检索结果-南通市图书馆

Subsoiling and Ridge Tillage Alleviate the High Temperature Stress in Spring Maize in the North China Plain

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2179-2188页

作者： tao zhi-qiang SUI Peng CHEN Yuan-quan LI Chao NIE Zi-jin YUAN Shu-fen SHI Jiang-tao GAO Wang-sheng College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Wuqiao Experimental Station China Agricultural University

High temperature stress（HTS） on spring maize（Zea mays L.） during the filling stage is the key factor that limits the yield increase in the North China Plain（NCP）.Subsoiling（SS） and ridge tillage（R） were introduced to enhance the ability of spring maize to resist HTS during the filling *** field experiments were conducted during the 2011 and 2012 maize growing seasons at Wuqiao County,Hebei Province,*** with rotary tillage（RT）,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and chlorophyll relative content（SPAD） of maize leaves was increased by 40.0,42.6,12.8,and 29.7% under SS,and increased by 20.4,20.0,5.4,and 14.2% under R,***,the treatments reduce the intercellular CO 2 concentration under *** SS and R treatments increased the relative water content（RWC） by 11.9 and 6.2%,and the water use efficiency（WUE） by 24.3 and 14.3%,respectively,compared with *** SS treatment increased the root length density and soil moisture in the 0-80 cm soil profile,whereas the R treatment increased the root length density and soil moisture in the 0-40 cm soil profile compared with the RT *** with 2011,the number of days with temperatures 33°C was more 2 d and the mean day temperature was higher 0.9°C than that in 2012,whereas the plant yield decreased by 2.5,8.5 and 10.9%,the net photosynthetic rate reduced by 7.5,10.5 and 18.0%,the RWC reduced by 3.9,5.6 and 6.2%,and the WUE at leaf level reduced by 1.8,5.2 and 13.1% in the SS,R and RT treatments,*** the root length density and the soil moisture also decreased at different *** yield,photosynthetic rate,plant water status,root length density,and soil moisture under the SS and R treatments declined less than that under the RT *** results indicated that SS and R can enhance the HTS resistance of spring maize during the filling stage,and led to higher yield by directly improving soil moisture and root growth and indirectly improving

关键词： high temperature stress spring maize filling stage subsoiling ridge tillage

Effects of zinc fertilizer and short-term high temperature stress on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第9期17卷 1979-1990页

作者： tao zhi-qiang WANG De-mei CHANG Xu-hong WANG Yan-jie YANG Yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture

Content of wheat flour proteins affects the quality of wheat flour. Zinc nutrition in wheat can change the protein content of the flour. The inconsistency and instability of wheat grain quality during grain filling while under high temperature stress （HTS） are major problems in the production of high quality wheat. At present, there is a lack of studies on zinc fertilizer and HTS effects on wheat flour protein and the content of its components. For this study, treatment combinations of four levels of zinc fertilizers and exposure to a short-term HTS, at 20 d after flowering （D20）, were tested on two wheat cultivars with different gluten levels. Individuals of a strong gluten wheat, Gaoyou 2018 （GY2018）, and a medium gluten wheat, Zhongmai 8 （ZM8）, were grown in pots at the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing in 2015-2017. We measured grain yield and weight and the activities of two enzymes （nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase） from the flag leaves, collected at D10 and D20. Total protein content, protein yield, and content of four protein components （albumin, gliadin, glutenin, and globulin） were measured from flour produced from the pot-grown plants. HTS significantly increased the contents of total protein, albumin, gliadin, and glutenin in wheat grains, and reduced the grain yield, grain weight, protein yield, globulin content, and flag leaf nitrate reductase （NR） and glutamine synthetase （GS） activities. The results showed that HTS and zinc fertilizer had greater impacts on the strong gluten cultivar compared to the medium gluten cultivar. Under HTS, grain yield decreased by 13 and 8% in GY2018 and ZM8, respectively; protein yield decreased by 7 and 8% in GY2018 and ZM8, respectively. Zinc fertilizer increased： grain and protein yields; grain weight; total protein, albumin, gliadin, and glutenin contents; protein yield; and NR and GS activities. In contrast, zinc fertilizer reduced the content of globulin. The add

