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Predictions of El Nino,La Nina and Record Low Chicago Temperature by Sunspot Number

Natural Science 2019年第6期11卷 204-220页

作者： Tai-Jin kim Department of Chemical Engineering University of SuwonHwasung-CitySouth Korea

The El Nino Index, defined as 4 intensities (very strong, strong, moderate, weak) in Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), was positively correlated with the average sunspot number at each intensity. The La Niña Index, defined as 3 intensities (strong, moderate, weak) in ONI, was negatively correlated with the average sunspot number from 1954 to 2017. It appears that very strong El Niño events occur frequently during the maximal sunspot number while strong La Niña events more often occur during the minimal sunspot number. Since greenhouse-gas is continuously increased, it is therefore proposed that the maximal sunspot number is a major parameter for prediction of El Niño while the minimal sunspot number applies in the same way for La Niña. El Nino/La Nina events can be classified as four typical cases depending upon the submarine volcanic activities at seamounts in Antarctica and South America. The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) of the South and Central Americas are warmer than SST of East Australian Current (EAC), due to the strong volcanic eruptions in the Seamounts and the Ridges in South and Central Americas. This results in the Central Pacific Current (CPC) flowing from east to west due to the second law of thermodynamics for thermal flow from hot source to cold sink. In contrast the opposite direction is made if SST in EAC is warmer than SST in the Central/South American Seamounts and Ridges, due to the strong volcanic eruptions in the Antarctic Seamounts and Ridges. Chicago was selected as a case study for the relationship between extreme cold weather conditions and minimal sunspot number. Previous attempts at predicting weather patterns in Chicago have largely failed. The years of the record low temperatures in Chicago were significantly correlated with the years of the minimal sunspot number from 1873 to 2019. It is forecast that there may occur a weak La Niña in 2019 and another record low temperature in Chicago in January of 2020 due

关键词： Prediction El Nino La Nina Record Low Chicago Temperature Sunspot Number

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Endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Advantages and hurdles

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第3期7卷 192-205页

作者： Hyung Hun kim Department of Internal Medicine the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine

One of the most prominent characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) is their unpredictable and variable behavior. GISTs are not classified as "benign" or "malignant" but are rather stratified by their associated clinical risk of malignancy as determined by tumor size, location, and number of mitoses identified during surgicalhistology. The difficulty in assessing the malignant potential and prognoses of GISTs as well as the increasing incidence of "incidental GISTs" presents challenges to gastroenterologists. Recently, endoscopic enucleation has been actively performed as both a diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for GISTs. Endoscopic enucleation has several advantages, including keeping the stomach intact after the removal of GISTs, a relatively short hospital stay, a conscious sedation procedure, relatively low cost, and fewer human resources required compared with surgery. However, a low complete resection rate and the risk of perforation could reduce the overall advantages of this procedure. Endoscopic full-thickness resection appears to achieve a very high R0 resection rate. However, this technique absolutely requires a very skilled operator. Moreover, there is a risk of peritoneal seeding due to large active perforation. Laparoscopy endoscopy collaborations have been applied for more stable and pathologically acceptable management. These collaborative procedures have produced excellent outcomes. Many procedures have been developed and attempted because they were technically possible. However, we should first consider the theoretical basis for each technique. Until the efficacy and safety of sole endoscopic access are proved, the laparoscopy endoscopy collaborative procedure appears to be an appropriate method for minimally destructive GIST surgery.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Endoscopy Laparoscopy Efficacy Safety

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Earthquakes in Cretaceous Granites Associated with North Korean Nuclear Tests

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2018年第3期7卷 186-194页

作者： Tai-Jin kim Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Suwon Hwasung-City Republic of Korea

The goal of this study was to examine the danger of six North Korean underground nuclear tests to the regional safety associated with deadly earthquakes and volcanoes. Geological instabilities at Cretaceous granites were triggered by North Korean nuclear tests to induce the enhanced seismic impacts on earthquakes in China, Russia, Japan, Taiwan (China), South Korea, USA, Ecuador, Vanuatu, Indonesia, and Mexico after lag times between the nuclear test site and individual epicenters. It is urgent to prohibit North Korean nuclear tests for the regional stability of surrounding countries with Cretaceous granites.

