluated in terms of initial tangent stiffness, peak loads and toughness. Good match was obtained between the results from this investigation and corresponding experimentally obtained values, wherever available. The influence of the fibre content is reflected in the observed trends in peak loads, deflection at peak loads and toughness, which are in broad agreement with known behavioral patterns of SFRC.

关键词： Analysis Deformation Strength Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) Toughness

Chemical characteristics of trace metals in PM10 and their concentrated weighted trajectory analysis at Central Delhi,India

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第5期29卷 184-196页

作者： Subhash Chandra Monika J.Kulshrestha Ruchi singh Nahar singh CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi 110012 India. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR - National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL) Campus New Delhi 110012 India Present address: Shriram Institute for Industrial Research Delhi 110007 India.

Trace metals associated with PM10 aerosols and their variation during day and nighttime as well as during different seasons have been studied for the year 2012. PCA analysis suggested5 PCs,which accounted for 86.8% cumulative variance. PC1 accounted for 30% with a significant loading of metals of anthropogenic origin,while PC2 showed 28% variance with the loading of metals of crustal origin. These trace metals showed seasonal distinct day and night time characteristics. The concentrations of Cu,Pb,and Cd were found to be higher during nighttime in all the seasons. Only Fe was observed with significantly higher mean concentrations during daytime of all seasons except monsoon. The highest mean values of Cu,Cd,Zn,and Pb during post-monsoon might be attributed to winds advection over the regions of waste/biomass burning and industrial activities in Punjab and Haryana ***,concentration weighted trajectory analysis suggested that metals of crustal origin were contributed by long-range transport while metals of anthropogenic and industrial activities were contributed by regional/local source regions.

关键词： Trace metals Potential source regions Backward trajectory Principal component analysis