关键词： Triticum aestivum L. zinc fertilizer strong gluten climate warming

Light interception and radiation use efficiency response to tridimensional uniform sowing in winter wheat

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第3期17卷 566-578页

作者： tao zhi-qiang wang de-mei ma shao-kang yang yu-shuang zhao guang-cai chang xu-hong Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry ofAgriculture Beijing 100081 P.R. China

Improving radiation use efficiency （RUE） of the canopy is necessary to increase wheat （Triticum aesfivum） production. Tridimensional uniform sowing （U） technology has previously been used to construct a uniformly distributed population structure that increases RUE. In this study, we used tridimensional uniform sowing to create a wheat canopy within which light was spread evenly to increase RUE. This study was done during 2014-2016 in the Shunyi District, Beijing, China. The soil type was sandy loam. Wheat was grown in two sowing patterns：（1） tridimensional uniform sowing （U）; （2） conventional drilling （D）. Four planting densities were used： 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, and 4.5 million plants ha-1. Several indices were measured to compare the wheat canopies： photosynthetic active radiation intercepted by the canopy （IPAR）, leaf area index （LAI）, leaf mass per unit area （LMA）, canopy extinction coefficient （K）, and RUE. In two sowing patterns, the K values decreased with increasing planting density, but the K values of U were lower than that of D. LMA and IPAR were higher for U than for D, whereas LAI was nearly the same for both sowing patterns. IPAR and LAI increased with increasing density under the same sowing pattern. However, the difference in IPAR and LAI between the 3.6 and 4.5 million plants ha-1 treatments was not significant for both sowing patterns. Therefore, LAI within the same planting density was not affected by sowing pattern. RUE was the largest for the U mode with a planting density of 3.6 million plants ha-1 treatment. For the D sowing pattern, the lowest planting density （1.8 million plants ha-1） resulted in the highest yield. Light radiation interception was minimal for the D mode with a planting density of 1.8 million plants ha-1 treatment, but the highest RUE and highest yield were observed under this condition. For the U sowing pattern, IPAR increased with increasing planting density, but yield and RUE were the highest with a planting density of 3.6 millio

关键词： tridimensional uniform sowing extinction coefficient leaf area index leaf mass per unit area wheat

Increased grain yield with improved photosynthetic characters in modern maize parental lines

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第9期14卷 1735-1744页

作者： LI Cong-feng tao zhi-qiang LIU Peng ZHANG Ji-wang ZHUANG Ke-zhang DONG Shu-ting ZHAO Ming Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture College of Agriculture Shandong Agriculture University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Institute of Crop Science Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The grain yield of maize has increased continuously in past decades, largely through hybrid innovation, cultivation tech-nology, and in particular, recent genetic improvements in photosynthesis. Elite inbred lines are crucial for innovating new germplasm. Here, we analyzed variations in grain yield and a series of eco-physiological photosynthetic traits after anthesis in sixteen parental lines of maize (Zea mays L.) released during three different eras (1960s, 1980s, 2000s). We found that grain yield and biomass signiifcantly increased in the 2000s than those in the 1980s and 1960s. Leaf area, chlorophyl , and soluble protein content slowly decreased, and maintained a higher net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and improved stomatal conductance (Gs) after anthesis in the 2000s. In addition, the parental lines in the 2000s obtained higher actual photo-chemistry efifciency (ФPSI ) and the maximum PSII photochemistry efifciency (Fv/Fm), which largely improved light partition-ing and chlorophyl lfuorescence characteristic, including higher photochemical and photosystem II (PSII) reaction center activity, lower thermal energy dissipation in antenna proteins. Meanwhile, more lamel ae per granum within chloroplasts were observed in the parental lines of the 2000s, with a clear and complete chloroplast membrane, which wil greatly help to improve photosynthetic capacity and energy efifciency of ear leaf in maize parental lines. It is concluded that grain yield increase in modern maize parental lines is mainly attributed to the improved chloroplast structure and more light energy catched for the photochemical reaction, thus having a better stay-green characteristic and stronger photosynthetic capac-ity after anthesis. Our direct physiological evaluation of these inbred lines provides important information for the further development of promising maize cultivars.