关键词： Earthquake North Korean Underground Nuclear Test Cretaceous Granite

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Mitigation of Ecuadorian Earthquake Impact

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2018年第3期7卷 195-219页

作者： Tai-Jin kim Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Suwon Hwasung-City Republic of Korea

The mechanism of “Bing-Bang-Channeling-Cut” was proposed to reduce the volcanic energy (“Bing”) from the Galapagos Hot Spot (GHS) for the mitigation of Ecuadorian earthquake impact (“Bang”). The lag time between the volcanic eruptions in the GHS and Ecuadorian earthquake was probably caused by the undersea seamounts of the Carnegie Ridge (CAR) (“Channeling”). Experimental results from the water reservoir showed that the lag time decreased when increasing the number of drilled holes (“Cut”) in the bottom of reservoir. The present study showed that there was an additional vector initiating the Ecuadorian earthquake from the volcanic eruption in the GHS through the CAR. It was concluded that the harmful effects of Ecuadorian earthquakes could be mitigated by releasing the volcanic energy through the enlarged exit diameters in Holes of Site 1239 (A, B, C) with the presently productive upwelling chlorophyll system at the northeastern CAR.

关键词： Ecuador Earthquake Volcano Mitigation Hole

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Harmful Algal Blooms Associated with Volcanic Eruptions in Indonesia and Philippines for Korean Fishery Damage

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2020年第5期11卷 217-236页

作者： Tai-Jin kim Department of Chemical Engineering University of Suwon Hwaseong City South Korea

Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) were analyzed to trace the outbreak of dinoflagellate Cochlonidium polykrikoides on the Korean coast from 1993 to 2019 along with relationship to volcanic eruptions. Parameters associated with blooms and fishery damage were sunspot number, El Ni?o/La Ni?a events, Kuroshio Current, and volcanic eruptions in the South China Sea including Indonesia and the Philippines. HAB development was halted in seawater due to the sulfur compounds (H2S, SO2, sulfates) from volcanic eruptions inducing the deficiency of the dissolved iron (Fe) in the seawater. Cochlonidium polykrikoides blooms could be predicted by the minimal sunspot number during La Ni?a event or weak volcanic eruptions in Indonesia and the Philippines. On line monitoring of HAB was suggested using a prototype detector of Cochlonidium polykrikoides at wavelength of 300 nm with the concentration linearity (R2 = 0.9972) between 1000 and 6000 cells/ml. HABs on the Korean coast were negligible when there were volcanic eruptions in either Indonesia or Philippines from May to August. Fishery damage was linearly proportional (R2 = 0.2986) to the maximal concentration of HAB while 5000 cells/ml was the minimal concentration of HAB with high linearity (R2 = 0.7629), caused by old cysts of Cochlonidium polykrikoides on the Korean coast rather than the fresh ones carried by the Kuroshio Current from the Philippines. Fishery damage was reversely proportional to the number of sunspots;the maximal number of sunspots induced frequent volcanic eruption in Indonesia and the Philippines for retardation of HAB with less fishery damage in Korea while the minimal number of sunspots caused less volcanic eruptions for thereby enhancing HAB resulting in more fishery damage. It was proposed that a yellow LED be used at 590 nm as a photochemical expellent as well as H2S gas bubbling at a 0.5 meter depth on the surface of the fish cage to inactivate chemically Cochlonidium polykrikoides due to the deficiency of ess

关键词： Harmful Algal Blooms Volcanic Eruption Indonesia Philippines Korean Fishery Damage

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Practical Application of Two-Way Multiple Overlapping Relationships in a BDM Network

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第12期10卷 1318-1328页

作者： Seon-Gyoo kim Department of Architectural Engineering Kangwon National University Gangwon-do 200-701 South Korea

Today, most construction projects in urban environments are complex high-rise buildings that present unique challenges, including local building ordinances and restrictions, adjoining public and residential areas, narrow sidewalks and streets, and underground utilities, all of which require extensive planning and tight schedules. A major problem facing such projects is to formulate realistic schedules that will make it possible to meet contractual completion dates with limited resources and budgets. The scheduling software products currently used in construction projects, which include Primavera P6, Microsoft Project, etc., are not actually applied as a scheduling tool in practical construction projects, which instead generally depend on Microsoft Excel or a bar-chart. This is because the existing scheduling programs cannot provide more user-oriented schedule format such as representing two-way multiple overlapping relationships. To overcome this deficiency, the BDM （beeline diagramming method） is proposed as a new networking technique in 2010. But two-way multiple overlapping relationships generate the loop in a conventional schedule computation process. This paper addresses the loop phenomenon of two-way multiple overlapping relationships in a BDM network as well as proposes the solutions of them, and then presents a practical application of two-way multiple overlapping relationships at a real project.