关键词： maize modern parental lines grain yield photosynthetic traits chloroplast ultrastructure

The causes and impacts for heat stress in spring maize during grain filling in the North China Plain--A review

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2677-2687页

作者： tao zhi-qiang CHEN Yuan-quan LI Chao ZOU Juan-xiu YAN Peng YUAN Shu-fen WU Xia SUI Peng college of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R.China Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 P.R.China Wuqiao Experimental Station China Agricultural University Cangzhou 061800 P.R. China

High-temperature stress （HTS） at the grain-filling stage in spring maize （Zea mays L.） is the main obstacle to increasing productivity in the North China Plain （NCP）. To solve this problem, the physiological mechanisms of HTS, and its causes and impacts, must be understood. The HTS threshold of the duration and rate in grain filling, photosynthetic characteristics （e.g., the thermal stability of thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll and electron transfer, photosynthetic carbon assimilation）, water status （e.g., leaf water potential, turgor and leaf relative water content） and signal transduction in maize are reviewed. The HTS threshold for spring maize is highly desirable to be appraised to prevent damages by unfavorable temperatures during grain filling in this region. HTS has negative impacts on maize photosynthesis by damaging the stability of the thylakoid membrane structure and degrading chlorophyll, which reduces light energy absorption, transfer and photosynthetic carbon assimilation. In addition, photosynthesis can be deleteriously affected due to inhibited root growth under HTS in which plants decrease their water-absorbing capacity, leaf water potential, turgor, leaf relative water content, and stomatal conductance. Inhibited photosynthesis decrease the supply of photosynthates to the grain, leading to falling of kernel weight and even grain yield. However, maize does not respond passively to HTS. The plant transduces the abscisic acid （ABA） signal to express heat shock proteins （HSPs）, which are molecular chaperones that participate in protein refolding and degradation caused by HTS. HSPs stabilize target protein configurations and indirectly improve thylakoid membrane structure stability, light energy absorption and passing, electron transport, and fixed carbon assimilation, leading to improved photosynthesis. ABA also induces stomatal closure to maintain a good water status for photosynthesis. Based on understanding of such mechanisms, strategies for alleviat

关键词： North China Plain spring maize grain filling heat-tolerance heat-avoidance gas exchange water status

Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第3期18卷 483-495页

作者： Kishk Abdelmageed CHANG Xu-hong WANG De-mei WANG Yan-jie YANG Yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai tao zhi-qiang Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081P.R.China Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research CenterGiza 12619Egypt

Wheat was the first crop grown in Egypt, and it remains highly important. Egypt is the largest wheat importer in the world and consumes an extensive amount of bread. It is imperative for wheat scientists to decrease the large gap between production and consumption. Wheat yields in Egypt increased 5.8-fold(6.7 billion kg) between 1961 and 2017 due to variety improvement and the use of better planting methods such as the raised bed method, ideal sowing date, surge flow irrigation and farm irrigation systems, laser levelling, fertilizers, and intercropping with raised beds. In this paper, the development of wheat production techniques and variety evolution over more than five decades in Egypt have been analyzed. In particular, we have focused on the technologies, cultural practices and causes for per unit area yield increase. The main purpose was to study the issues that have arisen during wheat production and to make recommendations for smart agricultural practices. In 1981, the yield was 3 300 kg ha–1 and through the improvement of varieties, expansion of agricultural land and the adoption of modern agricultural techniques yield reached 6 500 kg ha–1 by 2017. The production growth rate was 4.1% annually, and the total grain yield increased 4.3-fold, from 1.9 billion kg in 1981 to about 8.1 billion kg in 2017. The use of new improved varieties, new cultivation techniques, and modern irrigation techniques contributed to 97.0% of the increase in yield per unit area and 1.5% of the increase in yield was due to planting area expansion. Therefore, the increase in total yield mainly depended on the increase in yield per unit area. Wheat production in Egypt has been improved through the development of breeding and cultivation techniques. The use of these new techniques, the popularization of new high-quality seed varieties, and the use of the raised bed method instead of the old method of planting in basins have made the largest contributions to increased yield. In the futur