关键词： Critical path method beeline diagramming method schedule computation two-way multiple overlapping relationships consecutive activities.

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A Study on the Characteristics and the Effective Reduction Methods for the Ground Vibration Due to the Travelling Tilting Train

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第4期6卷 202-209页

作者： Hee Seok kim Structural Engineering Research Division Korea Institute of Construction Technology Goyang-Si Republic of Korea

In this paper, a study on the characteristics and the reduction methods of ground vibration due to the tilting train travelling in the conventional line is carried out. The load transmitted into the ground is computed considering the interaction between the tilting car and the line. This load is then applied in the numerical model for the analysis of ground vibration due to the travelling tilting car. The far-fields of the numerical model are modeled using the dashpot, as one of the most widely used absorbing boundaries in finite element analysis. Using this numerical model, the analysis of the ground vibration characteristics caused by the travelling tilting car and the analysis of the blocking effect of the ground vibration by wave barriers are performed. From the numerical analysis, it is shown that the blocking effect of the trench and the barrier filled with soft material is more effective than that of the barrier filled with hard material.

关键词： Component Ground Vibration Tilting Car Absorbing Boundary Wave Barrier

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Organizing Independent Contractors in South Korea： A Case of Insurance Solicitors Unionizing

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Sociology Study 2014年第11期4卷 955-964页

作者： Jik-Soo kim Jik-Soo kim 3rd Floor 387-3 Dangsan-dong 3-gaYeoungdeungpo-gu Seoul 150-804 South Korea

The purpose of this study is to understand limitations and possibilities of organizing independent contractors by focusing on insurance solicitors in South Korea. Among various types of precarious employment, insurance solicitors are an exemplar case of independent contractor jobs in Korea. According to the narrow interpretation on the employment relationship by the courts, the labor standard law does not treat insurance solicitors as workers. And, most of insurance solicitors are not affiliated with labor unions. As a result, insurance solicitors are outside labor protections. Under this context, insurance solicitors attempted to organize their own union--Korean Insurance Agents＇ Union （KIAU） in the early 2000s, and turned it into a branch of Korean Finance and Service Workers＇ Union （KFSWU） in 2004. However, the KIAU lost its membership rapidly since the mid-2000s and has failed to revitalize itself until now. So, in this study, the author focuses on the changes in the employment structure behind the growth of the insurance industry in the private sector and the reason why union organizing of independent contractors was not successful.

关键词： Insurance solicitors independent contractor union organizing

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An Anthropology of Historic Foods in Japan, China and Korea

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2018年第3期8卷 112-120页

作者： Bok-rae kim Andong National University Andong 36729 South Korea

This paper is divided into three subjects： Japanese Genghis Khan, Chinese tofu and Korean bibimbap （mixed rice with vegetables）. It will be a cross-cultural and comparative research on historic foods among three co... 详细信息

关键词： Japanese Genghis Khan Chinese tofu Korean bibimbap anthropology of food historic food

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Diversification of Business Organizations under the 2008 Revised Draft to the Korean Commercial Code——Focusing on Limited Liability Companies

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商事法论集 2012年第1期 53-61页

作者： Soon Suk kim Chonnam National University

*** Development of Korean Commercial Code There have been recent revisions to the Korean Commercial Code(the"KCC"):most notably the two revisions in January and May of *** to the revision of January 2009(Law No.9362), corporate governance related provisions under old Securities Exchange Act moved to Special Application Subchapter of Corporation Part of the KCC(Sec.542-2 to 542-12).This amendment was caused by the Financial Investment Services and Capital Market Act(the"FISCMA")that became effective on

关键词：商事法株式会社组合合资匿名有限合同

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