关键词： Egypt wheat production modern techniques raised bed water saving mechanization

An economic and viable approach to improve wheat quality in Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第8期21卷 2227-2240页

作者： WANG Yu-jiao tao zhi-qiang WANG De-mei WANG Yan-jie YANG Yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai SHI Shu-bing CHANG Xu-hong College of Agronomy Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China

Wheat flour products are the main dietary component of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)population in ***,the high altitude restricts the local wheat quality and quantity,and the applied nitrogen rate is higher than the optimal rate for wheat *** this study,we considered whether reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and introducing the superior varieties from the North China Plain(NCP)are viable ways to increase the wheat quality and quantity in the *** and four winter wheat cultivars from QTP and NCP,respectively,were planted in Lhasa at an altitude of 3647 m with reduced topdressing nitrogen application at the jointing *** wheat from NCP exhibited higher grain hardness index and test weight,and better flour and dough *** the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer from 135 to 75 kg N ha^(-1) at the jointing stage(with the same basal fertilization of 105 kg N ha^(-1) did not significantly(P<0.05)affect the grain yield,grain quality,flour quality or dough quality in any of the *** summary,introducing high-quality winter wheat varieties from the NCP to the Lhasa plateau is a viable way to enhance the wheat supply and quality in the *** a certain amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is an economic and feasible approach for the QTP region.

关键词： Triticum variety introduction wheat quality high altitude nitrogen

1,4-双(α-氯代乙酰氧基)苯/氯化亚铜/二联吡啶体系作用下的原子转移聚合

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

高等学校化学学报 2000年第2期21卷 324-326页

作者：董建华陶志强北京大学化学与分子工程学院高分子科学与工程系!北京100871

A new kind of initiation systems of "Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization" (ATRP) for vinyl monomers is presented. The 1,4bis(αchloroacetyloxy)benzene has been prepared by typical esterification. The vinyl monomers such as styrene can undergo radical polymerization via ATRP mechanism in the presence of the initiators as titled. It has been observed that the molecular weight of polymer increases in linear proportion with monomer conversion to polymers and the polymerization is controllable. The enlargement of molecular weight of polystyrene formed by ATRP can be achieved via second round polymerizations of styrene monomers and the initiators. Prelimenary experiments on the block copolymerization of styrene methyl acrylate or butyl acrylate in the presence of polystyrene with chloro end groups obtained via ATRP have been successfully performed.

关键词：原子转移聚合 1,4-双(α-氯代乙酰氧基)苯氯化亚铜聚苯乙烯

Long-term variation time scales in OJ 287

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第11期10卷 1100-1108页

作者： Jun-Hui Fan Yi Liu Bo-Chun Qian Jun tao zhi-qiang Shen Jiang-Shui Zhang Yong Huang Jin Wang Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510400 China Astronomy Science and Technology Research Laboratory. of Department of Education of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Joint Institute for Galaxy and Cosmology ShAO and USTC Chinese Academy of Sciences China

The light curve data from 1894 to 2008 are compiled for the BL Lacertae object OJ 287 from the available literature. Periodicity analysis methods （the Discrete Correlation Function-DCF, the Jurkevich method, the power spectral （Fourier） analysis, and the CLEANest method） are performed to search for possible periodicites in the light curve of OJ 287. Significance levels are given for the possible periods. The analysis results confirm the existence of the 12.2 ± 0.6 yr time scale and show a hint of a -53 yr time scale. The 12.2 ± 0.6 yr period is used as the orbital period to investigate the supermassive binary black hole system parameters.

关键词： galaxies active -- galaxies: general-- methods: data analysis -- galax- ies individual (OJ 287)